Universidad Central de Chile

Resumen: Este manuscrito examina la complejidad creciente de la ciberadiccin, un fenmeno cada vez ms normalizado socialmente pero aun insuficientemente investigado y regulado.La ciberadiccin comparte rasgos con otras formas de dependencia, al surgir de experiencias de placer inmediato que pueden transformarse en necesidad.Desde una perspectiva multidisciplinaria, el texto analiza factores histricos, familiares, neurobiolgicos y sociotcnicos que contribuyen a su desarrollo, destacando el papel del placer digital y de las arquitecturas tecnolgicas diseadas para captar y retener la atencin del usuario.Asimismo, se abordan los dilemas ticos asociados a su conceptualizacin, interrogando si la ciberadiccin constituye un trastorno autnomo o una manifestacin de transformaciones ms amplias en la relacin humana con la tecnologa.El manuscrito profundiza en tensiones vinculadas a autonoma, vulnerabilidad, responsabilidad corporativa y privacidad, proponiendo un enfoque que reconoce la complejidad moral del ecosistema digital contemporneo.En conjunto, el trabajo articula aportes de la neurociencia, la psicologa, la biotica y los estudios sociotcnicos para ofrecer una comprensin integrada del fenmeno.Se plantea la necesidad de equilibrar los beneficios del uso intensivo de tecnologas con los riesgos asociados, promoviendo prcticas que favorezcan un uso saludable, crtico y ticamente responsable.En sntesis, se sita la ciberadiccin como un desafo emergente de la era digital.

Abstract The growing presence of digital systems in higher education has reshaped how students engage with academic technologies, exposing them to new forms of technology‑related strain. In this study, we examine technostress among university students in Costa Rica and validate a refined three‑factor structure of the Technostress Scale for University Students (TS4US). A total of 279 students participated in a cross sectional survey, and the 19 item scale was analyzed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses using polychoric correlations and robust estimation methods. The resulting model demonstrated solid psychometric properties and achieved robust goodness‑of‑fit indicators. Its three dimensions, Perceived Technological Overload and Complexity, Lack of Social Support for the Use of Information Technologies, and Insufficient Institutional Support and Digital Culture, capture the multidimensional nature of technostress in digitally mediated learning environments. Sociodemographic analyses indicated that contextual and organizational variables, particularly educational journey and employment status, were more strongly associated with technostress than individual demographic characteristics. The results underscore that technostress is shaped by broader organizational conditions and emphasize the role of institutional practices in fostering healthier digital learning environments. The study expands regional evidence on the TS4US and underscores the need to integrate human centered strategies into sustainable digital transformation processes in higher education.

The rapid digital transformation of education systems has profoundly changed teachers' working conditions, intensified administrative demands, and highlighted territorial and organizational inequalities. In this context, understanding how these dynamics influence teacher engagement is essential for promoting healthy educational organizations. This study examined the factor structure of the UWES-17 and analyzed the relationship between engagement levels and sociodemographic variables in a sample of 314 elementary school teachers from four regions of Chile. Descriptive analyses, exploratory factor analysis with polychoric correlations and unweighted least squares, and confirmatory factor analysis using robust ULS and the Hull method were performed. The results showed a robust two-factor structure-Inspired Vitality and Challenging Commitment-with excellent fit indices. Freeman-Halton exact tests showed that Inspired Vitality was significantly associated with age, gender, region, location, administrative dependency, and professional experience, while Challenging Commitment was associated with gender, region, context, and professional experience. These findings indicate that teacher engagement is influenced by both structural inequalities and individual trajectories. The results underscore the need to strengthen organizational resources, regulate digital intensification, and reduce territorial gaps to promote teacher well-being.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents a major challenge in neurological development research and is receiving increasing attention from the pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences. Despite this constant growth, there is no document that provides a comprehensive overview integrating publication trends, key contributors, and thematic developments, allowing efforts to be focused on specific areas. Objective: To conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of pharmacological research related to ASD published between 2001 and 2025. Methods: The database obtained contains 1170 articles indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database in the JCR Pharmacy and Pharmacology category. Bibliometric indicators such as publication growth, h-index, authorship, institutional and national productivity, and keyword co-occurrence were analyzed using VOSviewer and the laws of Price, Bradford, Zipf, and Lotka. Results: A total of 1170 documents were analyzed, showing an exponential increase in pharmacological research related to ASD over the last two decades. The United States, China, and Italy emerged as the most productive countries, while King Saud University, Harvard Medical School, and The Ohio State University were among the leading institutions. The most frequently cited keywords, such as “autism spectrum disorder,” “valproic acid,” “oxidative stress,” and “flavonoids,” revealed a translational approach linking neurobiological mechanisms, redox imbalance, and therapeutic interventions. Contemporary research emphasizes immuno–synaptic interactions, microbiota, and biomarker-guided approaches. Conclusions: This study highlights the global expansion and diversification of pharmacological research in ASD. The results underscore a shift toward integrated biological frameworks and precision-oriented strategies, reinforcing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to advance translational outcomes in ASD therapy.

ABSTRACT In order to broaden the discussion of labour agency constraints to include nature as a shaping force, this research examines how ecological crises affect labour agency in the Chilean salmon industry. The study uses a path‐dependence methodology to provide an analysis of shifts in power resources. It concludes that the need to expand the commodity frontier following changes in production conditions due to crises forces capital to adapt its production processes and thus changes the structural conditions of labour agency. Workers must therefore adapt their strategies and actions. Specifically, associational power declined due to layoffs and the introduction of flexible contracts, leading to union depoliticisation. Societal power weakened as unions became more distanced from civil society. Institutional power was affected by a decline in legal mobilisation, and structural power by demands for specialised workers. These changes highlight the need for labour movements to integrate environmental concerns into their agendas.

El artículo analiza el deber de confidencialidad en la Administración del Estado, sus bases y alcances, su relación con la probidad y los cambios que introduce en la materia la Ley N° 21.719.

Smart farming integrates digital technologies to optimize agricultural production and promote sustainability. Its impact depends both on technological development and adoption by farmers. Research shows significant progress, but technical and socio-behavioral gaps remain, requiring integrated approaches to strengthen its contribution to the SDGs. In this context, scientific research on smart farming has grown significantly, becoming a key axis for the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The aim of this study was to analyze the evolution, structure, and impact of scientific production in smart farming, identifying its main trends, authors, journals, and contributions to the SDGs. To this end, a bibliometric analysis was applied to 1580 articles indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database, using productivity, citation, and impact indicators based on Price’s, Lotka’s, Bradford’s, and Zipf’s laws, as well as the Hirsch index. The results reveal important growth in scientific production between 2014 and 2024, with a strong concentration in high-impact journals and international collaboration networks. In conclusion, smart farming represents an engine of innovation and sustainability, integrating science, technology, and digital management to address the global challenges of food security, climate change, and sustainable development.

The aim of this article is to analyze the implementation and role of legislation, as well as promotion and research agencies, in the recent development of South Korea's cultural and creative industries, and to explore how this experience can provide strategic insights for shaping cultural policy in Chile. Since the 1990s, both countries regained their democracies and adopted a markedly neoliberal economy that has been reinforced in the last three decades. Both Chile and South Korea designed and implemented cultural policies under this economic model, but with dissimilar participation of the State in the strategic design of their cultural and creative industries. Through a bibliographic review, in-depth interviews and field visits in Seoul, this article seeks to identify learning dimensions of the Korean context that help to think about the design and implementation of policies to promote Chilean cultural and creative industries. The article demonstrates that the creation of strategic research and development agencies in the area in the 2000s were crucial to its commercial success, an aspect that has been incipiently implemented in Chile in recent years.

Este artículo teórico sostiene que el liderazgo transformacional, anclado en la instrucción, opera como palanca pedagógica, cultural y ética para mejorar aprendizajes y bienestar en un sistema tensionado por desigualdades y reformas. El argumento se despliega en tres movimientos: tradición clásica (Burns; Bass y Riggio) como andamiaje; evidencia acumulada de efectos indirectos pero sustantivos del liderazgo escolar (Leithwood; Hallinger; Robinson, Lloyd y Rowe; Day et al.; Marzano, Waters y McNulty); y una arquitectura chilena que habilita más que prescribe (MBDLE 2015 2021; Ley 20.903; Ley 21.040). Metodológicamente, se presenta un artículo crítico–hermenéutico sustentado en revisión documental. Proponemos un modelo operativo de diez prácticas con indicadores, riesgos y condiciones: metas compartidas, observación breve y frecuente, retroalimentación específica, comunidades profesionales con producto y uso formativo de datos, entre otras. Hipótesis guía: cuando la dirección co-diseña visión, participa del aprendizaje docente y sostiene ciclos de mejora con evidencia y participación, el cambio deja de ser episódico y deviene cultura. Resulta, además, una agenda aplicada (diseños mixtos, evaluaciones de impacto y estudios de implementación) para verificar efectos y mecanismos. Cerramos con lineamientos de política: prioridad al liderazgo pedagógico, desarrollo profesional situado, gobernanza con datos abiertos y evaluación formativa del liderazgo.