Ukrainian Catholic University

Neuroimaging plays a central role in modern neuroanatomy education and neurological diagnosis, yet its roots trace back to the foundational era of X-ray technology. This article examines the historical trajectory of early X-ray methods, with particular focus on the pioneering, though often overlooked, contributions of Johann Puluj. Although early X-rays could not image the brain or spinal cord, they enabled detailed imaging of the skull and vertebral column, structures essential to neuroanatomical understanding. Puluj's innovations, including the use of an inclined anticathode, led to high-quality skeletal radiographs, such as the first published full-body X-ray of a stillborn infant taken on February 2, 1896, and published in the Prague newspaper on February 11 and in a British professional journal in April of the same year. These images laid the groundwork for radiographic anatomy and served as early teaching tools in medical education. By correlating skeletal changes with neurological conditions such as increased intracranial pressure, neurofibromatosis, or congenital malformations, plain radiographs established the early logic of clinical neuroimaging. The conceptual frameworks they introduced for understanding neuroanatomy, for teaching its principles, and for applying them in clinical practice were subsequently expanded by the advent of more advanced dynamic radiographic techniques. Recognizing Puluj's pioneering contributions to the history of X-ray discovery not only restores accuracy to the scientific record but also emphasizes the lasting educational significance of early imaging practices. This study highlights the importance of incorporating historical perspectives into neuroanatomy curricula to enrich learners' appreciation of modern imaging techniques and their foundational origins.

Peroxisomes are dynamic organelles involved in multiple metabolic pathways that respond to cellular and environmental conditions. Yeasts are a useful model for peroxisome studies, as their growth in media containing peroxisome proliferators, such as methanol, induces peroxisome biogenesis. We analyzed Ogataea polymorpha strains defective in peroxisome biogenesis (pex3Δ) or peroxisomal matrix protein import (pex6Δ). The mutant strains differed in their ability to survive dehydration and rehydration after incubation in peroxisome-inducing conditions, but these differences were not related to resistance to oxidative, hyperosmotic, or heat stress. These results indicate that peroxisomes support efficient entry into anhydrobiosis and subsequent recovery through a mechanism that is independent of general stress tolerance. We hypothesized that this effect is mediated by autophagic processes required for the removal of damaged organelles during desiccation. To test this hypothesis, we compared cells with basal peroxisome levels to cells with increased peroxisome numbers following the induction of peroxisome division. Autophagy was inhibited indirectly by disrupting vacuolar acidification with ammonium chloride. This strategy enabled us to explore how the peroxisome abundance and autophagic activity affect the ability of cells to enter anhydrobiosis and survive recovery.

The local implementation team (LIT) in Chervonohrad (now Sheptytskyi) was launched in January 2020 with support from the Mental Health for Ukraine project and the Implemental Worldwide Community Interest Company. This paper highlights the core activities, challenges and outcomes of the LIT. Feedback from those involved suggests that, despite major nationwide challenges experienced in Ukraine, the LIT improved local understanding of mental health needs, established referral pathways and fostered effective intersectoral collaboration. This experience suggests that LITs can play a crucial role in improving community mental health during times of crisis, by providing flexible coordination.

This paper examines the evolving use of military-related feminine personal nouns in Ukrainian, driven by the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war (since 2014), with roots traced back to World War II and World War I. Using data from the Web Dictionary of Ukrainian Feminine Personal Nouns (r2u.org.ua, 2022) and the General Regionally Annotated Corpus of Ukrainian (GRAC), the study analyzes 132 feminine terms for military roles, comparing them with Soviet-era entries from the 11-volume dictionary of the Ukrainian language (SUM-11, 1970–1980) and Ukrainian periodicals. A diachronic corpus analysis of Ukrainian media discourse reveals a sixfold increase in the frequency of feminine terms used in military reference since 2013 and a threefold growth in their diversity, signaling significant linguistic adaptation. Their comparative analysis with corresponding masculine forms shows a clear trend toward both gender parity and de-Russification. The traditionally masculinized and Russified military sector is undergoing significant feminization in the media, reflecting efforts toward de-Russification and the promotion of gender parity and inclusivity in language – developments that carry clear decolonial implications.

This article examines the efforts of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC) to foster ecumenical dialogue and secure Orthodox participation at the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), focusing on the years 1959–1965. Despite sustained episcopal diplomacy, the UGCC’s aspirations for unity with Ukrainian Orthodoxy proved structurally impossible due to deep-seated historical and institutional resistance from Orthodox hierarchs. Key challenges included the Orthodox suspicions of the Council, the controversy over Moscow Patriarchate observers, and the eventual rejection of an invitation to send observers, even after the unauthorized visit of one hierarch, Archbishop Mstyslav Skrypnyk, underscored the internal divisions within Ukrainian Orthodoxy. The study reveals a profound asymmetry in ecclesial memory that prevented Greek Catholic calls for unity from taking root in Orthodox consciousness. Article history: Received 25.11.2025; Revised 2.12.2025; Accepted 5.12.2025.Available online: 22.12.2025; Available print: 30.01.2026.

The article examines the educational competencies of the monks of the Pidkamin Dominican Convent based on the recorded forms of personal attestation of entries in the Book of Professions. The analysis shows, that 20% of the Dominicans in this convent did not use Latin but used Polish. Another 4,5% were analphabets, as evidenced by their inability to sign and atest the record with an equal-armed cross. This is also indicated by the accompanying notes about the inability to write for certain individuals. The study focuses on the Book of Professions itself, tracing the chronology and mechanisms of its compilation, the features of the record forms, and its potential as a historical source.It was established that all analphabets persons without exception were conversi, and the formation of this category of Dominicans in the community was traced. Special attention was given to the issues of affiliation of illiterate candidates: their geographical, and partly social origin; features of the probationary period or novitiate (cases of completing a three-year novitiate were identified, which we consider to be a general disregard for the norms established by general chapters regarding the maximum period of two years). Special attention was paid to the age characteristics of analphabets: age of entry into the community, length of service as: time of service, lifespan. It was found that conversi were not very mobile, often did not change their place of service at all.The article further analyzes the features of the spiritual and educational formations of analphabets in the Pidkamin Convent. It is found that conversi typically acquired their education prior to taking religious vows; afterward, they engaged primarily in manual labor within the monastery. Thus, the entry of an analphabets in the Book of Professions is rather a statement of fact. The Dominican educational model was separately traced, which made it possible to assert that the educational studies conducted in the Pidkamin Convent were aimed at other categories of Dominicans, and, therefore, it was stated that the Order, although limiting the number of illiterate conversi, still tolerated this category of Dominicans. Thus, analphabets constituted a small but integral part of the Dominican community in the Pidkamin convent during the 17th–18th centuries.

The article examines the incomplete institutionalization of the cult of the Terebovlia Icon of the Virgin Mary within the St George’s cathedral in Lviv between 1673 and the 1770s. Methodologically, the study draws on the history of piety, concepts of sacred representation, and image mobility, distinguishing strategies of institutionalization (spatial anchoring, liturgical regularity, visual standardization) and material markers of devotion, above all the system of gifts/votives. The source base includes the inventories of 1719 and the 1730s, the 1717 confraternity statute, and court records from the 1760s–1770s.The article shows that Bishop Yosyf Shumlianskyi’s initiatives triggered sacralization (chapel/altar, confraternity, liturgy, visual marking) and generated a votive economy around the icon: lamps, vestments, silver adornments, precious textiles. Analysis of the composition and value of donations reveals the scale and social profile of the community gathering before the image, as well as the temporal dynamics of its support. Yet the project remained personalized and dependent on the bishop’s initiative; after his death, sustained institutional continuity did not emerge, and donations ceased to build the «critical mass» of public presence. The lawsuits of the later eighteenth century were the final stage of this trajectory, shifting the contest into the legal arena and underscoring limited institutional capacity. In this context, the visual narrative played a compensatory role in sustaining memory and visibility, without substituting for a broader cult infrastructure.