Universidad Andrés Bello

• Median nerve variants within the carpal tunnel have a pooled prevalence of 12%. • Bifid median nerve is the most frequently reported morphological variant. • No consistent association was found between anatomical variants and carpal tunnel syndrome. • Coexisting vascular or muscular anomalies may influence surgical complexity. • Preoperative imaging may aid anatomical identification, although clinical benefit remains uncertain. Anatomical variants of the median nerve (MN) within the carpal tunnel are clinically relevant due to their potential impact on the development, diagnosis, and surgical management of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Reported prevalence estimates vary considerably across populations and study designs. To systematically review the literature and estimate the pooled prevalence of morphological variants of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel, and to assess their laterality, geographic distribution, and reported clinical implications. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and LILACS were searched from inception to November 2024. Google Scholar was used for supplementary screening of gray literature. Observational studies reporting the prevalence of MN variants identified through imaging, surgical exploration, or anatomical dissection were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Anatomical Quality Assessment (AQUA) tool. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using a random-effects model (DerSimonian–Laird) with Freeman–Tukey double arcsine transformation. Sixty-three studies met eligibility criteria for qualitative synthesis, and 19 studies (n = 9,045 subjects) were included in the primary meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of MN variants within the carpal tunnel was 12% (95% CI: 9–15%), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 87%). Subgroup analysis showed similar prevalence in imaging-based studies (12%, 95% CI: 9–15%; I² = 87.8%). No clear laterality predominance was observed (right: 46%, 95% CI: 40–52%; I² = 0.0%; left: 53%, 95% CI: 48–59%; I² = 0.0%), whereas bilateral presentation demonstrated greater variability (21%, 95% CI: 6–36%; I² = 90.6%). Geographic subgroup analysis showed pooled prevalence estimates of 22% in Asia (95% CI: 13–31%; I² = 92.6%), 20% in Europe (95% CI: 14–27%; I² = 79.2%), and 18% in America (95% CI: 16–20%; I² = 19.4%). Morphological variants of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel are relatively common anatomical findings. Current evidence does not support their role as independent risk factors for CTS; however, their coexistence with vascular or muscular anomalies may influence local anatomical relationships and surgical complexity. Preoperative imaging may facilitate anatomical identification and surgical planning, although its impact on clinical outcomes and intraoperative complications remains uncertain and requires further prospective investigation.

Abstract We report a multi-epoch V-band campaign (2021–2023) with uniform processing and a common 550 km normalisation across Starlink generations. Median magnitudes (68% confidence intervals; N in brackets) are: v1.0: 5.365,[5.084,5.553] (34), Gen-2: 6.012,[5.801,6.173] (6), v1.5: 6.106,[6.065,6.154] (164), VisorSat: 6.618,[6.403,6.804] (54), DarkSat: 8.431,[5.916,10.947] (2). This yields the ordering v1.0 < Gen-2 ≲ v1.5 < VisorSat ≪ DarkSat, i.e. mitigation-era designs are typically fainter than the original v1.0. The Gen-2–v1.5 difference is small (0.094,mag) and Gen-2 has limited coverage (N = 6), so the trend is not strictly monotonic. We use an open, Python-based processing pipeline built on astropy for standard image calibration (bias, dark and flat-field correction), astrometric and photometric calibration against Gaia DR3, and derivation of the viewing geometry (solar phase angle, range, elongation and airmass). Satellite tracks are identified from TLE-based ephemerides, matched to the detections, and then used to measure a brightness value for each track in a reproducible way. At a common height, the medians are 5.37 (v1.0), 6.01 (Gen-2), 6.11 (v1.5), 6.62 (VisorSat) and 8.43 (DarkSat; N = 2), which are ∼0.4–1.6 mag brighter (numerically smaller) than the target of V ≈ 7. Thus, mitigation shows clear progress but does not yet meet the IAU CPS/SATCON goal of V ≥ 7 at ∼550 km. These benchmarks can guide future satellite designs, survey planning and avoidance strategies, with the main uncertainties arising from the very small samples for DarkSat and Gen-2.

La educación jurídica chilena enfrenta un proceso de reconfiguración derivado de las transformaciones tecnológicas, la expansión del sistema universitario y las crecientes expectativas sociales respecto del rol profesional del abogado. En este escenario, la educación clínica del Derecho se ha consolidado como una metodología activa orientada a la formación experiencial, no obstante, su implementación temprana ha generado tensiones epistemológicas con la tradición dogmática que históricamente ha sustentado el aprendizaje del Derecho. Este artículo sostiene que la educación clínica solo puede alcanzar una función formativa significativa cuando se inserta en un marco curricular progresivo basado en una sólida construcción conceptual previa. A partir de modelos teóricos educativos, doctrina y análisis del contexto chileno, se propone que la praxis clínica debe subordinarse a un desarrollo dogmático estricto inicial para evitar aprendizajes fragmentados, operativos y carentes de fundamento teórico, proponiendo un modelo determinado en la materia.

Eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) impairs muscle function and recovery. While omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation has shown promise in mitigating EIMD, the role of their oxidation products (oxylipins) remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of 8-week n-3 PUFA supplementation on muscle recovery and its relationship with blood oxylipin profiles after EIMD in healthy men. Eighteen participants were randomly assigned into two groups: OMEGA (n = 9 28.0 ± 2.5 y; 2.5 g/d of DHA and 0.5 g/d of EPA) and PLACEBO (n = 9 21.4 ± 0.6 y; maltodextrin). Participants performed one bout of 100 unilateral isokinetic eccentric maximal voluntary contractions of the knee extensor muscles before and after an 8-week supplementation period. N-3 PUFA supplementation augmented plasma EPA- and DHA-derived oxylipins (p < 0.05) in the OMEGA group, which showed an attenuation of peak muscle maximum voluntary contraction loss (-15.4 ± 5.2%; p = 0.05) post-exercise compared to the PLACEBO group (1.3 ± 6.0%). There were no differences in muscles soreness between groups. Multivariate analyses identified body fat percentage and specific n-3 and n-6 PUFA-derived oxylipins as predictors of MVC loss after EIMD. In conclusion, the increased plasma levels of n-3 PUFA derived oxylipins following supplementation suggest a possible role for these lipid mediators in promoting muscle recovery.

Handgrip strength (HGS) has been considered as an indicator of muscle strength and overall physical fitness, with increasing relevance in sports science for talent identification and performance monitoring. However, no bibliometric study has been conducted to map the HGS research landscape in athletic contexts. A bibliometric analysis was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection database, retrieving 229 publications. Typical bibliometric laws (i.e., Price's, Bradford's, Lotka's, and Zipf's) were employed to analyze publication trends, core journals, influential authors, country contributions, and keyword co-occurrences. Annual publications increased exponentially, especially after 2019, reaching 37 documents in 2024. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research and Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness were the most prominent journals. The United States and Spain led in productivity and impact. Key research themes included strength, performance, body composition, and physical fitness, with HGS demonstrating significant associations with sport tasks such as throwing, racquet sports, and weightlifting. HGS constitutes an accessible and valuable tool for assessing and predicting athletic performance, especially in sports requiring upper body strength and coordination. Future research should aim to expand database inclusion and address identified gaps, such as the relationship between HGS training and sport-specific outcomes.

The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy and inter-account consistency of two Google Gemini-powered, user-facing workflows for dental trauma decision support: standalone Gemini chat and NotebookLM, a document-grounded workflow that generates responses grounded in uploaded European Society of Endodontology and International Association of Dental Traumatology guideline documents, when answering dichotomous (yes/no) clinical questions on the management of traumatized permanent teeth. A cross-sectional simulation was conducted using 99 dichotomous (yes/no) questions derived from the European Society of Endodontology and International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines. Three academic endodontists submitted each question to Gemini and NotebookLM using three independent Google accounts, generating 297 responses per workflow. Accuracy was defined as exact agreement with guideline-based answers, and consistency as the proportion of identical responses across the three trials. Statistical analyses included Wald and Wilson 95% confidence intervals, Fleiss' kappa for inter-account agreement, and Pearson's chi-squared tests to compare proportions. Gemini demonstrated an overall accuracy of 83.83% (95% CI: 75.08-90.47) and a consistency of 74.74% (κ = 0.84). NotebookLM showed higher accuracy (92.93%; 95% CI: 85.97-97.11) and perfect consistency (100%; κ = 1.00). While the difference in accuracy did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.076), NotebookLM exhibited significantly greater consistency (p < 0.001). The responses generated from the guidelines were highly consistent with both workflows. Document grounding may enhance repeatability and alignment with guideline-derived decision points for structured dichotomous inquiries, as evidenced by NotebookLM's ability to achieve complete inter-account consistency and to quantitatively increase accuracy. These results are the outcome of workflow-level benchmarking; therefore, clinical utility cannot be inferred solely from them; professional oversight and additional validation remain necessary before any clinical application.

To establish surface ECG reference intervals for adult chickens of noncommercial breeds. This was a prospective study performed from June 2024 through April 2025 including healthy adult chickens (n = 138) of variable body size, sex, and breed with normal echocardiographic findings. All chickens were sedated with butorphanol (2 mg/kg) and midazolam (2 mg/kg) IM. A standard 6-lead surface ECG was recorded with chickens gently restrained in a "seated" position. For each recording, standard lead II amplitudes, intervals, and durations were later measured on 3 to 5 consecutive sinus beats by a single observer. Using nonparametric methods, 95% reference intervals were determined, with the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles (90% CI) serving as the lower and upper limits, respectively. An underlying normal sinus rhythm was present in all recordings. In lead II, P waves were positive, rS waves were negative, and T waves were positive in all individuals. The P-on-T phenomenon was observed at least once in 26% of chickens and was correlated with higher heart rate. Body weight was negatively correlated with presedation heart rate and mean electrical axis and positively correlated with P- and r-wave amplitudes. ECG reference intervals for noncommercial chickens placed in a "seated" position were established. The keeping of companion chicken flocks has recently grown in popularity, increasing the demand for advanced veterinary care. The clinical utility of ECG is currently limited by a lack of established reference intervals for adult chickens of noncommercial breeds.

Edwardsiella anguillarum is an emerging aquaculture pathogen responsible for economic losses across several cultured fish species. This study reports the isolation, identification, and characterisation of four isolates recovered from two infectious outbreaks in farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Mexico. In 2021 and 2022, mortalities events occurred at two aquaculture facilities located in Querétaro and Estado de México, where affected fish exhibited clinical signs including skin darkening, ataxia, erratic swimming, haemorrhages at the operculum base, and scale loss. Internally, ascites and small nodules in the spleen and liver were observed. Bacteriological cultures from infected spleen tissue yielded four isolates, all conclusively identified as E. anguillarum through phenotypic, genetic, and phylogenomic analyses, clustering with the type strain E. anguillarum ET080813T, differentiating them from other Edwardsiella species. Draft genome sizes are approximately 4.12 Mbp, with GC contents of about 58.8%. Comparative genomics revealed near-clonal relatedness among isolates, with Average Nucleotide Identity based on BLAST (ANIb) values > 99.98% and identified 49 to 77 putative genomic islands enriched in mobility and virulence-associated genes. Pathogenicity tests using isolate S-002-23 resulted in mean cumulative mortality of 97% and 53% at 1.3 × 106 and 3.7 × 104 CFU/fish, respectively. Infected tilapia displayed clinical signs and necrotising granulomas typical of edwardsiellosis. These findings expand the known geographic distribution of E. anguillarum, confirming its virulence and genomic plasticity, and suggesting a potential impact on tilapia aquaculture.

The COVID-19 pandemic left numerous patients with post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) that resulted in prolonged physical and health impairment. Compared to standard rehabilitation (STD REHAB), eccentric cycling (ECC) has lower cardiopulmonary demands while inducing greater functional performance improvements after training, which could be ideal for individuals with PICS. To compare the effects of eight weeks of ECC versus STD REHAB on functional performance and quality of life of patients after hospitalization. Randomised crossover design study (clinicaltrial.gov: NCT06895850). Twenty survivors of the COVID-19 infection (50.8 ± 8.8 years old) recruited six months after hospitalization were involved. Participants were initially randomized into ECC (n = 10) or STD REHAB (n = 10). Both groups trained for eight weeks, rested for two weeks, and performed the crossover with the remaining training modality. Exercise time was 20-30 min for ECC and 60 min for STD REHAB. Cardiopulmonary demand was measured during training. Body composition, whole-body manual and handgrip strength, functional performance (6-min walking test; 6MWT, timed up and go; TUG, 1-min sit to stand), cognitive (MoCa and Barthel Index), and quality of life and symptoms (QoL; Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ and Post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale; PCFS) were measured before and after interventions. Cardiopulmonary demand during training was lesser during STD REHAB than ECC. All variables improved after both interventions, but ECC showed larger improvements in 6MWT, TUG, and Barthel Index compared to STD REHAB. Eccentric cycling training induced greater functional and cognitive improvements than standard rehabilitation.