Universidad Isalud

Este artigo pretende contribuir para a implementação do programa Cidades Amigas da OMS na América Latina. Faz uma análise crítica do Protocolo de Vancouver, descreve os processos indispensáveis para a formulação do Plano de Ação, um aspeto pouco abordado até agora, e reconhece a contribuição das universidades para o cumprimento deste objetivo.

Introduction: It is essential to analyze students' self-assessment of their ability to provide humanized care and relate to their patients, as it is an element that allows the identification of areas to prioritize in training, as well as the identification of strengths in this process. Objective: To assess the perception of self-efficacy to provide humanized care among students in the last year of the Bachelor of Nursing program at a private higher education institution in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Methods: Descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study. Sixty-seven students were interviewed using the Caring Efficacy Scale questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 35.54 years (SD=7.89), and they were mostly female (74.63%), single (58.21%), with children (64.18%), working in open areas (68.66%), with seniority between 6 and 10 years (34.33%), one job (82.09%), between 3 and 5 patients in charge per shift (46.27%), and perceiving a high workload (55.22%). It was found that the students' perception of their self-efficacy to provide humanized care and relate to the patient was mostly positive and high at 68.66%. Conclusions: Relationships were found between sociodemographic and work variables and some items of the instrument. The variables age, gender, having children, work area, number of patients cared for, perception of workload and work seniority had an impact on the perception of self-efficacy to provide humanized care. Introducción: Resulta indispensable el análisis de la autovaloración de los estudiantes sobre sus capacidades para brindar cuidados humanizados y relacionarse con sus pacientes, siendo un elemento que permite la identificación de áreas para priorizar en la formación, así como para identificar las fortalezas en este proceso. Objetivo: Evaluar la percepción de autoeficacia para brindar cuidados humanizados de los estudiantes del último año de la carrera de Licenciatura en Enfermería de una institución de educación superior de carácter privado de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo y transversal. Se encuestó a 67 estudiantes utilizando el cuestionario Caring Efficacy Scale en su versión en español. Resultados: La media de edad de los encuestados fue de 35,54 años (DE=7,89), y estos fueron mayormente de género femenino (74,63%), solteros (58,21%), con hijos (64,18%), trabajan en áreas abiertas (68,66%), tienen una antigüedad laboral de entre 6 y 10 años (34,33%), un empleo (82,09%), entre 3 y 5 pacientes a cargo por turno (46,27%) y perciben una elevada carga de trabajo (55,22%). Se identificó que la percepción de los estudiantes sobre su autoeficacia para brindar cuidados humanizados y relacionarse con el paciente fue mayormente positiva y alta en un 68,66%. Conclusión: Se identificaron relaciones entre las variables sociodemográficas y laborales y algunos ítems del instrumento. Las variables edad, género, tenencia de hijos, área de trabajo, cantidad de pacientes a cargo, percepción de la carga de trabajo y antigüedad laboral inciden sobre la percepción de autoeficacia para brindar cuidados humanizados.

The 2030 Agenda - a strategy of the United Nations Organization (UN) to promote global and sustainable human development capable of satisfying basic social needs - is still in the initial stages in most of the countries of South America. The scope of this investigation was to consult a group of health experts on the possibilities of Argentina fulfilling the 2030 Agenda, especially the goals of ODS3 - Health and Wellbeing - when they were consulted on obstacles, challenges, and policy recommendations to meet the goals. The change of management of the government in December 2019, and the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, broadened the investigation incorporating the analysis of the incumbent Minister of Health of the Nation on the 2030 Agenda, the study carried out and the current perspectives in the pandemic period. The results were analyzed from a comparative standpoint with a Brazilian study, which revealed that most experts agree on the country's potential to meet the goals of the 2030 Agenda. However, in the analysis of the new Minister of Health, there are "the paradoxes of the pandemic" that relate to the opportunity to empower the health system pursuant to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Damage to the small intestine caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) occurs more frequently than in the upper gastrointestinal tract, is more difficult to diagnose and no effective treatments exist. Hence, we investigated whether probiotics can control the onset of this severe condition in a murine model of intestinal inflammation induced by the NSAID, indomethacin. Probiotic supplementation to mice reduce the body weight loss, anemia, shortening of the small intestine, cell infiltration into the intestinal tissue and the loss of Paneth and Goblet cells associated with intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, a high antimicrobial activity in the intestinal fluids of mice fed with probiotics compared to animals on a conventional diet was elicited against several pathogens. Interestingly, probiotics dampened the oxidative stress and several local and systemic markers of an inflammatory process, as well as increased the secretion of IL-10 by regulatory T cells. Even more importantly, probiotics induced important changes in the large intestine microbiota characterized by an increase in anaerobes and lactobacilli, and a significant decrease in total enterobacteria. We conclude that oral probiotic supplementation in NSAID-induced inflammation increases intestinal antimicrobial activity and reinforces the intestinal epithelial barrier in order to avoid pathogens and commensal invasion and maintain intestinal homeostasis.

Youth and adolescent populations constitute a critical set in global population. They are important to development agendas not for their quantity, but for other types of problem that favour the intergenerational reproduction of poverty and establish inequality gaps that accentuate processes of "de-institutionalisation" and "de-socialisation" of these populations and others: education systems insufficiently adapted to the current world of work or to the mass schooling of young people from vulnerable households; precarious labour markets, which many young people enter with poor qualifications; or socioenvironmental conditions that severely affect the health conditions of youth in marginal neighbourhoods. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals clearly signal the path forward for coming years, as well as highlighting the need for stronger, more innovative public policies to ensure "that no young people will be left behind". The 2030 Agenda represents a unique opportunity for the State, private sector, civil society and the international cooperation system to harness positive synergies to improve young people's quality of life.

Medication-overuse headache is a costly disease for individuals and society. To estimate the impact of medication-overuse headache treatment on direct and indirect headache-related health care costs. This prospective longitudinal study was part of the COMOESTAS project (COntinuous MOnitoring of Medication Overuse Headache in Europe and Latin America: development and STAndardization of an Alert and decision support System). Patients with medication-overuse headache were included from four European and two Latin American headache centers. Costs of acute medication, costs of health care services, and measurements of productivity were calculated at baseline and at 6-month follow-up Treatment consisted of overused drug withdrawal with optional preventive medication. A total of 475 patients (71%) completed treatment and were followed up for 6 months. Direct health care costs were on average reduced significantly by 52% ( p < 0.001) for the total study population. Significant reductions were seen in both number of consumed tablets (-71%, p < 0.001) and number of visits to physicians (-43%, p < 0.001). Fifty percent of patients reduced their number of consumed tablets ≥ 80%. Headache-related productivity loss, calculated either as absence from work or ≥ 50% reduction of productivity during the workday, were reduced by 21% and 34%, respectively ( p < 0.001). Standardized treatment of medication-overuse headache in six countries significantly reduced direct health care costs and increased productivity. This emphasizes the importance of increasing awareness of the value of treating medication-overuse headache. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (no. NCT02435056).