Universidad Villa Rica

Transformer-based networks and convolutional neural networks are popular sequence modeling models in natural language processing and have not been fully studied in terms of their resistance to various linguistic perturbations. This study presents a comparative analysis of CNN and Transformer models using a diagnostic hate speech detection benchmark comprising 3,728 linguistically controlled test cases. A character-level CNN and a token-based Transformer were evaluated under identical experimental conditions. The Transformer achieved higher overall performance, with an accuracy of 76.9% and an F1-score of 0.80, while the CNN achieved an accuracy of 71.4% and an F1-score of 0.75. The Transformer also exhibited a lower false negative rate of 19.6%, whereas the CNN showed a false negative rate of 28.4%. Functional analysis indicated that the Transformer performed better on semantically complex constructions such as negation and quotation. In contrast, the CNN demonstrated greater robustness to spelling-based perturbations, attaining accuracy values of up to 84.6% under character-level noise. These findings indicate that architectural effectiveness depends on the dominant characteristics of the linguistic input and the nature of the perturbation. The results provide quantitative evidence to support informed architecture selection for NLP applications requiring robustness to linguistic variability.

Objetivo: Examinar la efectividad de disyunción maxilar con MARPE y SARPE a largo plazo en adultos mediante análisis sistemático de evidencia científica reciente. Método: Revisión sistemática según declaración PRISMA que incluyó ensayos clínicos prospectivos, estudios de cohorte, revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis sobre efectividad de MARPE y SARPE en población adulta entre 2021-2025. Se analizaron 15 estudios evaluando tasas de éxito en apertura sutural. Resultados: La expansión asistida con microimplantes alcanzó tasas de éxito entre 71% y 87% determinadas por edad, osificación sutural, grosor cortical palatino y contacto bicortical de microimplantes. Generó mayor proporción de expansión esquelética comparada con técnicas convencionales, reduciendo inclinación vestibular de dientes posteriores. Produjo mejoras volumétricas en vía aérea superior beneficiando pacientes con apnea obstructiva del sueño. Conclusiones: MARPE constituye alternativa efectiva y mínimamente invasiva para deficiencias transversales maxilares en adultos apropiadamente seleccionados mediante evaluación tomográfica preoperatoria.

ABSTRACTImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy by significantly improving long-term outcomes across multiple malignancies. Despite their benefits, ICIs can lead to immune-related adverse events, including rare but severe cardiovascular toxicity such as myocarditis, which can be life-threatening. This comprehensive review aims to explore and discuss the mechanisms, clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies of ICI-induced myocarditis, emphasizing the need for early detection and timely intervention. As the use of ICIs continues to expand, further research is essential to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize therapeutic strategies to mitigate this potentially fatal complication while maintaining the efficacy of cancer therapy.

La saliva, compuesta principalmente por 99% de agua y 1% de moléculas orgánicas e inorgánicas, mantiene un rango de pH de 6.0 a 7.5, pero puede verse alterada por ciertos factores. En este estudio se determinó la variación del pH salival, luego de la aplicación tópica manual en mucosa masticatoria y órganos dentarios con aceite de girasol ozonizado de 300 mEq/kgO 2 , en jóvenes estudiantes de entre 21 a 23 años, como agente de neutralización en los cambios de pH. Se realizó un estudio comparativo longitudinal en 13 sujetos después de su cepillado dental; se tomaron dos muestras en saliva estimulada con el test estandarizado Saliva-Check BUFFER (GC ® EUROPE). La medición basal de pH fue 7.66 ± 0.09, cifra por encima del rango normal; después de la aplicación del aceite de girasol ozonizado (O3MX ® 300IP) el pH fue de 7.27 ± 0.19, estableciéndose una variación de 0.28 ± 0.48, t = 8.04, p < 0.05 (0.000). Este estudio revela una caída significativa en el pH salival después de aplicar aceite de girasol ozonizado, lo que sugiere su potencial como buffer del pH salival. Se necesitan más investigaciones para explorar las implicaciones clínicas para el manejo de la salud oral.

SUMMARYMost larval neurons inDrosophilaare repurposed during metamorphosis for functions in adult life, but their contribution to the neural circuits for sexually dimorphic behaviors is unknown. Here, we identify two interneurons in the nerve cord of adultDrosophilafemales that control ovipositor extrusion, a courtship rejection behavior performed by mated females. We show that these two neurons are present in the nerve cord of larvae as mature, sexually monomorphic interneurons. During pupal development, they acquire the expression of the sexual differentiation gene,doublesex, undergodoublesex-dependent programmed cell death in males, and are remodeled in females for functions in female mating behavior. Our results demonstrate that the neural circuits for courtship inDrosophilaare built in part using neurons that are sexually reprogrammed from former sex-shared activities in larval life.

Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative neoplasm, the causative agent is human herpes virus 8 and the second most frequent tumor after non-Hodgkin lymphoma related to the human immunodeficiency virus (VIH). We present the case of a 40-year-old male with no history of chronic diseases, who began his condition with adenopathies in the bilateral inguinal region, adding a productive cough, lymphedema, and skin lesions with nodular characteristics and bleeding ulcers. A positive HIV test was reported, and a biopsy was performed, showing evidence of a spindle cell neoplasm compatible with KS. Laboratories with hemoglobin 8.3 mg/dL, platelets 239,000/uL, leukocytes 7.29/uL, glucose 76 mg/dL, creatinine 2.2 mg/dL, urea 80 mg/dL, albumin 1.69 g/dL, TGO 18 IU/L, TGP 5 IU/L, DHL 189 IU/L, viral load 283,259 copies and CD4 192 cells. Chest and abdomen computed tomography with evidence of pleural effusion, and multiple retroperitoneal and inguinal adenopathies. Starting concomitant retroviral treatment with liposomal doxorubicin, improving clinical status and laboratory parameters. HIV-infected people are at high risk of developing KS, early initiation of antiretroviral therapy, and maintenance of high CD4 cell counts are essential to reduce the incidence.

This study aimed to provide the Italian version of the Nursing Decision Making Instrument (NDMI) and establish its content and face validity, construct validity, and reliability among Italian nurses. A three phases validation, methodological and cross-sectional study was realized. Phase one referred to the cultural-linguistic translation of the NDMI into Italian (i.e., I- NDMI). Phase two aimed to obtain a good level of content and face validity (cut-off <0.70). Phase three involved a cross-section data collection amongst Italian nurses in assessing the construct validity and reliability of the I-NDMI. I-NDMI showed adequate content validity. Confirmatory factor analysis models supported the four-factorial structure of the I-NDMI (i.e., Intuition; Prevision; Assessment; Planning) in explaining data obtained from nurses. Moreover, the scale and each domain showed adequate internal consistency. This study constituted an advancement in the psychometric testing of the NDMI. Future research should identify specific decision-making processes and their determinants to allow theoretically grounded interventions to improve decision-making among nurses.

Introduccin: Los sntomas gastrointestinales son uno de los efectos posteriores al trasplante y parecen relacionarse a mltiples factores. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de sntomas gastrointestinales en una cohorte mexicana de receptores de trasplante renal y su probable asociacin al rgimen inmunosupresor. Material y mtodos: Se encuest a pacientes receptores de trasplante renal mayores de 18 aos, con funcin renal y tratamiento inmunosupresor de febrero a mayo de 2019. Los sntomas gastrointestinales fueron evaluados mediante el cuestionario Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS). Las puntuaciones totales ms altas indican mayor severidad en los sntomas. Se evaluaron las diferencias en la puntuacin GSRS tanto total como por sntoma especfico. Se consider una p < 0.05 como estadsticamente significativa. Resultados: Se encuestaron 103 pacientes (masculinos, 63.15%), edad promedio 36.6 aos, tiempo promedio postrasplante 45.5 meses. De los pacientes, 92 (91%) tuvieron un sntoma gastrointestinal. Los sntomas ms comunes fueron dolor de apetito (65%), eructos (49.5%) y heces sueltas (42.7%). Los pacientes femeninos tuvieron mayor puntuacin GSRS que los masculinos (p < 0.05). La hemoglobina tuvo una

The theoretical and methodological foundations of trade and economic cooperation and their impact on the development of tourism and the service sector of the national economies of European countries are analyzed. The main factors of influence on the current state of trade and economic cooperation between Ukraine and European countries are characterized, including: the advantage of raw materials and products of a low level of processing; suspension of production in the occupied regions of Eastern Ukraine (Donetsk and Luhansk), deterioration of the conditions for attracting external financing; unstable economic and political situation, as well as depletion of international reserves. The article traces the factors of the basing of international trade, including the division of labor, provision of a favorable climate, land and labor force, provision of a high level of technology. The classification signs of trade and economic relations are presented: in terms of dynamics, structure, location, level of development of partner countries for trade. The factors of influence on the state of trade and economic cooperation and services of the national economies of the studied countries are given. The leading trade partners of Europe for Ukraine, their main commodity and raw materials exchange are analyzed. It was revealed that ferrous metals, electric machines, fats and oils of both animal and vegetable origin, nuclear fuel, boilers, machines, grain crops, ores, slags and ash dominate among Ukrainian merchandise exports. Among the services dominated by transportation services, services for the processing of material resources, services in the field of telecommunications, computer and information, business services, repair and maintenance services. Imports are dominated by mineral fuel, boilers and equipment for the electric power industry, products of other engineering enterprises, chemical products, etc. The regions of Ukraine were divided into groups according to the level of exports of goods and services to European countries, according to which Kherson and Chernivtsi regions have the lowest indicators European exports, 16 regions of Ukraine belong to the average export level.