Universidad Maya

The propolis produced by stingless bees is a complex mixture of natural sticky components mixed with soil or clay. Global research on propolis has focused on studying the biological and pharmacological properties and chemical composition of stingless bee propolis from Brazil, Indonesia, and other regions. However, studies of stingless bee propolis produced in Mexico are scarce. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition of the geopropolis of Scaptotrigona mexicana collected in the Totonacapan region and to evaluate its antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The phenolic contents of the ethanolic extract of the collected propolis ranged from 2.45 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g to 3.48 ± 0.56 mg GAE/g of dry extract. The total flavonoid content ranged from 0.69 ± 0.03 mg QE/g to 0.84 ± 0.009 mg QE/g of dry extract. The antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extracts was assessed via DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The minimum inhibitory concentration values exhibited by the ethanolic extract (>512 g/mL) for Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aerugunosa and Phorphyromonas gingivalis) were higher than those of Gram-positive bacteria. The stingless bee propolis extract showed the highest antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans (256 g/mL). Five known compounds, taraxeryl acetate (1), lupeol (3), cicloart-23-en-3β,25-diol (5), mangiferoic acid (6), and 5-(11'Z-heptadecenyl)-resorcinol (7), and two irresoluble mixtures of 3-O-acetyl-α-(2a) and 3-O-acetyl-β-amyrins (2b), and α- (4a) and -amyrins (4b), were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Additionally, 39 volatile compounds were identified via headspace-solid phase microextraction using the hyphenated gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry time-of-flight. The main volatile compounds detected include trans-α-bergamotene (8.15%), hexanal (7.17%), 2-heptanone (7.60%), and α-copaene (7.09%).

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini berfokus pada implementasi pelatihan literasi digital untuk penulisan ilmiah di kalangan mahasiswa STIKES Mayapada. Menggunakan pendekatan Participatory Action Research (PAR), kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan mahasiswa dalam menyusun artikel ilmiah melalui pemanfaatan teknologi digital secara efektif. Pelatihan mencakup berbagai aspek, termasuk pencarian literatur digital, manajemen referensi, dan persiapan naskah untuk publikasi di jurnal nasional. Metode yang digunakan meliputi klinik pembinaan, di mana mahasiswa menerima bimbingan tentang aspek teknis dan substantif penulisan ilmiah, serta instruksi tentang penggunaan alat digital untuk penulisan akademik. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun mahasiswa memiliki minat tinggi, pemahaman awal mereka tentang penulisan ilmiah dan literasi digital masih terbatas. Namun, program ini berhasil meningkatkan pemahaman dan antusiasme mahasiswa, menghasilkan 10 draf artikel yang siap untuk proses publikasi selanjutnya. Tantangan yang dihadapi selama kegiatan termasuk kurangnya kepercayaan diri mahasiswa, pengetahuan metodologi penelitian yang terbatas, dan kesulitan dalam mengakses serta menerapkan prinsip-prinsip penulisan ilmiah. Kesimpulan dari pengabdian ini menekankan pentingnya pelatihan literasi digital yang berkelanjutan dan pembentukan forum ilmiah mahasiswa untuk mengembangkan keterampilan penulisan ilmiah yang berkelanjutan di era digital

RESUMEN. La península de Yucatán es la región productora de miel de abeja más importante de México y es considerada la segunda fuente de ingresos después de la agricultura para el estado. En la zona Maya de Quintana Roo, los apicultores tienen un problema común de depredación de abejas (A. mellifera L., Hymenoptera, Apidae) por hormigas, esto les provoca pérdidas de colmenas y sus subproductos. El objetivo fue identificar las especies de hormigas que depredan a las abejas A. mellifera en apiarios de Kancabchén, Quintana Roo. Para ello se recolectaron hormigas depredadoras en tres apiarios, por medio de trampas y captura manual en temporada de sequía y lluvia (2017), éstas fueron identificadas con claves taxonómicas. Se reporta por vez primera la presencia de cinco especies de hormigas depredadoras en los apiarios: Eciton burchellii (Westwood, 1842), E. mexicanum Roger, 1863, E. vagans (Olivier, 1792), Labidus praedator (Smith, 1858) y Nomamyrmex hartigi (Westwood, 1842). Todas esas especies no establecen nidos permanentes ni atacan a una hora específica, por ello, los apicultores no siempre coinciden de estar presentes al momento del ataque y si coinciden, el único control tradicional es quemar las hormigas con todo y colmena. Las cinco especies de hormigas responsables de la depredación de las abejas son todas hormigas marabuntas que tienen hábitos nómadas o seminómadas, lo que hace difícil establecer un manejo tradicional efectivo por los apicultores Mayas en la zona de Quintana Roo.

Objective. To determine if raw seafood, marinated without heat, partially cooked with heat, and completely cooked with heat that are sold for human consumption in establishments in the city of Telchac Puerto, Yucatan, Mexico, represent potential risk factors for the development of acute gastroenteritis, wound infection, primary septicemia and secondary septicemia by Vibrio vulnificus species. Material and methods. Study conducted on a representative sample (n= 132) selected from the total of 200 samples from 38 establishments. From July 1 to December 31, 2019, 132 samples of seafood were studied. Using the Cornfield method, the estimation interval was constructed at the 95% confidence level. Results. In 37 (28.03%) samples an equal number of strains were isolated whose biochemical characteristics corresponded to Vibrio vulnificus. The prevalences obtained in raw marine foods, marinated without heat, partially cooked with heat and completely cooked with heat were 35.59%, 45.45%, 22.45% and 0.00%. The Cornfield estimation interval at the 95% confidence level for Vibrio vulnificus was 13.56% ≤ P ≤ 42.50%. Conclusion. Raw seafood, marinated without heat, and partially cooked with heat represent potential risk factors for Vibrio vulnificus for the development of acute gastroenteritis, wound infection, primary septicemia, and secondary septicemia.

Introduction. From an epidemiological approach, obesity can be considered as a risk factor for the development of some diseases, or as a disease in itself. Basically, the risk factors for the development of obesity are genetic, physiological and environmental, including unhealthy lifestyles. Non–healthy lifestyles are those that have the most influence as risk factors for the development or not of obesity. Objective. Determine whether or not each of two anthropometric indices has sufficient prognostic efficiency by combining sensitivity and specificity in a single expression using positive and negative likelihood ratios. Material and methods. Three hundred adult patients who attended the "Jose Maria Morelos" Integral Hospital were studied. As a reference test, the Equation of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company was used. Results. The results for the positive likelihood ratios corresponded to 13.4 and 1.7 for the anthropometric indices Waist/Height Index and Waist/Hip Index, respectively. The results for the negative likelihood ratios corresponded, respectively, to 0.07 and 0.5 for the anthropometric indices Waist/Height Index and Waist/Hip Index. Conclusions. The results of the positive and negative likelihood ratios report sufficient prognostic efficiencies for the Waist/Height Index. On the other hand, the results of the positive and negative likelihood ratios report, respectively, insignificant prognostic efficiency and poor prognostic efficiency for the Waist/Hip Index.

Ankylosing spondylitis represents an inflammatory arthropathy with a predilection for the axial skeleton. We reported 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT finding of ankylosing spondylitis in a 65-year-old patient with rectal cancer. In addition to accumulating in primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes, increased 68Ga-FAPI uptake was also observed in the sacroiliac and costovertebral joints, indicating sacroiliitis and spondylitis. However, no abnormal 18F-FDG uptake was observed in the inflammatory lesions. This case highlighted that 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT is useful for the evaluation of inflammatory conditions in ankylosing spondylitis.

Unstable angina pectoris is an acute exacerbation secondary to coronary artery occlusion. In routine clinical treatment, patients with unstable angina pectoris are prone to recurrence or aggravation of symptoms. Based on the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, phlegm, and blood stasis are one of the main pathological factors of unstable angina pectoris. The treatment of unstable angina pectoris with phlegm-blood stasis syndrome by Gualou Danshen granules (GLDS) has been the focus of many clinical trials. However, there is no evidence to prove the safety or clinical efficacy of GLDS. In this study, we will conduct a 4-week randomized, controlled feasibility study, with participants recruited from Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Sixty subjects are to be diagnosed as having phlegm-blood stasis syndrome and randomly divided into a treatment group (GLDS) and placebo group in a 1:1 ratio. Result measurements will include therapeutic indicators (Clinical Symptom Rating Scale, Phlegm-Blood Stasis Syndrome Scale, and Seattle Angina Questionnaire) and safety indicators (blood routine, urine routine, electrocardiogram, liver function, and kidney function). The clinical data management system (http://www.tcmcec.net/) will be used to collect and manage data. Quality control will be implemented according to good clinical practice. Previous TCM clinical trials have investigated if adding GLDS to standard routine treatment can improve the therapeutic effect in patients with unstable angina pectoris. This study focuses on the safety and efficacy of GLDS on unstable angina pectoris of phlegm-blood stasis type, in order to obtain relevant clinical evidence. This study is approved by the Ethics Committee of Guang'anmen Hospital of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (no. 2019-187-KY-02) and is registered with chictr.org (registration number ChiCTR2000031780).

<p>Este es un estudio sobre los aspectos de distribución, usos y tradiciones de las plantas con un manejo agroecológico en el huerto familiar o solar, el área del terreno o el solar, en el cual se encuentran plantas ornamentales, comestibles (frutales y hortalizas), medicinales, maderables y forrajeras. El área del solar está delimitada por una barrera llamada albarrada, se presentan aspectos básicos del solar maya, identificación de plantas locales y distribución geográfica de los árboles frutales, los cuales son, generalmente, de gran tamaño y están ubicados en la parte del fondo del solar, en el cual brindan sombra y sirven de hogar a animales silvestres y domésticos. Los árboles están cerca de la casa ya que sus grandes copas sirven de sombra para los integrantes de la familia, son agradables en el área de descanso debido a la frescura que proporcionan, y este espacio se convierte en la cocina de la ama de casa, sitio para eventos importantes de la familia, también es área de juegos de los niños, un salón de reunión para los abuelos y otras amistades.</p><p><br />El uso más importante del solar es el cultivo de alimentos y plantas medicinales que proporcionan un beneficio socioeconómico para la familia. Asimismo, se mencionan algunas costumbres y tradiciones para conservar el solar heredado y transmitido por generaciones. Se utilizó el método, descriptivo y observacional del cual se recopiló la información de los dueños de solares y así entender la forma de manejo del solar. Finalmente, se planea plasmar la importancia de las características agroecológicas del solar, junto con sus árboles locales y que se sigue conservando la tradición de los solares, donde se obtuvo una base de datos sobre el uso de las plantas alimenticias, medicinales, ornamentales, porque las familias dueñas de un solar le dan todos los usos necesarios que puedan tener una fuente alternativa de sustento,<br />ya que la contribución económica del solar a las familias es del 18 %.</p>

Este trabajo analiza los desafíos actuales de la vinculación universitaria desde los fundamentos pedagógicos del modelo educativo intercultural, propio de la Universidad Intercultural Maya de Quintana Roo (UIMQROO). En primer lugar, se exponen los fundamentos pedagógicos de la educación universitaria intercultural, desde mediados del siglo XX hasta entrado el siglo veintiuno. Enseguida se estudia la pertinencia del modelo educativo intercultural para efectuar una comunicación y vinculación incluyentes, ligada al contexto y a las comunidades; aquí mismo se describe la metodología que la UIMQROO ha seguido para ello. Finalmente, reflexiona en torno a los retos contemporáneos del modelo educativo intercultural.

The first systematic search for the volcano rabbit, a Mexican endemic, found no evidence of the species outside the central region of the transverse neovolcanic axis around Mexico City, and reveals that the rabbit has now disappeared from areas of this central zone where it has been reported in the recent past. It depends for its survival on the pine forest—bunch grass ecosystem, and this is being destroyed by conversion to agriculture, over-grazing, fire-burns, poor forestry management and encroaching property developments. The authors make recommendations for the immediate protection of the remaining areas of core habitat and for further research.