Université Nangui Abrogoua

Les éleveurs des petits ruminants sont confrontés à des difficultés dans la gestion de troupeau dans le Département de Man entrainant ainsi un faible niveau de production. Cette étude avait pour objectif de déterminer les pratiques et les pathologies dans les élevages des petits ruminants. Elle a été réalisée sur un échantillon de 76 éleveurs de petits ruminants dans huit villages de la commune de Man. Les paramètres pris en compte étaient les caractéristiques sociodémographiques; la conduite d’élevage, le niveau sanitaire et les contraintes d’élevages. Les résultats ont montré que l’élevage était plus pratiqué par les hommes (90,8%), les personnes non scolarisées (52,6%) et 78,9% des éleveurs n’avaient aucune formation. L’alimentation était basée sur le fourrage naturel (92,1%). Au niveau sanitaire, 78,9% des éleveurs enquêtés ont relaté qu’ils nettoyaient leur enclos et la fréquence de nettoyage deux fois par semaine était la plus rencontrée. Les symptômes de pathologie ont été aussi rapportés par 96,1% d’é

The Anguededou watershed belongs to the Anguededou river hydrographic system. It is located in the Abidjan district in southern Côte d’Ivoire. The present study aims to quantify water erosion of soils in the Anguededou watershed using remote sensing and GIS. The USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) model was chosen to quantify and spatialize water erosion processes at the watershed scale. This model, already implemented in different environments and at different scales, takes into account five determining factors in erosion processes, including: the aggressiveness of rainfall, the erodibility of soils, the inclination and length of the slope, as well as the vegetation cover and the means put in place to combat soil erosion. This study is part of a sustainable management approach for peri-urban watersheds. The result from the combination of the different factors indicates a soil loss on the Anguededou watershed which varies from 0 to 250 t/ha/year with an average of 41.27t/ha/year. The results obtained allow the identification of areas at the basin scale where interventions are needed to limit soil degradation processes. Soil loss from upstream to downstream of the catchment area could contribute in the long term to pollution and silting of the lagoon, thus causing a drastic reduction in the water surface area.

The objective of this study was to determine, by GC/MS, the composition of the essential oil (EO) of two plants obtened by hydrodistillation and steam distillation. The main objective is to promote two Ivorian species. The organoleptic quality, yield and chemical composition of essential oils (EO) extracted from Mischogyne elliotiana and Daniellia ogea by hydrodistillation (HD) and steam distillation (SD) have been determined. EO yields are (HD: 0.012% - SD: 0.11%) for Mischogyne elliotiana and (HD: 0.06% - SD: 0.05%) for Daniellia ogea. Essential oils have been analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation revealed more compounds than those obtained by steam distillation: Mischogyne elliotiana (HD: 32 compounds - SD: 24 compounds), Daniellia ogea (HD: 40 compounds - SD: 38 compounds). The essential oils of Mischogyne elliotiana consist mainly of sesquiterpenes. The hydrocarbon sesquiterpene content is: (HD: 87.18% - SD: 94.27%). Oxygenated sesquiterpenes: (HD: 9.98% - SD: 3.76%). Daniellia ogea EO is made up of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (HD: 34.14% - EV: 32.64%), diterpenes (HD: 2.07% - SD: 0.51%) and other compounds (HD: 7.15% - SD: 11.47%). Hydrocarbon monoterpenes (0.15%) are present only in the oil obtained by hydrodistillation. The main compounds in Mischogyne elliotiana EO obtained by hydrodistillation are α-gurjunene (58.14%) and β-guaiene (8.26%), while those obtained by steam distillation are α-gurjunene (50.60%) and β-guaiene (8.30%). In Daniellia ogea essential oils, the main compounds obtained by hydrodistillation are caryophyllene oxide (19.91%), β-caryophyllene (17.83%) and β-farnesene (15.56%), while those obtained by steam distillation are also caryophyllene oxide (18.92%) and β-caryophyllene (15.87%). The study on Mischogyne elliotiana essential oil is described for the first time.

This study focused on the calibration of LR-115 type II solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) and the assessment of indoor radon-222 concentrations in dwellings in Man, Côte d’Ivoire. Detector calibration was performed in a certified radon chamber by exposing the LR-115 to a radon concentration of 2.29 kBq·m⁻<sup>3</sup> for 64.33 h. After chemical etching and microscopic analysis, a calibration factor of 198.35 ± 21.43 tr/cm<sup>2</sup>/kBq·m<sup>-</sup><sup>3</sup>·h was obtained. Twenty-six detectors were then deployed in dwellings for three months. Radon concentrations ranged from 52.13 to 219.4 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>, with an average of 119.69 ± 13.36 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> (120 Bq.m<sup>-3</sup>). Most measured values were below internationally recommended reference levels; however, several sites (M1, M6, M9, M14 and M18) exceeded 150 Bq·m<sup>-</sup><sup>3</sup>. Apart from geological factors, elevated concentrations were mainly associated with poor ventilation and low foundation height. Excess cancer risk (ECR), estimated using EPA and UNSCEAR coefficients, showed significant spatial variability. According to the EPA model, ECR values ranged from 32 to 98 for site M19 and from 134 to 410 for site M14, while UNSCEAR-based estimates ranged from 41 to 111 at M19 and from 174 to 469 at M14. Corresponding annual effective doses varied between 2.09 and 8.81 mSv·y<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>. These findings highlight the spatial variability of indoor radon concentrations linked to local geology and building characteristics, and provide essential baseline data for radon mapping and risk mitigation strategies in Côte d’Ivoire. The results support targeted ventilation improvements and foundation design considerations within existing housing stock without altering measured.

The objective of this study was to characterize the mammary apparatus of the female grasscutter (also known as the aulacode), Thryonomys swinderianus (Temminck, 1782), through a topographical description of the mammary anatomy of five adult, farm-raised females with an average live weight of 3.5 kg. Examination of the mammary gland revealed anatomical features that are broadly comparable to those observed in other rodent species and even in lagomorphs; however, several specific features were observed in this species. The mammary chain consists of three pairs of mammae distributed along the pectoral, thoracic, and abdominal regions. The mammary papillae are relatively short but noticeably broader than those of commonly described domestic rodents. Subcutaneously, the three mammary glands on each side are fused into a thick band of mammary parenchyma extending longitudinally from the pectoral to the inguinal region. This structural configuration represents a distinctive characteristic of the species when compared with domestic rodents and lagomorphs that exhibit similar litter sizes. The biomorphometric features described here are likely to influence maternal behaviour in captive female grasscutters and should support improved anatomophysiological management of reproduction in this characteristically African rodent.

Les espèces d'arbres polyvalentes constituent des ressources précieuses dans les zones dominées par la savane en raison de la diversité des services qu'elles fournissent. Ces espèces sont vulnérables à la surexploitation et à une mauvaise gestion, qui peuvent mettre en péril leur survie. Il est essentiel de comprendre les perceptions locales de leurs utilisations et de leur conservation afin d'impliquer les communautés locales dans leur gestion durable. Cette étude présente le cas du Dialium guineense dans la région occidentale de la Gambie. Plus précisément, l'étude (i) évalue la diversité des utilisations de D. guineense ; (ii) examine leurs perceptions des menaces et des solutions de conservation. Des entretiens individuels semi-structurés ont été menés auprès de 633 habitants de la Gambie. Les données ethnobotaniques ont été analysées à l'aide de la fréquence relative de citation. Le degré de corrélation entre le statut du Dialium guineense et les variables démographiques a été déterminé à l'aide de modèles linéaires généralisés. Les parties de la plante utilisées étaient les fruits (30 %), les feuilles (28 %), l'écorce (17 %), le tronc (15 %) et les racines (10 %). Les catégories d'utilisation les plus citées étaient l'alimentation (91,2 %), la médecine (81,6 %) et le fourrage (31 %). La valeur d'indice la plus élevée pour les parties utiles de la plante (30 %) a été observée pour ses fruits. La surexploitation, les feux de brousse et la déforestation ont été considérés comme les principaux facteurs de menace. Selon les habitants, D. guineense est en déclin (62 %) ou rare (28 %) dans leurs communautés. Cette étude démontre l'importance de D. guineense tout en soulignant les facteurs critiques à prendre en compte pour impliquer avec succès les agriculteurs dans sa gestion durable.

Plantain peels are bulky rubbish in Man. However, Man households use chemical potasses to attenuate their sauces. The general aim of this study is to use plantain peels as a natural potash to attenuate the taste of certain Manx dishes. To achieve this objective, a preliminary survey was carried out on how potash is used in Man. Natural potash was manufactured after drying and incinerating plantain peels (green and ripe). The physico-chemical parameters of the potasses produced were determined. The survey revealed that 40% of the population uses chemical potasses. Determination of the physico-chemical parameters of the natural potasses produced enabled us to observe their alkaline nature and their richness in mineral salts. The potasses produced have potassium contents (24.53±0.45%-74.44±0.3%), calcium (0.07±0.2%-12.67±0.56%), iron (2.80±0.35- 3.01±0.45) and pH values (10.43 ± 0.68-10.45 ± 0.76). Potash based on green peel is the richest and most recommended. Processing plantain peels in the same way as natural potash would help to reduce waste.