Universidade Federal do Piauí

• In situ PXRD reveals anisotropic thermal expansion along the b and c axes • In situ Raman detects reversible local conformational changes near 523 K • Combined PXRD-Raman analysis links long-range stability to local vibrational dynamics In this work, Gd 2 (WO 4 ) 3 samples were synthesized by the hydrothermal method and subsequently calcined at 923 K, being characterized at room temperature by X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis spectrophotometry and Raman spectroscopy, in addition to in situ PXRD and Raman measurements under variable temperature conditions. Rietveld refinement confirmed the exclusive formation of the monoclinic phase (space group C2/c ). The in situ PXRD analyses, performed between 298 K and 773 K, revealed high long-range structural stability, evidenced by anisotropic thermal expansion that is more pronounced along the b (11.9(4) × 10 -6 K -1 ) and c (10.3(4) × 10 -6 K -1 ) axes than the a (2.2(6) × 10 -6 K -1 ) axis. The b/c ratio exhibited a non-linear trend: a continuous increase followed by an abrupt decrease around 523 K during both heating and cooling cycles, suggesting a subtle conformational modification within the crystal lattice. Consistently, in situ Raman spectroscopy indicated reversible local changes in the same temperature range (538 K), variation in intensity, as well as, shifts of vibrational modes associated with WO 4 2- tetrahedra. These effects were attributed to enhanced phonon-phonon anharmonicity and rearrangements of GdO 8 polyhedra. The results demonstrate that although the global structure of Gd 2 (WO 4 ) 3 remains monoclinic throughout the investigated temperature range, reversible local reorganizations occur, revealing an intrinsic thermal sensitivity of the lattice and supporting its potential use in thermally stable photonic and optoelectronic applications, such as Raman-based temperature sensors, high-temperature optical components, and rare-earth-doped laser host materials.

Habitat complexity influences the diversity and structure of biological communities by determining the availability and heterogeneity of environmental resources. Spiders, widely recognized as effective environmental bioindicators, are particularly sensitive to changes in habitat structure. This study evaluated how habitat complexity, measured through multiple environmental variables, affects the ground-dwelling spider community in gallery forests, and identified threshold points in species frequency and abundance in relation to these variables. Spiders were sampled using pitfall traps, and environmental variables including canopy cover, understory complexity, grass cover, soil pH and moisture, and litter cover, depth, weight, and composition were measured. A total of 36 samples were collected, yielding 1474 specimens distributed among 112 species/morphospecies and 31 families. The results showed significant interaction effects between canopy cover, litter depth, and litter composition on spider abundance. Furthermore, critical changes in variables such as canopy cover, grass cover, and litter cover, depth, and composition indicate that habitat structure plays a relevant role in the frequency and abundance of individual species. Leprolochus mucuge , Nosferattus sp.1, and Camillina sp.1 were identified as potential indicator species for monitoring environmental degradation in forested areas, while Epicratinus pikachu may serve as an indicator of forest conservation. These findings emphasize the importance of habitat structural for shaping species-specific responses and support the use of ground-dwelling spiders as bioindicators. The identification of indicator species provides valuable information for monitoring programs, management actions, and conservation planning in the Cerrado domain. • Habitat complexity shapes diversity in ground-dwelling spider communities. • Litter and canopy cover significantly affect spider abundance. • Thresholds identified for species response to habitat structure changes. • Key spider species indicate forest degradation or conservation status.

This study explores the main convergences and singularities of data protection and privacy laws in South America. It begins with a historical overview of privacy rights, tracing their evolution from the foundational concept of the “right to be left alone” to the contemporary legal emphasis on consent, personal data lifecycle management, and information security. The research employs a qualitative methodology combining content analysis and the study of foreign law and using the ATLAS.ti software, the authors coded and analyzed privacy and data protection legislation from eight South American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. The findings reveal a significant degree of alignment among these laws, not only in common terminology such as data subject, controller, and data processing, but also in a shared normative core of principles and data subject rights. Despite these similarities, the study highlights key national distinctions. Brazil’s legislation uniquely defines the use of personal data in scientific research. Ecuadorian law stands out for recognizing the rights of deceased individuals and establishing certifying entities to oversee data protection compliance. In contrast, Paraguay's law is explicitly focused on personal credit data, reflecting a more limited scope. By comparing these regional legal frameworks, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of how global privacy standards are adapted within diverse national contexts in South America.

Introdução: O câncer de colo uterino (CCU) é um problema de saúde pública mundial devido às suas altas taxas de incidência e mortalidade. Além disso, a ausência de informações precisas e abrangentes sobre o tema pode levar as pessoas a se exporem a comportamentos de risco. Objetivo: Identificar conhecimentos, atitudes e prática de estudantes universitárias sobre a prevenção e controle do Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) e do câncer de colo uterino. Métodos: Trata-se de revisão integrativa, realizada em outubro de 2024, com busca nas bases de dados: MEDLINE via Pubmed, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e Base de Dados em Enfermagem, utilizando descritores controlados e não controlados selecionados dos Descritores de Ciências da Saúde e Medical Subject Headings. Resultados: A amostra final foi composta por 19 estudos. Verificou-se que as estudantes têm conhecimento adequado sobre HPV e CCU, fatores de risco, meios de transmissão e métodos de prevenção e rastreamento, entretanto, ainda persistem lacunas relativas à manifestação clínica, à infecção por HPV, aos métodos de diagnóstico e à vacinação. No que tange às atitudes e prática, as estudantes possuem atitudes favoráveis quanto à detecção precoce por meio do exame citopatológico, contudo, apresentaram práticas insatisfatórias em relação ao exame citopatológico e à vacinação. Conclusão: Observa-se a necessidade de que estratégias educativas mais abrangentes e investigativas sejam implementadas, especialmente no contexto universitário, para promover atitudes proativas e práticas de saúde que minimizem a vulnerabilidade frente ao Papilomavírus Humano e câncer de colo uterino.

Data-driven approaches are increasingly required to optimize biofertilization strategies in forage systems. Machine learning (ML) provides an efficient tool for identifying functional drivers in complex plant–soil–microbe systems, offering important perspectives for precision data-driven agriculture. However, despite its potential, ML remains data-driven in studies involving diazotrophic inoculation using biochar as a pelletizing material, particularly in forage grasses. This study applied ML to predict the key drivers controlling Brachiaria brizantha performance and soil quality under biochar-pelletized diazotrophic bacteria (DB). Five isolates were inoculated with or without biochar, and plant traits and soil attributes, including pH, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, and urease activity were evaluated. These data were integrated into multivariate analyses and ML algorithms, including Linear Discriminant Analysis, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine, to identify the functional drivers that best discriminate treatment performance and uncover mechanistic functional drivers. All isolates increased soil potassium content, with the highest values in the biochar amended treatments, and a 39% increase. Soil pH and urease activity were significantly modulated by isolate identity, while biomass allocation patterns differed among treatments. Overall, the results highlight that biochar pelletization can enhance the effectiveness of DB inoculants. ML revealed that dry foliar biomass, soil pH, and fresh root weight were the most predictive variables, highlighting consistent signatures explaining plant–soil responses to biochar-pelletized DB. These findings demonstrate that interpretable ML can disentangle complex plant–soil–microbe interactions, support precision biofertilization design, and serve as an efficient decision-support tool for sustainable pasture management. Beyond the present system, this study establishes a transferable and scalable analytical framework for precision biofertilization strategies in forage systems and other biochar-mediated agroecosystems, advancing predictive and data-driven approaches in sustainable agricultural engineering.

O artigo trata do método de interpretação jurídica de Alf Ross em “Direito e Justiça” (2007), situando-o no realismo escandinavo, sua proposta de afastar a ciência jurídica de fundamentos metafísicos em direção a uma perspectiva empírico-descritiva. Para Ross método interpretativo não se limita à aplicação mecânica de normas, mas envolve uma operação construtiva guiada por valores sociais e pela consciência jurídica dos tribunais. A metáfora do jogo de xadrez evidencia a relação entre regras e prática judicial, mostrando que o direito vigente deve ser entendido como fato socialmente reconhecido. O artigo está organizado em quatro eixos: (i) a contextualização filosófica da teoria de Ross; (ii) a formulação do conceito de “direito vigente” e a crítica às concepções metafísicas e formalistas da interpretação; (iii) a exposição do método jurídico como prática descritiva e construtiva, na qual a decisão resulta da interação entre norma, fato e valor; e (iv) as críticas esboçadas a este método de interpretação. O realismo de Ross não nega a normatividade, mas busca reconstruí-la em bases empíricas. A epistemologia empírica proposta por Ross permanece relevante para os debates contemporâneos sobre hermenêutica jurídica e o papel do juiz na realização do direito.

Terminalia glabrescens Mart. is a native tree widely exploited in Northeastern Brazil, particularly known for its medicinal and timber properties. Although it is frequently harvested, the consequences of extractive practices have not been assessed; therefore, this study examined the uses and influences of extractivism on the species population status. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 86 participants, who mentioned 27 different uses across six categories: medicinal, utensils, construction, fuel, food, and fodder. Three plots of 50 × 50m were demarcated, where individuals were identified, measured for diameter, and their height. The study indicated a preference for collecting trees of tall and intermediate size and thickness, which are considered ideal and versatile for various uses. An association was found between the forms of use and the gender of the participants, with men having more citations in all use categories, particularly in the timber context. It was observed that the population of the species did not fit the "inverted J" model, suggesting that extractivism may primarily affect trees in intermediate size classes. Although this study does not directly assess levels of exploitation, the results may be attributed mainly to timber exploitation.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, retrieving data from PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials . Primary outcomes included changes from baseline in acute headache medication days and monthly migraine days (MMD). Secondary outcomes comprised the incidence of adverse events (AEs), common AEs, and the proportion of patients achieving a ≥ 50% reduction in MMDs. Five randomized controlled trials including 875 patients (mean age of 42.7 years) were analyzed. Erenumab treatment was associated with significant reductions in acute headache medication days (mean difference = -1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.81 to -0.62; p = 0.002) and MMDs (mean difference = -1.88; 95% CI: -2.68 to -1.07; p < 0.001). Whereas erenumab increased the risk of common AEs such as constipation (risk ratio [RR] = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.76; I2 = 14%), the overall incidence of AEs was not significantly different compared to placebo (RR = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.92 to 1.14; I2 = 57%). A higher proportion of patients achieved a ≥50% reduction in MMDs after 3 months in the erenumab group (RR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.26 to 1.77; I2 = 22%). Erenumab appears effective in reducing migraine frequency and symptomatic medication use among patients with chronic migraine MOH, with an acceptable tolerability profile.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a life-threatening protozoan disease prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions and a frequent coinfection among people living with HIV. Early identification of patients at high risk of death may reduce case-fatality. This study evaluated the post-test prognostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as biomarkers of mortality in VL. A retrospective hospital-based cohort of 101 VL patients was analyzed. CRP and IL-6 concentrations at admission were correlated with clinical findings, the Kala-Cal® prognostic score, and in-hospital mortality. Eight patients died, most presenting with hemorrhagic manifestations. At admission, 87.1% of patients had both biomarkers above the predefined cut-offs. CRP and IL-6 levels were markedly elevated in patients with hemorrhage or fatal outcomes. The AUC was 0.85 for CRP and 0.87 for IL-6, with no significant difference between markers. Optimal prognostic cut-offs were 150 mg/L for CRP and 90 pg/mL for IL-6. In this sample, CRP and IL-6 showed good prognostic performance in VL. In patients with low initial clinical risk, positive biomarker results substantially increased the probability of death. When combined with Kala-Cal®, these markers may improve risk stratification and guide referral decisions.