Universidad Nacional del Oriente

Data on sleep and respiratory patterns among adolescents residing at very high altitude (> 3500 m) remain scarce, and altitude-related physiological differences may influence these parameters. Studying adolescents at different very high altitudes is crucial, as subtle environmental variations could affect sleep-related oxygenation and respiratory function. This study aimed to characterise sleep-related oxygenation and respiratory parameters in healthy adolescents native to two distinct very high-altitude environments. Overnight sleep polygraphy was performed in 163 healthy adolescents aged 13.5 to < 18 years living in La Paz (3620 m) and El Alto (4060 m), Bolivia. Mean nocturnal oxygen saturation, oxygen desaturation index, and apnea-hypopnea index were assessed alongside subjective sleep quality, morning blood pressure, heart rate, haemoglobin concentration, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores. Adolescents at 4060 m had significantly lower mean nocturnal oxygen saturation (84.8% ± 2.2%) compared with those at 3620 m (87.8% ± 1.8%), and a higher oxygen desaturation index (21.2 ± 8.5/h vs. 17.1 ± 9.0/h). The apnea-hypopnea index did not differ significantly between altitudes (6.2 ± 4.8/h vs. 5.6 ± 4.6/h). At 3620 m, females showed lower oxygen desaturation and apnea-hypopnea indices compared with males. Despite the more pronounced nocturnal hypoxemia at 4060 m, haemoglobin concentration did not increase, suggesting limited haematological compensation. Subjective sleep quality, blood pressure, and heart rate were similar between both altitude groups. Healthy adolescents living chronically at very high altitude exhibit altitude-dependent reductions in nocturnal oxygenation and increased desaturation frequency, without evidence of sleep-disordered breathing. These findings underscore the need for altitude-specific normative values to support accurate interpretation of sleep studies in high-altitude populations.

Alcançado o Século XXI, os povos indígenas latino-americanos continuam a ser fustigados e surrupiados. Esta pesquisa, se embasará pelo seguinte problema: A Corte IDH leva em consideração as premissas da plurinacionalidade no Caso Povo Xukuru vs. Brasil? Buscou-se através de pesquisa empírica quali-quanti, aferir a sensibilidade dialógica deste organismo jurisdicional à diversidade territorial vivenciada historicamente pelos povos originários estudados. Para tanto, submeteu-se à análise, o Caso Povo Xukuru vs. Brasil, pela testagem dos traços de plurinacionalidade. Convém saber se considera como critério decisório aspectos como abertura dialógica, visão de mundo indígena, ancestralidade, espiritualidade, bem como se incorpora em seu raciocínio jurisprudencial as amplas concepções de propriedade e territorialidade ali verificadas. Angariando pontuação a cada testagem de traço, foi possível através de análise gráfica quantificar o desempenho da Corte. Da leitura dos dados, concluiu-se que a Corte IDH, ainda não está satisfatoriamente aberta ao pluralismo epistemológico da rica diversidade étnico-cultural continental.

This study aims to assess the rate of histopathologic diagnostic discordances between the local reviewer in each country of the Sarcoma European and Latin-American Network (SELNET) consortium and expert soft tissue and bone pathologists present in the SELNET network and to evaluate the causes of discrepancies. Histologic diagnosis at the local center of each country from the SELNET consortium and its relative agreement with the revised diagnosis of expert pathologists from the SELNET pathologist network were evaluated in 347 cases of bone or soft tissue tumors over 3 years. Diagnostic concordance was observed in 296 cases (85.3% with a Cohen's κ = 0.84, P < .001), whereas in the remaining 51 cases (14.7%), diagnostic discordance was observed. In 19 of 51 cases, the discordance was considered major because it was related to a significant change in clinical management. Minor histologic discordances were observed in the remaining 32 cases. The most frequent reason for diagnostic discordances was incorrect morphologic interpretation and/or the unavailability of key diagnostic immunohistochemical markers (41.2%), or the unavailability of molecular testing to confirm morphologic and immunohistochemical data (21.6%). Incorrect interpretations of morphologic features alone occurred in 37.2% of cases. A diagnostic agreement of 85.3% was obtained between the original diagnosis in each country of the SELNET consortium and the expert pathologist of the network. Morphologic assessment of tumors, the use of newer immunohistochemical markers, and molecular analysis on a limited number of cases were found to be useful in correcting discrepancies.

Congenital malformations constitute anomalies of structure and/or function of prenatal origin, which are often asymptomatic or cause few symptoms, but currently have a high incidence. With the aim of showing the findings detected in the imaging studies carried out, the case of a young adult with repeated mild urinary sepsis is presented, who was diagnosed with multiple and bilateral renoureteral malformations in the infertility consultation. The majority of congenital renoureteral malformations imply serious biopsychosocial problems for the patient, with the consequent impact on the psychological sphere and the social life of family members when diagnosed in the prenatal stage, so they inevitably constitute a health problem, since they contribute to fetal and infant mortality or increased morbidity in any age group. For this reason, early diagnosis is essential to guarantee appropriate behavior and quality of life. Keywords: congenital malformations; renoureteral malformations; early diagnostic; ultrasound; descending urogram; double excretory system; ureterocele; reflux vesicoureteral

La prevalencia de tabaquismo entre estudiantes y trabajadores universitarios está estrechamente relacionada con características sociodemográficas específicas y factores culturales adicionales. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de tabaquismo y su relación con características sociodemográficas en estudiantes y trabajadores de la Universidad Nacional Ecológica, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico con enfoque cuantitativo y diseño observacional de corte transversal, se seleccionó una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia, compuesta por 224 participantes. Resultados: El estudio revela una alta prevalencia de tabaquismo (76.3%) en estudiantes y trabajadores universitarios, con predominio entre hombres y jóvenes. La procedencia boliviana está asociada significativamente con el hábito de fumar. El 65,2% de la población estudiada fue masculina, con ≤ 25 años de edad (71,9%), bolivianos (74,1%) y estudiante (86,2%). Conclusiones: La investigación reveló una alta prevalencia de tabaquismo entre la población estudiada, con un 76.3% de los participantes identificados como fumadores. La mayoría de estos fumadores son hombres (78.1%) y jóvenes menores de 25 años, aunque no se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a sexo o edad que influyeran en la frecuencia del hábito.

La prevalencia de la hipertensión arterial y sus factores asociados resulta clave para el diseño de estrategias efectivas que permitan reducir las enfermedades cardiovasculares y la mortalidad. Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial y los principales factores asociados en la población del municipio de Cotoca, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, para identificar patrones de riesgo y orientar intervenciones de salud pública. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo de corte transversal. Se seleccionó una muestra no probabilística, intencional conformada por 150 personas adultas (≥ 40 años de edad). Resultados: La prevalencia de hipertensión arterial fue de 28,7%. El riesgo de padecer hipertensión arterial, aumentó en individuos con antecedentes personales familiares (APF) de HTA, sobrepeso u obesidad, presencia de dislipemia, alimentación poco saludable y estilo de vida sedentario. Conclusiones: Estos factores de riesgo contribuyen significativamente al desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares y resaltan la necesidad urgente de implementar estrategias de prevención y promoción de la salud en la comunidad.

· Recibido: 18 de agosto de 2023 · Arbitrado: 5 de septiembre de 2023 · Aceptado: 30 de octubre de 2023 · Publicado: 1 de febrero de 2024 Adult women over 50 years of age are prone to having urinary infections due to different factors such as underlying disease, malnutrition, poor quality of life and bacteria. Therefore, we set ourselves the following objective: to determine the effectiveness of ingesting hibiscus flower and cranberry (red) in women with urinary tract infection between 50 and 80 years of age in the city of Santa Cruz. For which an experimental method was used, it was based on selecting women with symptoms of urinary tract infections (UTI) and giving them as a preventive method the ingestion of blueberries and Jamaica flower for 45 days. The consumption of cranberry extract and hibiscus flower infusion, the answers they gave to the survey questions: What was used as a variable, is that in the 45 days of consumption they felt improvement and were no longer recurrent to having urinary infections. Its effectiveness has been demonstrated as a preventive method for urinary infections in older women.

This paper introduces an elastic nonlinear model for the San Jacinto Hydro-power Plant (Bolivia), developed to optimize its operational performance. The model’s parameters and constants were calculated using technical reports, manuals, and civil plans of the plant. Validation was conducted by comparing simulated responses with actual plant responses. The validated model was then linearized to facilitate the application of classic controllers. A Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) based Proportional Integral Derivative Controller (PID) was employed for Load Frequency Control (LFC), and its performance was compared to a Governor with Transient Droop Compensation and a Classical PID.