Universidad de Huánuco

Objective. To determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and protective practices against the risk of skin cancer in a population from the central highlands of Peru. Methods. An observational, cross-sectional, analytical study with a quantitative approach. The population consisted of 312 sun-exposed workers, from whom a probabilistic sample of 172 participants was selected. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic information, level of knowledge, and protective practices against the risk of skin cancer. Inferential analysis was performed using Pearson’s chi-square test, considering a level of statistical significance of p < 0.05. Results. Of the participants, 42.5% were older adults and 64.0% were female. Overall, 86.0% showed an insufficient level of knowledge about the risk of skin cancer. Regarding practices, 65.1% demonstrated an adequate level of sun protection. A statistically significant association was found between the level of knowledge and sun protection practices (χ² = 14.942; p < 0.001). Conclusion. The studied population showed insufficient knowledge about the risk of skin cancer, despite demonstrating mostly adequate sun protection practices. These findings highlight the need to implement preventive education strategies aimed at sun-exposed workers to strengthen knowledge and promote sustainable self-care behaviors.

El autor expone un caso real y analiza la problemática del deficiente acceso a la justicia de las víctimas vulnerables, especialmente de las víctimas de violencia sexual. Esto demuestra las limitaciones en el acceso a programas de salud pública y con ello a una victimización secundaria. Esto se evidencia a pesar de los compromisos internacio-nales y la existencia de la Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), contexto que, en algunos casos, influye en la comisión de actos delictivos futuros. Por ello, considera que la sanción penal, para que sea equitativa en situaciones específicas, requiere un análisis desde una perspectiva de género. En su condición de víctima de violencia de género, resulta imprescindible examinar las circunstancias previas a la conducta criminal, que en algunos casos influyen en el desarrollo de su personalidad y en la comisión del hecho punible. Asimismo, formula propuestas de mejora, tomando en cuenta el concepto de modernización de la gestión pública e implementación de la filosofía de la calidad y el modelo de gestión pública inteligente, que facilite el acceso a la justicia para todos, especialmente a este grupo vulnerable; además, propone la reforma legislativa en el tratamiento punitivo de la mujer desde una perspectiva de género, incorporando el texto del artículo 46-F del Código Penal como circunstancia atenuante privilegiada a la violencia de género como un contexto que antecedió e influyó en la conducta criminal.

Tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis S.) is a legume native to the Andes, recognized for its high nutritional value, which gives it great potential in food security programs. Therefore, understanding and advancing the conservation of its morphological diversity is essential. In this study, 140 accessions from the national germplasm collection of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation of Peru were evaluated, along with two cultivars ("INIA 445 Masacanchino" and "Andenes 90"). A traditional agro-morphological characterization was conducted using 16 quantitative and 40 qualitative descriptors, complemented by phenological data obtained from time series of reflectance indices generated by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Additionally, a principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to select the most relevant variables, and a clustering analysis along with a dendrogram was developed to classify the accessions. The results revealed significant differences between groups (p < 0.05) in terms of inflorescence length, number of pods on the main axis, number of primary branches, and yield per plant. Likewise, the morphological groups exhibited variations in phenophases derived from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Four morphological groups were identified: group 3 (G3) showed the highest growth rate followed by a decline, while group 4 (G4) stood out for its highest initial growth rate. Furthermore, the observed homogeneous phenological conditions indicated that groups 1 (G1) and 4 (G4) matured earlier, making them promising candidates for selection. These findings demonstrate the wide genetic variability of tarwi, which can be exploited in breeding programs for the development of new cultivars. Thus, the study highlights the importance of morphological characterization in understanding the variability of an understudied crop such as tarwi, contributing to conservation and promoting its protection and sustainability.

This study evaluates the granular subbase of the Oyon Ambo road in Pasco, Peru, using the Benkelman Beam test, covering from km 181+000 to km 230+000. The non-destructive methodology allowed for measuring pavement deflections under static loads, identifying critical areas that require improvements. Laboratory analyses included granulometric analysis, natural moisture, Atterberg limits, Modified Proctor, and CBR to characterize soil properties. Results indicated that the granular subbase is generally in good condition, with average deflections below admissible limits. However, higher deflections were observed in the critical section between Km 198+180 and Km 198+580, suggesting the need for specific interventions. Recommended measures include additional compaction, replacement of expansive soils, and drainage improvement. This approach provides a solid foundation for future interventions and road conservation strategies, promoting the safety and functionality of the road infrastructure in the Pasco region.

Este ensayo analizó la evolución conceptual del autocuidado en enfermería entre 2020 y 2025 y su relevancia para la salud mental y el desempeño clínico del personal. Se planteó como objetivo describir cómo cambió el concepto y por qué resultó crucial para orientar políticas, formación y gestión del cuidado. Se efectuó una revisión narrativa crítica de literatura en Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc y Google Scholar. Esta fue realizada entre enero y agosto de 2025, con criterios de inclusión de publicaciones en español o inglés, texto completo y pertinencia disciplinar. Se organizaron 33 documentos en cuatro ejes: marcos teóricos, vínculos con salud mental, relación con resiliencia y estrés laboral, y desafíos éticos e institucionales. Los hallazgos mostraron que el autocuidado ha cambiado de ser solo una práctica personal a convertirse en una habilidad profesional e institucional. Este cambio está influenciado por la autorregulación emocional, la autoeficacia y el apoyo entre compañeros, y se ve afectado por la carga de trabajo, el liderazgo y la estabilidad en el empleo. Se notó que prácticas como mindfulness, autocompasión y apoyo en grupo estaban relacionadas con menos estrés y una mejor continuidad en la atención. También se encontraron obstáculos como la inestabilidad laboral, la violencia en las instituciones y culturas organizacionales que no son muy sensibles. Se propuso una clasificación en tres niveles y un modelo que integra programas de bienestar y decisiones de política basadas en pruebas. Se llegó a la conclusión de que mejorar ambientes de trabajo empáticos y tener líderes que se preocupen por su equipo aumentó la efectividad del autocuidado y disminuyó los riesgos psicosociales. Esto también abre oportunidades para validar el modelo en diferentes contextos y niveles de atención. Se destacaron implicancias para formación y gestión clínica.

University higher education is essential to create the intellectual conditions that allow the generation and use of scientific knowledge, and permanent and sustainable learning of people, contributing to the resolution of problems and / or needs, in this scenario the teaching of scientific research is part of the mission and vision of all universities, according to this, scientific research is a fundamental function of the university; This is a very important element in the process of educational quality because through it scientific knowledge is generated and learning is fostered for the generation of new knowledge; in addition, scientific research links the university with society.

A society in which globalization and technology prevail requires young professionals capable of working in a diverse and complex environment. Higher education faces a new challenge: to train people with transversal skills. This requires designing educational programs based on digital technologies that foster the development of soft skills. The objective of this research has been to identify and synthesize studies that have evaluated the association between teachers' digital competencies and soft skills in university students. A scoping review supported by the SALSA framework was carried out; likewise, the databases used were Scopus, Web of Science and SciELO. A total of 333 papers were reviewed, whose publication period was between 2013 and 2023. After applying the Prisma methodology, only 19 studies were examined. The results showed that there is little research that relates the digital competencies of university teachers to the development of soft skills in students. Three different terms associated with “soft skills” were identified: transversal competencies, 21st-century skills and socioemotional skills. 44.44% of the studies reviewed linked the digital competencies of faculty with the development of soft skills. It is concluded that it is necessary for university teachers to have digital competencies to help develop soft skills in future professionals. This finding will allow the execution of other studies in which the motivational and sociological aspects of the stakeholders will be assessed, with the purpose of achieving the competencies required in the work environment. In addition, it is necessary to evaluate educational policies related to the digital competencies of teaching staff and their implementation in academic environments, intending to articulate them in a cross-cutting manner with the competencies that future professionals need for good job performance.

In rural areas of Peru, the treatment of domestic wastewater represents a persistent challenge due to limited sanitation coverage and technical and economic constraints, which contributes to the contamination of water bodies, affects public health, and hinders the sustainable development of rural communities. The purpose of the present research was to compare the efficiency of three alternative wastewater treatment methods applicable in rural contexts. A descriptive and partially explanatory approach was applied through documentary analysis of four scientific studies, three theses, and one article, published between 2015 and 2024, according to their relevance and applicability in Peruvian rural communities, evaluating bio digesters, septic tanks with baffles, and constructed wetlands. The efficiency, costs, and ease of installation of these three methods were evaluated. The results evidenced that constructed wetlands exhibited the highest efficiency in the removal of thermotolerant coliforms (99.99%) and BOD5 (83.89%), with a low cost per household (S/ 48.54) and simple installation. Bio digesters also showed high efficiency (97.48% in coliforms), although with a significantly higher cost (S/ 4384.51 per household) and moderate complexity in installation. Septic tanks with baffles had limited efficiency, an intermediate cost (S/ 417.56 per household), and greater constructive complexity. It was concluded that constructed wetlands are positioned as the most efficient, economical, and viable option for rural areas; whereas bio digesters can be implemented in communities with greater resources, and septic tanks require optimizations to reach adequate treatment standards.

Objective. To determine the relationship between research skills and academic information search strategies among nursing thesis students at Universidad de Huánuco, Peru. Methods. Quantitative, observational, correlational study. The population consisted of 313 thesis students, from which a sample of 173 students was selected through stratified probabilistic sampling. The Research Skills Scale and a questionnaire on academic information search strategies were applied, both of which had been previously validated and tested for reliability. For inferential analysis, Spearman’s correlation was used with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results. Regarding research skills, more than half of the participants were at a developed level, with the instrumental dimension standing out (72.3%), while overall, 52% were classified as developed. Concerning information search strategies, there was a predominance of efficient use of databases (60.1%) and truncation tools (54.3%), although limitations were observed in the use of Boolean operators. At the inferential level, a positive and significant correlation was identified between research skills and search strategies (rho = 0.634; p < 0.001), with the problematization dimension showing the highest correlation (rho = 0.728; p < 0.001). Conclusions. It was determined that research skills are significantly and positively related to academic information search strategies.