Universidad del Istmo

This work implemented the faster_rcnn_resnet_101_coco neural architecture in Python with TensorFlow using Scientific Machine Learning to monitor face mask usage for contagion prevention. Convolutional neural networks were used in a supervised model trained on images captured from students aged 18–35. Training was conducted in environments with and without GPUs, evaluating execution time and prediction accuracy. The predictive model was assessed using the confusion matrix, error, precision, recall, and [Formula: see text]1-score. It was trained on 7200 proprietary images. Based on functional tests, the system was validated.

Human activities in Panama, such as agriculture, industry, and transport, have led to the release of pollutants that affect the health of marine and coastal ecosystems. However, there is a lack of bibliographic compilation studies to understand the current state of research on marine pollution in Panama. In recent years, bibliometric studies have attracted attention due to the development of new analytical and integrative online tools. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of marine pollution and its environmental effects on Panama’s coastal areas. The results show consistent growth in scientific production, with increased collaboration among researchers. However, the involvement of national institutions is limited, highlighting the need to strengthen local research. Most publications focus on environmental sciences, with a recent shift towards studying a broader range of pollutants.

Introduction: The abandonment of traditional eating patterns and the consumption of ultra-processed foods has permeated indigenous populations, affecting their nutritional and metabolic status. Objective: To identify the nutritional status, nutritional adequacy, and its association with biochemical parameters in Mexican indigenous adolescents. Material and methods: Cross-sectional and analytical study in 92 Zapotec adolescents. Sociodemographic variables, physical activity using the IPAQ-A, dietary variables (R-24hrs), biochemical variables, and anthropometric variables were collected. Percentages of dietary adequacy and energy contribution by food group were calculated. Quantitative variables were presented as medians and interquartile ranges, while qualitative variables were presented as frequencies and proportions. The Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test were used to identify differences between groups. Prevalence ratios were calculated by associating nutrient adequacy with biochemical data using Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 23.9% and 14.1%, respectively, with no differences by sex. Altered glycemia was present in over 50% of the patients, and hypertriglyceridemia occurred in almost 70% of the patients, with a higher incidence in women (p=0.044). A sedentary lifestyle and light physical activity were reported in 90% of the patients. Foods high in sugar, fat, and sodium accounted for over 45% of their energy intake. Men showed inadequate intake of total lipids (p=0.009) and proteins (p=0.048), and women had inadequate intake of vitamin D (p<0.001). Higher sugar consumption was associated with altered glycemia [PR=2.15; 95%CI (1.55-3.00)], cholesterol with hypertriglyceridemia [PR=1.92; 95%CI (1.06-3.45)], and saturated fats with elevated cholesterol [PR=3.70; 95%CI (5.14-28.04)]. Conclusions: Zapotec adolescents have high rates of overweight and obesity, are inactive, and maintain an inadequate diet, which increases their metabolic risk

The effect of tempering temperature and tempering time on the density of hydrogen traps, hydrogen diffusivity, and microhardness in a vanadium-modified AISI 4140 martensitic steel was determined. Tempering parameters were selected to activate the second, third, and fourth tempering stages. These conditions were intended to promote specific microstructural transformations. Permeability tests were performed using the electrochemical method developed by Devanathan and Stachurski, and microhardness was measured before and after these tests. It was observed that hydrogen diffusivity is inversely proportional to microhardness, while the density of hydrogen traps is directly proportional to microhardness. The lowest hydrogen diffusivity, the highest trap density, and the highest microhardness were obtained in the as-quenched condition and the tempering at 286 °C for 0.25 h. In contrast, tempering at a temperature corresponding to the fourth tempering stage increases hydrogen diffusivity and decreases the density of hydrogen traps and microhardness. However, as the tempering time or temperature increases, the opposite occurs, which is attributed to the formation of alloy carbides. Finally, hydrogen has a softening effect for tempering temperatures corresponding to the fourth tempering stage, tempering times of 0.25 h, and in the as-quenched condition. However, with increasing tempering time, hydrogen has a hardening effect.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by high incidence and mortality rates among men and women in Mexico and worldwide. Its multifactorial etiology is strongly associated with environmental factors, particularly among older adults, including physical activity, sedentary behavior, and diet.Methodology: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study using a food frequency questionnaire validated for the Mexican population and a tool developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to assess risk factors for chronic diseases and physical activity levels.Results: The overall prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle was 55.6%, although most participants reported moderate levels of physical activity. Three dietary patterns were identified: healthy, carbohydrates and protein, and fats and sugars. Women exhibited greater adherence to the healthy dietary pattern. Multivariate analysis indicated that farm workers were more likely to achieve adequate physical activity levels compared to office workers (odds ratio (OR) = 0.080, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.014-0.461). Younger participants (under 50 years) (OR = 0.239, 95% CI 0.059-0.966) and those diagnosed with colon cancer (OR = 0.237, 95% CI 0.066-0.848) also had higher activity levels compared to patients with rectal cancer.Conclusions: Physical activity levels were influenced by occupation, cancer type, and age, underscoring the importance of tailored interventions. Two of the three dietary patterns were classified as healthy, with one providing greater dietary diversity and balance. These findings emphasize the need to promote healthier lifestyles among patients with CRC to improve clinical outcomes and reduce sedentary behavior.

Abstract Genomic Selection (GS) is transforming the fields of plant and animal breeding by enabling selection based on genetic predictions without requiring direct phenotypic measurements. However, achieving practical implementation of GS is hindered by the challenge of obtaining high prediction accuracy, often compromised by experimental noise. To address these challenges, researchers have developed numerous strategies to enhance the efficiency of GS. This paper investigates the application of an innovative transfer learning method for improving GS performance. In this study, transfer learning (TL) was employed to leverage information from a proxy environment to improve predictions in a target environment. Using twelve original multi-environment data sets, we compared models with and without transfer learning based on four metrics: (i) Pearson’s correlation (COR), (ii) normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), and proportion of shared lines in the top (iii) 10 and (iv) 20% of lines (PM_10 and PM_20). The results provide compelling evidence of the benefits of transfer learning, demonstrating significant improvements in the four metrics evaluated and in all proportions of testing evaluated compared to models without transfer learning. These findings highlight the potential of transfer learning as a powerful tool to enhance predictive accuracy in genomic selection.

We assume a bundle of rays propagating parallel to the optical axis incident on aspheric converging Fresnel-type reflectors (ACFR), to study the formation of caustic surfaces produced by reflection. Subsequently, we evaluate the circle of least confusion (CLC) produced by ACFR. Alternatively, varying the design parameters, it is possible to reduce the size and modify the shape of the caustic surfaces, which have wide potential applications for both imaging and non-imaging optical systems. We ideally provide a formula to evaluate the optical concentration ratio produced by ACFR. If we demand that the absorber is placed at CLC, we can optimize the design for ACFR by increasing its optical concentration ratio. Finally, an ACFR prototype is designed to minimize its CLC and consider the properties of caustic surfaces.

La participación de las mujeres en la educación del país se caracteriza por la progresiva incorporación de maestras en una serie de actividades que dieron forma al sistema educativo nacional (SEN) moderno. En este escenario, destaca el papel desempeñado por las profesoras en puestos directivos escolares. Al respecto, esta investigación aborda específicamente su incorporación a la dirección en las escuelas Normales públicas de México a partir de algunos casos destacados del siglo xix hasta la actualidad. Teniendo como base analítica una perspectiva de la historia del tiempo presente, este trabajo realiza una aproximación inicial sobre el estado que guarda la presencia de directoras en 214 Normales en el año 2024. De esta forma, se establecen algunas líneas de análisis para la mejor comprensión de dicha temática.