Universidad de la Ciénega

Background/Objectives: Hylocereus undatus is a high-value crop whose conventional propagation is inefficient for commercial scaling. This study aimed to develop an optimized protocol for in vitro establishment and to define optimal plant growth regulator (PGR) formulations for shoot multiplication. Methods: methods involved testing six surface sterilization protocols using combinations of a surfactant, a systemic fungicide, ethanol, and sodium hypochlorite. Subsequently, nodal explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with ten different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), with morphogenic responses evaluated over 60 days. Results: We identified a sterilization treatment that achieved contamination-free cultures with high explant survival percentages. Shoot multiplication was strictly dependent on cytokinin supplementation, with the highest BAP concentration inducing maximal shoot proliferation, while lower concentrations favored shoot elongation. The inclusion of IBA demonstrated a synergistic effect; a balanced BAP–IBA combination optimized shoot proliferation and vigor, whereas a high auxin-to-cytokinin ratio severely repressed organogenesis. Conclusion: this research establishes a reproducible, two-phase protocol that integrates rigorous aseptic establishment with tailored PGR application, effectively balancing high multiplication with superior shoot morphology for the commercial micropropagation of pitahaya.

Impacted canines are very frequent, and their management is fundamental in aesthetics and functional occlusion. The planning and choice of an adequate surgical-orthodontic treatment for the discovery of impacted teeth is essential. Four clinical cases are presented that show the clinical and imaging considerations for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, with the description of surgical approaches with open, closed techniques and a combination of both, for impacted maxillary and mandibular teeth in pediatric patients. The follow-up has allowed correct management in the orthodontic traction of the impacted teeth with good periodontal health.

In industrial combustion processes, high concentrations of propane (C3H8) gas are employed. Therefore, developing gas-detecting devices that operate under high concentrations, elevated temperatures, and short response times is crucial. This paper presents the design, simulation, and construction of a novel propane (C3H8) gas detector. The design was based on the dynamic electrical response of a gas sensor fabricated with cobalt antimoniate (CoSb2O6). The simulation considered the device structure and programming criteria, and the final prototype was constructed according to the sensor response, design parameters, and operating principles. Design, simulation, and fabrication results were in concordance, confirming the correct operation of the detector at high gas concentrations. A mathematical model was derived from the sensor’s electrical response, establishing a resistance value that allowed a two-second response time. This resistance was used to adapt the signal between the gas sensor and the PIC18F2550 microcontroller. Input/output signals, safety criteria, and functionality principles were considered in the programming device. The resulting propane (C3H8) gas detector operates at 300 °C, detects high C3H8 concentrations, and achieves a 2 s response time, making it ideal for industrial applications where combustion monitoring is essential.

Abstract. This study proposes a multi-source methodology for monitoring bathymetry in continental water bodies in central Mexico by integrating in-situ and satellite-based techniques. A 3D-printed Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV), equipped with echo sounders and GPS, was used to collect high-resolution depth data from five dams: Cointzio and Queréndaro (Michoacán) and Mata, Soledad, and Esperanza (Guanajuato). This data was correlated with Sentinel-2 imagery accessed through the Microsoft Planetary Computer, which provided multispectral, spatio-temporal data across different seasons. To assess water body delineation accuracy, several water indices were compared, including the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Automated Water Extraction Index with shadows (AWEI_sh), without shadows (AWEI_nsh), Modified NDWI (MNDWI), Sentinel Multi-Band Water Index (SMBWI), and Sentinel-2 Water Index (SWI), along with the Scene Classification Layer (SCL). SWI consistently yielded the most reliable contours. Although the SCL layer struggled in areas with dense aquatic vegetation, misclassifying water surfaces, it proved useful when combined with SWI. This integration produced the most accurate results for most dams— except in Queréndaro, where dense hyacinth cover in parts of the water body and irrigation agriculture in the surroundings impedes the correct detection of water body boundaries. A strong correlation between USV data and satellite-derived contours confirms that combining in-situ and remote sensing sources offers a robust and precise framework for bathymetric mapping in inland waters of Mexico.

The clinical laboratory occupies a pivotal position within health systems, as a substantial proportion of clinical and therapeutic decisions is based on the interpretation of its results. The reliability of this information is not a spontaneous attribute, but rather the outcome of technically controlled, standardised and continuously evaluated processes across the pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical phases. In this context, quality indicators have become essential tools for the objective measurement of performance, the identification of operational deviations and the guidance of improvement actions aimed at reducing errors with clinical impact. The systematic examination of specialised scientific output makes it possible to understand the scope and relevance of these indicators in strengthening the accuracy, precision and traceability of clinical laboratory results. The work was conducted using a qualitative, analytical and documentary approach, focused on the organisation, comparison and conceptual integration of previously published studies, without the application of empirical instruments or the direct measurement of variables. The selection of evidence followed rigorous methodological criteria to ensure coherence, transparency and analytical robustness. Overall, the body of evidence examined demonstrates that the consistent application of quality indicators contributes to enhancing the reliability of laboratory results, optimising the management of diagnostic processes and reinforcing patient safety as a central pillar of quality in health services.

La interculturalidad implica un desafío ético esencial: reconocer al otro, diferente en cultura, origen o apariencia, como un semejante digno de respeto y trato digno. La historia muestra que esta humanidad al diferente no siempre se ha respetado y hoy resurgen regionalismos que excluyen y atacan a quien es distinto. Reconocer la dignidad humana implica valorar las diferencias como riquezas que nos complementan, pues nadie posee todo el conocimiento o bien, y como seres humanos somos inherentemente dependientes unos de otros para construirnos como personas y sociedades. En este sentido, la creación divina nos situó en una condición de incompletitud e interdependencia constante. Los textos de este libro buscan fomentar la reflexión sobre la promoción de la paz, la transformación social y el desarrollo sostenible, pilares fundamentales de la interculturalidad.

In the development of functional foods with therapeutic value, nanoliposomal carriers offer a promising strategy for enhancing the stability and efficacy of bioactive compounds in dairy matrices. This study evaluated the sensory acceptance and physicochemical stability of yogurt enriched with anthocyanin-loaded nanoliposomes during 21 days of refrigerated storage, assessing the impact of nanoencapsulation on compound preservation and quality. Nanoliposomes were synthesized using ultrasonic film dispersion and characterized for antioxidant and erythroprotective activities. Antioxidant capacity was assessed through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, while erythroprotective effects were evaluated via oxidative hemolysis using human erythrocytes of different ABO/RhD phenotypes. These were incorporated into artisanal yogurt, followed by physicochemical, microbiological, rheological, and sensory analyses. Anthocyanins showed strong antioxidant capacity, especially in ABTS (93.24%), DPPH (21.34%), and FRAP (1023.24 µM TE/g D.W.), reflecting their radical scavenging and reducing power. They also exhibited high erythroprotective activity, with greater antihemolytic effects in O RhD- blood and enhanced photoprotection against UVA in O RhD+ blood. Yogurt enriched with nanoliposomes showed improved color stability, reduced syneresis, and favorable rheological and sensory characteristics. These findings support nanoliposomes as molecular delivery systems in functional dairy matrices with potential nutraceutical applications targeting oxidative stress. Further work should explore molecular mechanisms and validate health-promoting effects.

Iron is a limiting factor for plant and microbial growth because, in soil environments, it is predominantly present as oxyhydroxide minerals, rendering it unavailable to plants and microorganisms. Siderophores are chelating agents secreted to solubilize iron and facilitate its uptake. To understand the evolutionary and ecological dynamics of microbial communities, as well as the evolution of pathogens within hosts, it is essential to study the genes shared between microorganisms for environmental adaptation and survival. In this study, we conducted microbiological assays to evaluate the effect of the siderophore produced by Rouxiella badensis strain SER3 on the mycelial growth of fungal pathogens such as Fusarium brachygibbosum 4BF. Using spectrophotometric techniques and bioinformatics tools, we identified desferrioxamine E (nocardamine) in the culture supernatant, and the corresponding biosynthetic gene cluster in the SER3 genome was confirmed through antiSMASH analysis and synteny comparisons. Gene expression analysis by RT-PCR showed differential expression of biosynthetic precursors when strain SER3 was grown alone or in interaction with fungal pathogen. Finally, scanning electron microscopy revealed structural damage to F. brachygibbosum hyphae during co-culture with strain SER3. These results suggest that the production of desferrioxamine E may act as a biocontrol mechanism employed by R. badensis SER3 against F. brachygibbosum.

Periodontitis and viral liver infections, particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), are chronic inflammatory conditions with a high prevalence worldwide. Recent evidence establishes a possible bidirectional relationship between the two, based on shared immunological, microbial, and inflammatory mechanisms. The objective of this study was to analyze and synthesize the scientific literature on the interactions between viral hepatitis and periodontal health. Through a structured search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, studies published in the last 20 years that explored the link between viral hepatitis and periodontitis were integrated. The findings from the reviewed studies show consistent, positive associations between HBV and HCV viruses and a higher prevalence and severity of periodontitis. Some studies show increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (such as IL-6 and TNF-α) and immune dysfunction in participants with both diseases. Additionally, viral markers (such as HBsAg and HCV RNA) have been identified in gingival crevicular fluid, suggesting the presence of oral viral reservoirs. Ultimately, scientific evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between viral hepatitis and periodontitis, influenced by systemic inflammation, immunological alterations, and microbial dysbiosis. The collected data support the relevance of interdisciplinary management between medical and dental professionals in patients with viral liver conditions.

Insect pests remain a major threat to agricultural productivity, particularly in open-field cropping systems where conventional monitoring methods are labor-intensive and lack scalability. This study presents the design, implementation, and field evaluation of a neural network-guided smart trap specifically developed to monitor and selectively capture nocturnal insect pests under real agricultural conditions. The proposed trap integrates light and rain sensors, servo-controlled mechanical gates, and a single-layer perceptron neural network deployed on an ATmega-2560 microcontroller by Microchip Technology Inc. (Chandler, AZ, USA). The perceptron processes normalized sensor inputs to autonomously decide, in real time, whether to open or close the gate, thereby enhancing the selectivity of insect capture. The system features a removable tray containing a food-based attractant and yellow and green LEDs designed to lure target species such as moths and flies from the orders Lepidoptera and Diptera. Field trials were conducted between June and August 2023 in La Barca, Jalisco, Mexico, under diverse environmental conditions. Captured insects were analyzed and classified using the iNaturalist platform, with the successful identification of key pest species including Tetanolita floridiana, Synchlora spp., Estigmene acrea, Sphingomorpha chlorea, Gymnoscelis rufifasciata, and Musca domestica, while minimizing the capture of non-target organisms such as Carpophilus spp., Hexagenia limbata, and Chrysoperla spp. Statistical analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis test confirmed significant differences in capture rates across environmental conditions. The results highlight the potential of this low-cost device to improve pest monitoring accuracy, and lay the groundwork for the future integration of more advanced AI-based classification and species recognition systems targeting nocturnal Lepidoptera and other pest insects.