Università per Stranieri Dante Alighieri

Sustainability is a recently defined concept. It deserves careful investigation within historical studies. Criteria related to the current sustainability concept can be historically contextualized within multidisciplinary approaches. Some practices, involving relationships between natural and human’ systems, have been developed, preserved, and in some cases enriched, through centuries. Sustainable practices have been expressed through history at different scales: individual and small groups, community, state, and macro-regional ones. These different scales have interacted with each other over time, with a mutual enrichment. Studying these various scales requires interactions between different disciplines. Teaching historical perspective about sustainability has interesting potentials: it encourages students to better contextualize sustainability in the past and makes students aware of their responsibility for environment protection, and of the value of citizenship.

The article focuses on the role of language policies within the broader framework of migration policies in Council of Europe Member States. A description of the system currently in place in a representative sample of countries will lead to considerations related to language requirements, including the linguistic dimension of the knowledge of society requirements, as well as to language learning opportunities, where present.

Abstract Mutual trust that is the bedrock of intra‐EU cooperation should not be equated to ‘blind trust’ when a Member State is under the ‘surveillance’ procedure foreseen by Article 7(1) of the Treaty on European Union. In this perspective it would be risky for the European Council to recognise a key coordinating role, as is the case when holding the Council Presidency, to a Member State under Article 7.1 TUE. It would then be sensible for the Council to modify its 2016 Decision, and delay the Hungarian Presidency of the Council of the European Union to such a time when the Article 7(1) TEU surveillance procedure will have been successfully concluded.

Los Museos y centros expositivos adquieren, conservan, comunican y exponen el patrimonio tangible e intangible de la humanidad y su ambiente, con el propósito fundamental de promover y estimular el estudio, la educación y la contemplación.

The psychological consequences of COVID‐19 pandemic may include the activation of stress systems, that involve the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis which influences many physiological functions, including sleep. Despite epidemiological studies evidenced greater prevalence of stress symptoms and sleep disturbances during COVID‐19, longitudinal evidence investigating the effects of stress on sleep disturbances during the pandemic is lacking. We collected measures of perceived stress and sleep disturbances during the first wave of COVID‐19 (March 2020) and at 8–10 months follow up in a sample of 648 adults (M = 33.52, SD = 12.98 years). Results showed that 39.4% of participants reported moderate to extremely severe stress in March 2020. Prevalence of sleep disturbances was 54.8% in March 2020 and 57.4% at follow‐up. Structural equation modelling highlighted that perceived stress in March 2020 significantly predicted sleep disturbances at follow up (β = 0.203; p < 0.001), even after controlling for baseline sleep disturbances. Results remained significant even after controlling for the effects of covariates including age, sex, depression and anxiety symptoms, and referring to psychological services (β = 0.179; p < 0.05). Findings confirm the high prevalence of stress symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic and provide first longitudinal evidence for the effects of perceived stress on sleep disturbances during the pandemic.

"La curiosità verso la norma linguistica è quella che spinge tutti coloro che amano imparare una&#13;\nlingua ricercandone la sua più intima essenza. Spesso si ignorano i meccanismi che spingono ad&#13;\nesprimerci, in modo diverso o nello stesso modo, nel parlato e nello scritto e i più tradizionalisti,&#13;\ngeneralmente, stentano ad accettare un certo tipo di eloquio reso sempre più estremo, oggi, nella&#13;\nforma (grafia) e nella sostanza (sintassi, strutturazione del periodo, lessico). [...]"

Background:Schools play a key role in detecting early signs of autism and creating a targeted pathway of study and inclusion. This becomes complicated when faced with unknown situations, such as managing a student with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD).Materials and Methods:A nationwide study involving teachers (n=235) was conducted from March to August 2021. The survey instrument consisted of a questionnaire administered online through social networks containing socio-demographic data, attitudes, knowledge and inclusion plans from school teachers towards students with ASD.Results:Statistical significant differences were registered for the item no.13: among the main deficits caused by ADS are reduced social cognition, language abnormalities, and impaired sensory functioning. (p=.025); the item no.8 (p=.011): if an intervention works for one child with ASD, it is certain to work on another child with ASD; the item no.3(p=.002): genetic factors play an important role in the causes of ASD. By also considering teacher’s attitudes towards ASD according to the presence of a healthcare worker in the school environment, significant differences were registered for the item no.1 (p=.032): the interpretation that the diagnostic criteria for Asperger’s syndrome are the same as for high-functioning autism; the item no.6 (p=.025): children with ADS are very similar to each other, and the item no.7(p=.015): early intervention does not lead to additional benefits for children with ASD.Conclusions:The presence of professionals with advanced skills could be a benefit and represent a strong point in the application of measures of prevention and containment of community pathologies. (www.actabiomedica.it)

This study aims to explore the emotional experiences related to the lockdown during the first pandemic wave, analysing the dreams of the Italian population. Through an online survey spread throughout the country, participants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), the Resilience Scale (RS) and were asked to narrate a dream they had during the lockdown. The dreams were qualitatively analysed through the thematic content analysis. Logistic regression analyses were then conducted to verify the relationship among the categories that emerged and between these categories and the DASS-21 and RS scores. In the dreams 8 categories were identified (Places, Characters, Relationships, Actions, Danger, Death, Processes, and Emotions) composed of specific sub-categories, which seem to compose a sort of narrative structure of the dream. Some sub-categories were found to be predictor of depression and resilience or with exposure to COVID-19. Dreams can be a valid tool both to understand the experiences of the population during the pandemic and to evaluate those at risk of developing distress in clinical practice.