US Night Vision (United States)

As cities confront the intensifying impacts of climate change, understanding human adaptive behaviour becomes increasingly important for urban resilience planning. This study provides the first empirical evidence of intra-day temporal behavioural adaptation to extreme heat across Australian cities. Using anonymised, large-scale bank card transaction data and daily temperature records in Melbourne, Sydney, and Adelaide, we provide evidence that extreme heat events (≥35 °C) drive substantial time-of-day shifts in consumer spending behaviour. Specifically, we find that daytime spending collapses (particularly between 12 p.m. and 6 p.m.) while night-time spending is more resilient and even increases before and after extreme heat days. This adaptive response unfolds in three phases–anticipation, suppression, and recovery–underscoring the role of time, not just space, in urban climate adaptation. This work shows that the night-time economy constitutes essential behavioural infrastructure for climate adaptation, warranting greater attention in the design of heat-resilient cities.

<p>This study assessed the teaching performance of Mathematics teachers, student motivation, and the academic performance of Grade nine students at a public high school in Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design. There were 248 respondents who were chosen to participate in the study through simple random sampling. The data gathered were treated using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that Mathematics teachers have very good performance in planning, development and results. Moreover, students demonstrated a high level of motivation towards learning Mathematics. However, most of them have only satisfactory performance in Mathematics. Notably, there was a significant weak positive relationship between teacher performance and students’ mathematics performance, at the same time, significant weak positive relationship between students’ motivation and Mathematics performance. These findings underscore the need for strategic interventions to further enhance Mathematics teaching and learning outcomes.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0856/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Abstract As cities confront the intensifying impacts of climate change, understanding human adaptive behaviour becomes increasingly important for urban resilience planning. This study provides the first empirical evidence of temporal behavioural adaptation to extreme heat across Australian cities. Using anonymised, large-scale bank card transaction data and daily temperature records in Melbourne, Sydney, and Adelaide, we provide evidence that extreme heat events (≥ 35°C) drive substantial time-of-day shifts in consumer spending behaviour. Specifically, we find that daytime spending collapses (particularly between 12pm and 6pm) while night-time spending is more resilient and even increases before and after extreme heat days. This adaptive response unfolds in three phases–anticipation, suppression, and recovery–underscoring the role of time, not just space, in urban climate adaptation. This work shows that the night-time economy constitutes essential behavioural infrastructure for climate adaptation, warranting greater attention in the design of heat-resilient cities.

The Jiangmen Underground Observatory (JUNO) is a 20-kton liquid scintillator detector that employs 20,012 20-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) as photon sensors, with 5,012 dynode-PMTs from HAMAMATSU Photonics K.K. (HPK), and 15,000 MCP-PMTs from North Night Vision Technology (NNVT) installed in pure water. JUNO aims to provide long-lasting and the best performance operation by utilizing a high-transparency liquid scintillator, high detection efficiency PMTs, and specially designed electronics including water-proof potting for the high voltage (HV) dividers of PMTs. In this paper, we present a summary of the design and optimization of HV dividers for both types of 20-inch PMTs, which includes collection efficiency, charge resolution, HV divider current, pulse shape, and maximum amplitude restriction. We have developed and finalized four schemes of the HV divider for different scenarios, including the final version selected by JUNO. All 20,012 20-inch PMTs have successfully undergone production and burning tests.

Abstract The Multiplexed Survey Telescope (MUST) project, led by Tsinghua University and located on Saishiteng Mountain in Qinghai Province, benefits from exceptional atmospheric seeing conditions. However, local dome seeing, which can be comparable to atmospheric seeing, necessitates careful management. This research, based on numerical simulations, focuses on optimizing the thermal insulation design of the spectrograph chamber at the dome base to prevent heat conduction to the dome layer, thereby mitigating dome seeing. A comprehensive multiphysics field coupling simulation was employed, integrating computational fluid dynamics (CFD), thermodynamics, and ray tracing. The CFD analysis utilizes the large eddy simulation model to perform three-dimensional transient simulations and to capture optical turbulence. Both forced and natural convection scenarios were considered in the convective heat transfer simulations, using tailored algorithms. Based on the flow and temperature field distributions, the refractive index field was derived, and gradient-index ray tracing was conducted through the optical system of MUST. The broadening of the point-spread function was used as a quantitative metric for evaluating dome seeing. This approach closely approximates real-world conditions, enhancing simulation accuracy. The results guided the optimization of the spectrograph chamber's thermal insulation design, demonstrating that implementing appropriate ventilation between the dome and spectrograph chamber can effectively block heat transfer, ensuring dome seeing remains within a reasonable range and preserving the observational capabilities of MUST.

The study aims to determine the sociolinguistic competence level of the multilingual Grade 10 learners at Buhisan Night High School for the Academic Year 2024-2025. Terogo et al. (2018), stated that even though students have been shown to gain exceptional grades in English subjects, they fall short in sociolinguistic competence since it is not practiced more often in the Philippines. Thus, assessing sociolinguistic competence is important as well as addressing the low-level sociolinguistic competency of the learners through an action plan. A descriptive quantitative research method was used to determine the sociolinguistic competence level of the multilingual 48 student-respondents. The researcher adapted a TOIEC test and used a researcher-made questionnaire to assess the learners’ sociolinguistic competence. A weighted average mean was used to determine their proficiency and sociolinguistic competence level. Based on the results of the study, situational judgment got the highest rank while reading comprehension got the lowest rank in terms of the learners’ proficiency level. However, the study revealed that the respondents got a general weighted average of 15.83 which means that the respondents’ sociolinguistic competence level is under “Basic Sociolinguistic Competence” which is below the passing rate with a percentage of 58.63. The study recommends enhancing students’ sociolinguistic competence through the integration of sociolinguistic competence in language teaching through enhancement activities and exercises such as role-playing, dialogues and situational exercises, and future researchers may use the findings as a basis for future research or conduct related studies to enhance the sociolinguistic competence of Filipino multilingual learners.