UNAVCO

<p>Digitized structural attitudes from the Greenville 1x2° quadrangle (Nelson et al., 1998) and accompanying stereonets, CCP stacks and accompanying A1 trace profiles from SESAME D-W-lines, as well as a table of receiver function A1 arrivals with accompanying worked example and waveform plots. </p>

Abstract Lagrangian detection and tracking algorithms are frequently used to study the development, distribution, and trends of extratropical cyclones. Past research shows that results from these algorithms are sensitive to both spatial and temporal resolution of the gridded input fields, with coarser resolutions typically underestimating cyclone frequency by failing to capture weak, small, and short-lived systems. The fifth-generation atmospheric reanalysis from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5) offers finer resolution, and therefore more precise information regarding storm locations and development than previous global reanalyses. However, our sensitivity tests show that using ERA5 sea-level pressure fields at their finest possible resolution does not necessarily lead to better cyclone detection and tracking. If a common number of nearest neighbors is used when detecting minima in sea-level pressure (like past studies), finer spatial resolution leads to noisier fields that unrealistically break up multi-center cyclones. Using a common search distance instead (with more neighbors at finer resolution) resolves the issue without smoothing inputs. Doing this also makes cyclone frequency, lifespan, and average depth insensitive to refining spatial resolution beyond 100 km. Results using 6-h and 3-h temporal resolutions have only minor differences, but using 1-h temporal resolution with a maximum allowed propagation speed of 150 km h-1 leads to unrealistic track splitting. This can be counteracted by increasing the maximum propagation speed, but modest sensitivity to temporal resolution persists for several cyclone characteristics. Therefore, we recommend caution if applying existing algorithms to temporal resolutions finer than 3-h and careful evaluation of algorithm settings.

FlippedREF es un proyecto de formación que se desarrolló en el Comité Navarro de Árbitros de Fútbol (España) durante la temporada 2018-2019. El principal objetivo de este plan ha sido la realización de una experiencia educativa, desde el enfoque pedagógico Flipped Learning, en el área de formación técnica de los árbitros y asistentes de fútbol. Este artículo realiza una aproximación al escenario que resulta de su desarrollo. Asimismo, se caracteriza por una estructura modular y por los dos espacios y tiempos de formación diferenciados. En el primero, el participante establece una primera toma de contacto con el material didáctico elaborado por el equipo docente para cada módulo y lo trabaja antes de la sesión de formación correspondiente. En el segundo, el formador acompaña, dinamiza y guía las actividades propuestas en cada una de las sesiones presenciales para el trabajo en equipo, organiza los debates y modera las discusiones. De esta manera, se busca un enfoque comunicativo y educativo horizontal, y contrario al modelo unidireccional y transmisivo que ha caracterizado la formación de este colectivo para trabajar el contenido de las reglas de juego. Los resultados de la evaluación de la experiencia muestran una valoración muy positiva en relación con el grado de los objetivos propuestos, con los recursos educativos utilizados y con las estrategias metodológicas abordadas para fomentar la participación, la interacción y la colaboración entre los participantes. Sin embargo, se encuentran mayores diferencias a la hora de valorar algunas de las herramientas utilizadas en las sesiones de trabajo. Esta propuesta, y su enfoque pedagógico, pretende ser transferible a otros contextos del ámbito de la actividad física y del deporte. Abstract: FlippedREF is a training project that was developed within the Navarre Committee of Soccer Referees (Spain) during the 2018-2019 season. The main objective of this plan is to carry out an educational experience from the Flipped Learning pedagogical approach, in the area of ​​technical training for soccer referees and assistants. Thus, this article makes an approach to the scenario resulting from its development, which is characterized by a modular structure and by the two spaces and differentiated training times. In the first, participants establish a first contact with the didactic material prepared by the teaching team for each module, and work on it before the corresponding training session. In the second, trainers accompany, streamline, and guide the activities proposed in each of the face-to-face sessions for teamwork, organize the debates and moderate the discussions. In this way, a horizontal communicative and educational approach is sought, and contrary to the unidirectional and transmissive model that has characterized the training of this group for the work on the content of the rules of the game. The results of the evaluation of the experience are very positive in relation to the degree of the objectives proposed in the project, the educational resources used, and the methodological strategies addressed to promote participation, interaction, and collaboration among participants. However, greater differences are found when evaluating some of the tools used in the work sessions. This proposal, and its pedagogical approach, aims to be transferable to other contexts in the field of physical activity and sport.

<p>The landscape of college and university teaching in the geosciences has changed over the past 20 years.  Research has documented 1) that faculty in the U.S. now spend less time lecturing and more time actively engaging students in the classroom, and 2) that active engagement is more common in geoscience classrooms than it is in biology, chemistry, physics, or engineering. The web sites of <em>Teach the Earth</em>  and <em>On the Cutting Edge</em> have thousands of web pages of resources for geoscience faculty who want to more actively engage their students in the classroom. But what if you want to incorporate more active learning but aren’t sure where to start or how these techniques might work in your courses? Or what if you are looking for new approaches or fresh ideas to add to techniques that you already use?</p><p>On-Ramps are quick-start guides designed to bring you up to speed in effective strategies for engaging students more actively in the classroom. Each 2-page On-Ramp focuses on a particular teaching strategy, rather than on how to teach a particular topic. The current On-Ramps cover interactive lecture, brainstorming, concept sketches, jigsaws, discussions, quantitative skill-building, just-in-time approaches, case studies, and re-thinking course coverage and linearity. Each On-Ramp includes a simple example that illustrates the strategy, why the technique is valuable, implementation tips, additional examples and modifications, and links to activities, supporting research, and other resources. On-Ramps will be available at the poster and can also be downloaded as pdfs from serc.carleton.edu/onramps/index.html</p><p>On-Ramps originated from the 2018 community vision report to US National Science Foundation on <em>Challenges and Opportunities for Research in Tectonics</em>, and their development was supported with a grant from NSF. The On-Ramps writing team is a group of geoscientists at a variety of career levels with specialties across the range of subdisciplines that regularly address tectonic problems. Although examples currently focus on the broad field of tectonics, On-Ramps can be easily adapted for courses in other geoscience disciplines at all levels.</p><p> </p>

Abstract The seasonal snowmelt period is a critical component of the hydrologic cycle for many mountainous areas. Changes in the timing and rate of snowmelt as a result of physical hydrologic flow paths, such as longitudinal intra‐snowpack flow paths, can have strong implications on the partitioning of meltwater amongst streamflow, groundwater recharge, and soil moisture storage. However, intra‐snowpack flow paths are highly spatially and temporally variable and thus difficult to observe. This study utilizes new methods to non‐destructively observe spatio‐temporal changes in the liquid water content of snow in combination with plot experiments to address the research question: What is the scale of influence that intra‐snowpack flow paths have on the downslope movement of liquid water during snowmelt across an elevational gradient? This research took place in northern Colorado with study plots spanning from the rain‐snow transition zone up to the high alpine. Results indicate an increasing scale of influence from intra‐snowpack flow paths with elevation, showing higher hillslope connectivity producing larger intra‐snowpack contributing areas for meltwater accumulation, quantified as the upslope contributing area required to produce observed changes in liquid water content from melt rate estimates. The total effective intra‐snowpack contributing area of accumulating liquid water was found to be 17, 6, and 0 m2 for the above tree line, near tree line, and below tree line plots, respectively. Dye tracer experiments show capillary and permeability barriers result in increased number and thickness of intra‐snowpack flow paths at higher elevations. We additionally utilized aerial photogrammetry in combination with ground penetrating radar surveys to investigate the role of this hydrologic process at the small watershed scale. Results here indicate that intra‐snowpack flow paths have influence beyond the plot scale, impacting the storage and transmission of liquid water within the snowpack at the small watershed scale.

Abstract Volcanoes are hazardous to local and global populations, but only a fraction are continuously monitored by ground‐based sensors. For example, in Latin America, more than 60% of Holocene volcanoes are unmonitored, meaning long‐term multiparameter data sets of volcanic activity are rare and sparse. We use satellite observations of degassing, thermal anomalies, and surface deformation spanning 17 years at 47 of the most active volcanoes in Latin America and compare these data sets to ground‐based observations archived by the Global Volcanism Program. This first comparison of multisatellite time series on a regional scale provides information regarding volcanic behavior during, noneruptive, pre‐eruptive, syneruptive, and posteruptive periods. For example, at Copahue volcano, deviations from background activity in all three types of satellite measurements were manifested months to years in advance of renewed eruptive activity in 2012. By quantifying the amount of degassing, thermal output, and deformation measured at each of these volcanoes, we test the classification of these volcanoes as open or closed volcanic systems. We find that ~28% of the volcanoes do not fall into either classification, and the rest show elements of both, demonstrating a dynamic range of behavior that can change over time. Finally, we recommend how volcano monitoring could be improved through better coordination of available satellite‐based capabilities and new instruments.

Seth Stein, Jeffrey McDonnell and M Meghan Miller want us to talk more about scientific ethics in the real world – and have some suggestions about how to do it.

Abstract The 1911 Chon–Kemin (Kebin) earthquake culminated c. 30 years of remarkable earthquakes in the northern Tien Shan (Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan). Building on prior mapping of the event, we traced its rupture in the field and measured more than 50 offset landforms. Cumulative fault rupture length is >155–195 km along 13 fault patches comprising six sections. The patches are separated by changes of dip magnitude or dip direction, or by 4–10 km-wide stepovers. One <40 km section overlaps and is parallel to the main north-dipping rupture but is 7 km north and dips opposite (south). Both ends of the rupture are along mountain front thrust faults demonstrating late Quaternary activity. We computed the moment from each fault patch using the surface fault traces, dip inferred from the traces, 20 km seismogenic thickness, rigidity of 3.3×10 10 N m −2 and dip slip converted from our observations of the largely reverse sense of motion vertical offsets. The discontinuous patches with c. 3–4 m average slip and peak slip of <14 m yield a seismic moment of 4.6×10 20 Nm ( M w 7.78) to 7.4×10 20 Nm ( M w 7.91). The majority of moment was released along the inner eastern rupture segments. This geological moment is lower by a factor of 1.5 from that determined from teleseismic data.