Tzu Hui Institute of Technology

The present study examined the anti-oxidation and anti-proliferation activity of the two new flavonoids compounds in cancer cells. Cinnamomum species have been used as important sources of traditional medicine, timber, edible fruits, spices, and perfumes in China for a long history. Cinnamoum reticulatum Hayata (Lauraceae) is an indigenous tree species in Taiwan. We further isolated the two flavonoids compounds kaempferol-3-O-(2",4"-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-\(\alpha\)-L-rhamnopyranoside (1) and kaempferol-3-O-(3",4"-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-\(\alpha\)-L-rhamnopyranoside (2) from the leaves and stems of C. reticulatum Hayate. The phytochemical characteristics, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the two compounds were evaluated. Kaempferol-3-O-(2",4"-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-\(\alpha\)-L-rhamnopyranoside (1) and kaempferol-3-O-(3",4"-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-\(\alpha\)-L-rhamnopyranoside (2) have antiproliferation activity in lung cancer cell line (A549 and NCI-H460) and breast cancer cell line (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). However, (1) displays better antioxidant activity than (2). Our results showed that the two flavonoids from C. reticulatum might have good potential for further development as chemoprevention or antioxidant remedies. Flavonoids possess anti-oxidative effects as free radical scavengers and metal ion cheaters properties associated with the phenolic hydroxyl groups attached to ring structures. Intensity of the antioxidant activity of a flavonoid strongly depends on its chemical structure.

Economic development and community revitalization can benefit from youth entrepreneurship; however, insufficient guidance for youths may weaken this beneficial effect. The Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China organized entrepreneurship events in China’s tertiary education institutes. With the aim of helping youths at university to clearly perceive social–entrepreneurship value and steadily form moral business motives, events were guided by the core of the Red Boat Spirit (RBS) and through the specific program Youth Red Dream Building Journey (YRDBJ). Youths have been part of the nation’s evolution via their contributions to various fields, including initiatives to improve the appearance of the countryside; modern innovations in agriculture; providing health and medicine supplies to alleviate poverty; and the cultural spread of RBS. Ten million university students have joined the program since 2017. Incorporating RBS and Social Entrepreneurship Education (SEE) into the special Ideological and Political Education (IPE) in China’s tertiary education, the program, YRDBJ, significantly influenced the Chinese youth in terms of social entrepreneurship at university. With this analytical approach, this study employed Marxist theories to analyze the relevant theoretical literature on entrepreneurship in order to discover the mechanism underlying the success of the program. This paper reveals the theoretical framework of YRDBJ and analyzes the factors that favorably formed the framework; moreover, it also proposes a new conceptual model bound with YRDBJ, which enriches the theoretical development of IPE and SEE. This paper also notes the limitations of YRDBJ and subjects it to scrutiny; then, we provide new ideas to improve the relationship between SEE and YRDBJ.

With the explosive increase in traffic volume in fifth-generation (5G) mobile wireless networks, an ultra-dense network (UDN) architecture, composed of highly concentrated millimeter-wave base stations within the fourth-generation (4G) system, has been developed. User equipment (UE) may encounter more frequent handover opportunities when moving in a UDN. Conventional handover schemes are too simple to adapt to the diverse handover scenarios encountered in 5G UDNs because they consider only UE signal strength. Unnecessary handovers aggravate the ping-pong effect and degrade the quality of service of cellular networks. Fuzzy logic (FL) is considered the best technique to unravel the handover problem in a high-density scenario of small cells for 4G/5G networks. In this paper, we propose an FL-based handover scheme to dynamically adjust the values of two handover parameters, namely handover margin (HOM) and time to trigger (TTT), with respect to each UE. The proposed scheme, abbreviated as FLDHDT, has dynamic adjustment of TTT in addition to HOM by using the signal to interference plus noise ratio and horizontal moving speed of the UE as inputs to the FL controller. To demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of FLDHDT, we perform simulations using the well-known ns-3 simulator. The performance measures include the number of handovers, overall system throughput, and ping-pong ratio. The simulation results demonstrate that FLDHDT improves the handover performance of 5G UDNs in terms of the number of handovers, ping-pong ratio, and overall system throughput compared to a conventional handover scheme, namely Event A3, and an FL-based handover scheme with dynamic adjustment of only HOM.