Union County College

En un contexto nacional y regional atravesado por el fortalecimiento de discursos conservadores que desacreditan los estudios de género, desfinancian políticas públicas y criminalizan activismos, este dossier de la revista Pelícano se presenta como una apuesta colectiva por sostener, visibilizar y amplificar las producciones académicas que, desde diversas disciplinas, abordan las intersecciones entre género(s), sexualidad(es),derechos, creencias, educación y justicia.

Hate speech has emerged as a major problem plaguing our social spaces today. While there have been significant efforts to address this problem, existing methods are still significantly limited in effectively detecting hate speech online. A major limitation of existing methods is that hate speech detection is a highly contextual problem, and these methods cannot fully capture the context of hate speech to make accurate predictions. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance in several natural language tasks. LLMs have undergone extensive training using vast amounts of natural language data, enabling them to grasp intricate contextual details. Hence, they could be used as knowledge bases for context-aware hate speech detection. However, a fundamental problem with using LLMs to detect hate speech is that there are no studies on effectively prompting LLMs for context-aware hate speech detection. In this study, we conduct a large-scale study of hate speech detection, employing five established hate speech datasets. We discover that LLMs not only match but often surpass the performance of current benchmark machine learning models in identifying hate speech. By proposing four diverse prompting strategies that optimize the use of LLMs in detecting hate speech. Our study reveals that a meticulously crafted reasoning prompt can effectively capture the context of hate speech by fully utilizing the knowledge base in LLMs, significantly outperforming existing techniques. Furthermore, although LLMs can provide a rich knowledge base for the contextual detection of hate speech, suitable prompting strategies play a crucial role in effectively leveraging this knowledge base for efficient detection.

Abstract Introduction/Objective Although several studies have reported abnormal MCV values and anemia associated with malaria infections with a focus on P. falciparum among patients with complicated and uncomplicated malaria. This study assessed the association between asymptomatic P. falciparum malaria infection, anemia, and the MCV values of school children in Ghana. Methods/Case Report We conducted a cross-sectional study using 3 ml of blood samples from 549 children aged 5- 17 years attending 5 schools selected in the Volta Region. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to the children to obtain demographic data. Blood samples were collected into a K2EDTA tube and then used to estimate the children’s automated full blood count (FBC) and malaria status using microscopy. MCV was classified into low, normal, and high. Data obtained were analyzed using STATA 15 software. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) Most of the children in this study (49.9%) had normal MCV (81.3-91.3 fL) with an overall malaria prevalence of 55.6 % (95% CI: 51.3-59.8) and anemia prevalence of 48.6% (95% CI 44.4-52.9). The majority of the anemic children had normal MCV (81.3-91.3 fL) (49.8, 95% CI 43.7-56.0). The predicted probability of malaria was highly likely among children whose MCV fell within the first and third quartiles. Conclusion This study shows a reduced predicted probability of malaria among children with low and high MCV, playing a protective function against malaria. Further studies are required to elucidate the association and interaction between MCV, anemia, and asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection.

In 2022, the European Commission adopted the REPower EU package which proposes to further increase the 2030 target for renewables from 40 % to 45 % and revise the Renewable Energy Directive to accelerate permitting. Moreover, the European Offshore Renewable Energy Strategy estimates to have an installed capacity of at least 60 GW of offshore wind and at least 1 GW of ocean energy by 2030, reaching 300 GW and 40 GW of installed capacity, respectively, by 2050, which would require less than 3% of the European maritime space.
 The marine environment is an ecosystem that supports a set of uses and human activities, contributing to economic and social development. Most of the uses and activities require the use of maritime space, either temporarily or permanently, increasing the potential for conflict with existing and traditional marine uses. The European Directive 2014/89/UE establishes a framework for marine spatial planning (MSP) and requires the competent authorities in each Member State to develop national maritime spatial plans, analysing and organizing human activities in marine areas, applying ecosystem-based approach, involving stakeholders, in order to achieve ecological, economic and social objectives. Moreover, this MSP framework not only intends to mitigate possible present and future spatial conflicts but also contemplates the emerging sectors and the most recent technological development in the sea. 
 In the context of the EU-funded SAFEWave project (https://www.safewave-project.eu/), the different National Maritime Spatial Plans in Europe and how the Marine Renewable Energies (MRE) have been considered or integrated in different national plans have been analysed (i.e. Spain, France, Ireland, Portugal and United Kingdom). The outcome of this analysis has identified: (i) the approaches to implementation of MSP plans vary by country and sometimes within countries; (ii) differences in the stakeholder or public involvement in MSP (ii) differences in national MRE targets; (ii) different strategies and priorities for raising the issue of MRE within the national MSP; (iii) for which countries MREs are strategics in their national plans; (iv) conflicts with other uses (i.e. Marine Protected Areas), and mechanisms to solve them; (vi) technical, socio-economic and environmental factors considered for MRE polygons identification in national MSP; (vii) the development of national MSP requires a review of the authorization or concession procedures for the allocation or reservation of areas for MREs. 
 Ultimately, comparing the integration of national plans for marine renewable energy (MRE) into national marine spatial plans (MSP) can inform and guide management strategies, legislation, and policies to support management actions and efficiently plan future MRE deployments.

The control of asymptomatic malaria is considered a key aspect of malaria control. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and perception of asymptomatic malaria among people in Ho municipality of the Volta region. A descriptive cross-sectional study involving questionnaire administration was conducted among randomly sampled residents of the Ho municipality of the Volta region of Ghana. Using SPSS version 25 statistical software, frequency distributions and proportions were computed for sociodemographic variables while knowledge and perception about asymptomatic malaria were computed into percentages and categorized into three levels based on Bloom's cut-off for further analysis. Findings with p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Among the 200 participants, 197 (98.5%) were aware of malaria. The majority (116 [58.0%]) of the study participants agreed to the possibility of asymptomatic infection, but most (133 [66.5%]) of the community members did not know that asymptomatic individuals can still transmit infections. The majority of the participants (184 [92.0%]) showed interest in getting further education on asymptomatic malaria and a significant majority (180 [90.0%]) expressed a willingness to take treatment after testing positive without showing any symptoms. Asymptomatic malaria control can be achieved through a mass testing and treatment strategy, therefore improving the knowledge and perception about asymptomatic malaria might improve malaria control.

&lt;abstract&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Background&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;Food allergies are adverse reactions to a specific food antigen which is mediated by immunological mechanisms and are fast rising to become a significant public health concern. Around 1% of the world's adult population suffers from food allergies. The prevalence of food allergies which can be life-threatening is commonly estimated to affect 3–5% of the adult population in North America.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Objectives&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;The purpose of this study is to review published food allergy knowledge and training amongst food service workers and identify the policies in place concerning food allergies globally.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Methodology&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;Documented food service workers' knowledge and training about food allergies published between September 2006 and February 2021 were comprehensively reviewed. A widespread literature search was carried out using subject headings, search terms, and keywords. Results were examined in groups to explore patterns through research.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Results&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;A total of 18 relevant studies that analyzed the food allergies knowledge and training of food service workers were reviewed. Eight studies (44%) were performed in the USA, followed by two studies (11%) in the UK, and one study each (5%) for New Zealand, Turkey, Malaysia, France, Western Romania, Germany, Brazil, and Canada. In the studies, respondents were asked a series of questions to assess their level of knowledge and the types of training relating to food allergies they received.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Conclusions&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;This study identified the gaps in policy, as well as knowledge and training among food service workers, to manage food allergies safely, thus emphasizing the importance and need for food allergy training.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;/abstract&gt;

ACCEPT extends to multiple different geographical and social contexts around Europe, including 4 countries and hundreds of directly involved pilot users. To this end, it is highly important to incorporates ethical aspects in all stages of the research, such as design, development and validation. Confronting these matters at an initial project phase through the definition of a concrete ethics and data management framework will enable the development of innovative technologies while adhering to RRI principles. A multitude of aspects that are adjacent to ethics revolve are analysed in the document, such as data collection, data protection, transparency and privacy. In parallel the national regulatory framework around data management and pilot participant information requirements are laid out. The processes regarding the ACCEPT living lab set-up are described and an initial preview of the cybersecurity provisions is presented. All ethical aspects involved in the community engagement will be followed, including prosumer recruitment with transparency and a strict non-discrimination policy as well as data treatment with the utmost confidentiality. The right to information will be respected as the pilot responsible partners are in charge of analysing the ACCEPT concept to the local stakeholders in the local language and using layman language in order ensure proper understanding. A signed consent form hardcopy will confirm the voluntary participation and acknowledgement of each pilot user. The principles of data minimisation will hedge the risk of non-essential data collection and of accidental exposure of personal data (shadow data). Special attention will be paid to the anonymisation/ pseudonymisation procedures and to an elaborate user management through the proper authentication, authorisation and encryption to guarantee secure access to data. Finally, the deliverable presents the ACCEPT gender equity plan covering both the consortium but also the living lab participants. The equity plan will be further enriched through the course of the project.

Omicron, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant that is now spreading across the world, is the most altered version to emerge so far, with mutations comparable to changes reported in earlier variants of concern linked with increased transmissibility and partial resistance to vaccine-induced immunity. This article provides an overview of the SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron (B.1.1.529) by reviewing the literature from major scientific databases. Although clear immunological and clinical data are not yet available, we extrapolated from what is known about mutations present in the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 and offer preliminary indications on transmissibility, severity, and immune escape through existing research and databases.

Problems to Ponder provides 28 varying, classroom-ready mathematics problems that collectively span PK–12, arranged in the order of the grade level. Answers to the problems are available online. Individuals are encouraged to submit a problem or a collection of problems directly to mtlt@nctm.org. If published, the authors of problems will be acknowledged.