Universidad Marista

Electric self-sufficiency constitutes a strategic objective toward a more sustainable, reliable, and competitive energy matrix and is internationally recognized as a pillar of energy security. In Mexico’s case, dependence on fossil fuels, regulatory fragmentation, and limitations in transmission infrastructure keep the country in a vulnerable position. In this context, research was carried out along two axes, competitiveness and energy transition, to transform the energy matrix without compromising the nation’s stability and development but rather turning it into an opportunity to make it more sustainable. This article presents the analysis of competitiveness, understood as the set of criteria that must be considered to advance toward electric self-sufficiency. For both axes, the research was conducted using a qualitative method grounded in grounded theory, with interviews with experts from the public, private, and academic sectors, as well as a documentary matrix organized into five categories of analysis. The results revealed the need for infrastructure, technological autonomy, and territorial planning. Regulation must be strengthened with differentiated incentives according to technological maturity, in addition to the establishment of roadmaps. Finally, the criteria identified as essential for competitiveness include technical reliability, operational efficiency, technological autonomy, and the creation of local added value.

As mudanças climáticas e o aumento da frequência de desastres naturais colocam a sociedade em busca de estratégias eficazes e sustentáveis para a defesa civil. Este artigo examina as Soluções Baseadas na Natureza (SbN) como ferramentas preventivas para redução de riscos e desastres, explorando seu potencial para complementar ou substituir infraestruturas tradicionais na mitigação de enchentes, deslizamentos e outros eventos climáticos extremos. Com uma revisão bibliográfica abrangente, foram analisados estudos de caso e políticas globais que demonstram como essas soluções podem contribuir para a resiliência ambiental e social. O referencial teórico abrange uma introdução à estrutura da defesa civil e as regulamentações associadas, além de detalhar o funcionamento das SbN, seus benefícios, desafios de implementação e sua eficácia quando comparadas com a infraestrutura cinza. A análise discute a aplicabilidade dessas soluções no contexto brasileiro, identificando limitações e oportunidades de avanço para políticas públicas que integrem SbN em ações de defesa civil. Os resultados indicam que as SbN são uma alternativa promissora para a proteção civil, promovendo sustentabilidade e economia de recursos. Conclui-se que o uso de SbN oferece benefícios multidimensionais e recomenda-se a formulação de políticas que incentivem sua aplicação em escalas local e nacional.

La determinación de la ubicación y dimensiones óptimos de las instalaciones de manufactura es una decisión de particular trascendencia que de forma directa se vincula con la eficiencia, sensibilidad y competitividad de los sistemas de producción. No obstante, ocasionalmente este tipo de decisiones se desarrollan bajo un alto grado de incertidumbre debido a diversos factores, tales como demanda, costos, interrupciones en la cadena de abasto e interrupciones medioambientales. Esta investigación propone una metodología que, aplicando un modelo de decisión analítica permita integrar el análisis de decisiones multicriterio (ADMC), con el método VIKOR que facilite la localización de una instalación de manufactura y su tamaño bajo condiciones de incertidumbre. La metodología combina criterios cualitativos y cuantitativos e incorpora la incertidumbre en escenarios en los cuales se consideren ubicaciones potenciales. Con la aplicación del método VIKOR, se logra una aproximación al establecimiento de un rango, el modelo permitirá a los tomadores de decisiones identificar una alternativa balanceada que permita minimizar el conflicto entre diversos criterios en conflicto tales como el costo, riesgo, flexibilidad e impacto ambiental. El esquema propuesto es aplicado a un caso de estudio de una empresa que se dedica a la manufactura de empaques de cartón en México y que desea establecer una fábrica considerando condiciones de inciertas en cuanto a mercado y costos. Los resultados demuestran la efectividad de la metodología propuesta que provee un mecanismo racional y transparente para la toma de decisiones en ambientes complejos.

This project presents an innovative platform that streamlines the transition from education to employment by integrating a comprehensive suite of tools tailored for job seekers. Existing platforms typically include an Application Tracking System but lack mechanisms to analyze users' skills or provide guidance for improvement based on job recommendations. Similarly, current educational systems often fail to offer personalized learning experiences, resulting in disengagement and limited learning outcomes. The proposed platform addresses these gaps through a placement assistance system that connects users with potential employers via a curated job-matching service. By leveraging advanced algorithms, it aligns candidate profiles with relevant job openings to enhance the accuracy of recommendations. Additionally, the platform features an intuitive resume creation tool that assists users in crafting professional and impactful resumes through customizable templates and guided support. Furthermore, a skill-enhancement module promotes continuous professional development by identifying individual skill gaps and recommending personalized learning resources-such as courses, tutorials, and practice exercises-based on user profiles and current job market trends.

Introdução: A osteoartrite de joelho é uma doença degenerativa crônica caracterizada pela destruição da cartilagem, dor progressiva, rigidez e limitação funcional. Sua prevalência aumenta com a idade e está associada a elevado impacto socioeconômico, incluindo incapacidade e aposentadorias precoces. O manejo adequado é essencial para reduzir sintomas e melhorar a qualidade de vida. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de diretrizes clínicas nacionais e internacionais, obtidas em bases como MEDLINE, PubMed, NICE, International Guideline Library e Scopus, sem restrição temporal. Foram incluídas diretrizes em inglês, português e espanhol, com informações sobre diagnóstico e tratamento da osteoartrite de joelho. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada pelo instrumento AGREE II, considerando escopo, rigor, clareza, aplicabilidade e independência editorial. Resultados: Foram analisadas 14 diretrizes publicadas entre 2011 e 2022, provenientes de países como Canadá, Brasil, Espanha, Estados Unidos, China e Itália. Observou-se consenso na ênfase ao tratamento não farmacológico, principalmente exercícios físicos regulares supervisionados, associados à perda de peso em pacientes obesos. Em relação ao tratamento farmacológico, destacam-se anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais tópicos como primeira opção e uso criterioso de AINEs orais e corticosteroides intra-articulares para alívio temporário da dor. O ácido hialurônico apresenta benefício mais prolongado, embora de início tardio. Terapias emergentes, como plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP), mostram potencial, mas carecem de maior evidência. Intervenções cirúrgicas, como osteotomia e artroplastia total do joelho, são reservadas para casos refratários, sendo a cirurgia artroscópica de benefício limitado e controverso. Conclusão: As diretrizes reforçam que o tratamento da osteoartrite de joelho deve priorizar intervenções não farmacológicas, com destaque para exercícios físicos e controle de peso. Abordagens farmacológicas e cirúrgicas devem ser individualizadas e utilizadas de forma escalonada. Novas terapias biológicas, como PRP, representam perspectivas futuras promissoras, mas ainda não substituem os tratamentos convencionais.

The sensory recruitment hypothesis posits that Visual Working Memory (VWM) maintenance uses the same cortical machinery as online perception, implying similarity between the two. Characterizing similarities and differences in these representations is critical for understanding how perceptions are reformatted into durable working memories. It is unknown whether the perceptual appearance effect brought by attention is maintained in VWM. We investigated how VWM depends on attentional state by examining how transient modulations from reflexive (exogenous) attentional orienting affect the appearance of VWM representations; particularly whether VWM takes a “snapshot” at the time of encoding, or transient attentional dynamics continue into VWM. Specifically, we assessed whether the transient modulation to perceived contrast caused by exogenous attention is preserved when attended stimuli are encoded and maintained in VWM. Observers performed a delayed contrast comparison task in which one stimulus had to be held in VWM across a delay and compared to a second stimulus. Exogenous attention was manipulated through transient pre-cues appearing above the location of the first, second, or both stimuli before their onset. Model comparisons revealed that the transient attentional boost to perceived contrast persisted in VWM across the delay. This result indicates that VWM maintains a “snapshot” of the attentional-modulated perceptual representation at the time of encoding and suggests that attentional effects on vision enable us to select and protect in VWM visual information relevant to cognition and action.

Temporal expectation—the ability to predict when events occur—relies on probabilistic information within the environment. Two types of temporal expectation—temporal precision, based on the variability of an event's onset, and hazard rate, based on the increasing probability of an event with onset delay—interact with temporal attention (the ability to prioritize specific moments) at the performance level. Attentional benefits increase with precision but diminish with hazard rate. Both temporal expectation and temporal attention improve fixational stability; however, the distinct oculomotor effects of temporal precision and hazard rate, as well as their interactions with temporal attention, remain unknown. Investigating microsaccade dynamics, we found that hazard-based expectations were reflected in the oculomotor responses, whereas precision-based expectations emerged only when temporal attention was deployed. We also found perception–eye movement dissociations for both types of temporal expectation; yet, attentional benefits in performance coincided with microsaccade rate modulations. These findings reveal an interplay among distinct types of temporal expectation and temporal attention in enhancing and recalibrating fixational stability.

Moringa oleifera (MO), a nutritionally and pharmacologically potent species, is emerging as a sustainable candidate for applications across bioenergy, agriculture, textiles, pharmaceuticals, and biomedicine. This review explores recent advances in MO-based biotechnologies, highlighting novel extraction methods, green nanotechnology, and clinical trial findings. Although MO's resilience offers promise for climate-smart agriculture and public health, challenges remain in standardizing cultivation and verifying therapeutic claims. This work underscores MO's translational potential and the need for integrative, interdisciplinary research. MO is used in advanced materials, like electrospun fibers and biopolymers, showing filtration, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties-important for the biomedical industry and environmental remediation. In textiles, it serves as an eco-friendly alternative for wastewater treatment and yarn sizing. Biotechnological advancements, such as genome sequencing and in vitro culture, enhance traits and metabolite production. MO supports green biotechnology through sustainable agriculture, nanomaterials, and biocomposites. MO shows potential for disease management, immune support, metabolic health, and dental care, but requires further clinical trials for validation. Its resilience is suitable for land restoration and food security in arid areas. AI and deep learning enhance Moringa breeding, allowing for faster, cost-effective development of improved varieties. MO's diverse applications establish it as a key element for sustainable development in arid regions.

Does the timing of a preceding visual event affect when people deploy attention in the future? Temporal expectation and temporal attention are two distinct processes that interact at the behavioral and neural levels, improving performance and gaze stability. The preceding foreperiod-the interval between the preparatory signal and stimulus onset in the previous trial-modulates expectation at the behavioral and oculomotor levels. Here, we investigated whether the preceding foreperiod also modulates the effects of temporal attention and whether such effects interact with expectation. We found that, regardless of whether the stimulus occurred earlier than, later than, or at the expected moment in the preceding foreperiod, temporal attention improved performance and accelerated gaze stability onset and offset consistently by shifting microsaccade timing. However, overall, only with expected preceding foreperiods, attention inhibited microsaccade rates. Moreover, late preceding foreperiods weakened the expectation effects on microsaccade rates, but this weakening was overridden by attention. Altogether, these findings reveal that the oculomotor system's flexibility does not translate to performance, and suggest that, although selection history can be used as one of the sources of expectation in subsequent trials, it does not necessarily determine, strengthen, or guide attentional deployment.