Troikaa (India)

The SEG has recently published a clarification note for the SEG-Y_r2.1 format, together with an example file that contains metadata in extended textual headers. This work has been completed in collaboration with the IOGP Geomatics Committee to support organisations that wish to leverage the SEG-Y_r2.1 format and enable the realisation of wider industry objectives around transformational workflows through the adoption and application of open standards. This will serve to enable the automated exchange of seismic data and reduce the risk of introducing positional error through deficiencies in current data transfer and loading processes. The inclusion of extended textual headers in the SEG-Y format presents an opportunity to increase both efficiency and reliability and address the risks and limitations in seismic data management processes that have barely changed for decades. IOGP P format records are presented as an already established solution to addressing the issue of missing or unstructured positioning metadata.

Objective: To study the effect of Ranitidine (H2 receptor antagonist) in combination with Glipizide on the blood sugar level in rabbits. Methods: Six albino rabbits were taken for the study. Glipizide was administrated to each rabbit as a single drug therapy on day 1, while was co-administrated with Ranitidine to each rabbit as a combinational drug therapy on day 7. Ranitidine was administrated to each rabbit from day 2 to day 6 as a single drug therapy. Blood sugar levels were estimated on day 1 and on day 7 at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h. Results: The mean blood sugar level readings at 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h on day 1 were 90.9, 78.4, 67.2, 60.2 and 67.5 mg% and on day 7 were 90.3, 77.01, 63.3, 55.7 and 64 mg% respectively. When mean blood sugar level on day 1 and day 7 were considered, there was a significant reduction in blood sugar level at 2, 4 and 6 h but there was no significant fall in blood sugar level at 0 and 1 hour after co-administration of Glipizide and Ranitidine. Conclusion: Ranitidine, when co-administered with glipizide, significantly increases the hypoglycaemic action of glipizide.

BackgroundConcomitant drug administration is a general phenomenon in patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Among the currently available oral antidiabetic drugs, gliclazide is a commonly prescribed drug considering its multiple benefits in diabetic patients. Aprepitant is a commonly prescribed antiemetic drug which is mainly metabolized by CYP3A4, reported to have modest inductive and inhibitory effects on CYP2C9 and CYP3A4, respectively. Since gliclazide is metabolized by CYP2C9 (major) and CYP3A4 (minor), it is very difficult to predict the influence of aprepitant and its metabolic interaction with gliclazide. Considering the complexity associated with the combination of aprepitant and gliclazide, this study was designed to evaluate the influence of aprepitant on the pharmacodynamics (PD) and pharmacokinetics (PK) of gliclazide in animal models.MethodsThe PD interaction studies were conducted in both rodent (normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats) and non-rodent (rabbits) animal models (n = 6) while the PK interaction study was conducted in normal rabbits (n = 6). An extrapolated human therapeutic oral dose of gliclazide, aprepitant and their combination were administered to rats and rabbits with 7 days washout between each treatment. For the multiple-dose interaction study, the same groups were administered with an interacting drug (aprepitant) for 7 days and then the combination of aprepitant and gliclazide on the 8th day. From the collected animal blood samples, blood glucose (by Glucose-Oxidase/Peroxidase method), insulin (by ELISA method) and gliclazide concentration levels (by HPLC method) were determined. Non-compartmental PK analysis was conducted by Phoenix WinNonlin software to determine the PK parameters of gliclazide. Statistical analysis was performed by student’s paired t-test.ResultsThe pharmacodynamic activity (blood glucose reduction and insulin levels) of gliclazide was significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by aprepitant in normal and diabetic condition without any convulsions in animals. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in concentration levels and Area Under the Curve of gliclazide while significant (p < 0.05) decrease in clearance levels of gliclazide in rabbits. The PK interaction with gliclazide is relatively more with the multiple dose treatment of aprepitant over single dose treatment.ConclusionIn combination, aprepitant significantly influenced the pharmacodynamic activity of gliclazide in animal models. Considering this, care should be taken when this combination is prescribed for the clinical benefit in diabetic patients.

HERBAVATE is a topical preparation that contains the oil extracts of Calotropis gigantea, Curcuma longa, Pongamia glabra &amp; Solanum xanthocarpum in a cream base. The present study is a pilot study evaluating the efficacy and safety of HERBAVATE in the management of eczema.37 out-patients with a clinical diagnosis of eczema were enrolled in an open label study carried out at 2 centers. Patients applied HERBAVATE cream over the lesion twice daily and were followed up weekly for 4 weeks. Patients were assessed weekly on a 4 point scale for the severity of symptoms associated with eczema, viz. erythema, scaling, lichenification and pruritis. Local tolerance was assessed on a 4 point scale.All analysis were carried out on 32 patients, there were 5 dropouts. At the end of the study there was a significant fall in the mean scores for erythema, scaling, lichenification and pruritis. HERBAVATE was well tolerated with only 2 patients reporting mild burning at site of application which improved with continued application.HERBAVTE appears to an attractive alternate option for the management of eczema. However, larger studies of longer duration are needed.