Université Shalom de Bunia

Background: Several governments and their development partners are making significant investments to build and equip basic health centres. Does this support improve attendance at FOSAs and the quality of services offered? Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the perception of the quality of health services by users and providers in subsidised health facilities in the Bunia health zone. Methods: This exploratory study was conducted in the Bunia health zone using ethnographic methods. The sample, consisting of 59 participants, was made up of providers, CODESA members, users, community leaders, and neighbourhood chiefs. Convenience and purposive sampling were used to select the sample. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. NVIvo was used for data analysis. Results: Users experience multiple difficulties in subsidised facilities, including poor reception, high costs, inadequate human resources, drug shortages, and discrimination. They believe that providers should prioritise human life and that FOSA should organise training for their staff. Registered nurses (IT) and providers observe a gap between the public and private sectors and agree that only users can provide an accurate assessment. They confirm the possibility of deferred payment in subsidised FOSAs, unlike private ones, and deplore the lack of materials and equipment, in addition to the reduced number of qualified staff in subsidised health facilities. Conclusion: Improving service delivery in healthcare facilities and promoting humanised care could help improve user perception.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran gotong royong sebagai bentuk modal sosial dalam kepemimpinan sekolah dasar pinggiran dalam merespons kebijakan akreditasi nasional. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif, dilaksanakan di dua Sekolah Dasar Negeri di wilayah pinggiran Kabupaten Banyumas, Jawa Tengah. Partisipan penelitian meliputi dua kepala sekolah, enam guru, empat perwakilan komite sekolah atau orang tua, dan dua tokoh masyarakat. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik deskriptif melalui triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; a) keterbatasan sumber daya ekonomi mendorong kepala sekolah untuk mengaktifkan modal sosial sebagai strategi pemenuhan standar akreditasi, b) Modal sosial internal (bonding social capital) diwujudkan melalui solidaritas dan komitmen guru yang dimobilisasi lewat kepemimpinan teladan dan relasional, c) Modal sosial eksternal (bridging social capital) diaktifkan melalui praktik gotong royong masyarakat yang mengonversi relasi sosial menjadi dukungan tenaga dan sarana prasarana sekolah tanpa menimbulkan resistensi sosial, d) Selain itu, pemanfaatan tokoh masyarakat dalam proses visitasi mencerminkan peran modal sosial simbolik (symbolic social capital) sebagai sumber legitimasi moral atas keberadaan dan fungsi sekolah di tengah keterbatasan teknis. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kepemimpinan sekolah dasar di wilayah pinggiran tidak hanya bersifat administratif, tetapi sangat ditentukan oleh kemampuan membangun kepercayaan, relasi sosial, dan pemanfaatan nilai budaya lokal. Temuan ini mengimplikasikan perlunya kebijakan akreditasi yang lebih sensitif terhadap konteks sosial dan kultural sekolah, serta pengakuan terhadap modal sosial sebagai sumber daya strategis dalam tata kelola pendidikan dasar.

This study delves into the design and integration of event-driven architectures (EDA) within intelligent Internet of Things (IoT) systems, aiming to address the growing demands of real-time processing for the vast and heterogeneous data streams generated by connected devices. It is situated within an ongoing trajectory of innovation that seeks to enhance the responsiveness, reliability, and efficiency of next-generation IoT infrastructures. The primary objective is to identify and assess the most suitable middleware solutions (such as Kafka, MQTT, and RabbitMQ) capable of optimizing latency, ensuring data consistency, and maintaining the resilience of distributed environments. Beyond its technological dimension, the study advances a conceptual model that intertwines event-processing, edge computing, and distributed intelligence, fostering a fluid and adaptive orchestration of digital resources. This model endows IoT systems with heightened decision-making autonomy and strengthened robustness in the face of failures, congestion, and fluctuating data flows. The anticipated outcomes provide a comprehensive methodological and technical framework for the design of intelligent, scalable, and reliable IoT systems, while simultaneously deepening the theoretical understanding of event-driven paradigms in highly dynamic data environments and opening new avenues for scientific and industrial innovation.

The hypo-topology on the algebra C(X) of real-valued continuous functions defined on a Tychonoff space 2X f ∈ C(X) with its hypograph, hypof = {(x,t) ∈ X x R:f(x) ≥ t}. This topology is very useful in the calculus of variations and in optimization theory (e.g. Maximization problems). We denote C(X) with the hypo-topology by Ch(X). Our study deals with fundamental properties of these function spaces, and with the linear operators on them and as well as the characterization of the topological properties of Ch(X) in terms of topological properties of the base space X. We are studying the linear operator between the functional algebras Ch(X) and the Ch(Y). We are primarily concerned with the continuity of the evaluation functional, the general evaluation and the continuity of the characters of Ch(X) before the investigation of the properties of the dual operator f* of a continuous function f:X→Y. This operator is defined by f*:Ch (Y)→Ch (X), where f*(g)=gof for all g ∈ C(Y). The continuity of f* enables us to characterize the continuity of an algebra homomorphism of the type φ:Ch (Y)→Ch (X) for a realcompact space Y. For such a space, we present a type of Riesz theorm with states that an algebra homomorphism φ: Ch(Y)→Ch(X) is continuous if and only if there exists a unique hypo-function f: X→Y such that φ = f*. There after, we give the equivalence between the properties of f and those of f*. The study of the continuous linear functional on Ch(X) helps us to compute the topological dual space of this algebra. We show here that this dual space is useful only when the set of isolated points of X is dense.

Abstract This generation has witnessed a great interest in the study of the book of Jeremiah. Unfortunately, much of this scholarship is unreadable for the church and for ordinary readers because it mainly concentrates on diachronic questions, neglecting pastoral-theological and sociohistorical ones. Yet, the voices one hears in the book of Jeremiah are deeply in touch with the historical realities of the seventh-century bce as well as twenty-first-century situations of poverty, war, injustice, and corruption. The best way to accomplish such interpretation is by acknowledging the valuable tools conceived by the experts of the book of Jeremiah and using these tools in a language understandable to ordinary readers today in their varying contexts.

The declaration of any public health emergency in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is usually followed by the provision of technical and organizational support from international organizations, which build a parallel and short-time healthcare emergency response centered on preventing the extension of health emergencies across the countries and over the world. Previous Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks have highlighted the need to reinforce the healthcare sector in different countries.Based on the difficulty to implement the International Health Regulations (2005) to the local level of affected countries including the DRC, this paper proposes a multidisciplinary model based on the health zones through the strengthening of preparedness and response structures to public health emergencies vis-à-vis the existing weak health systems existing in DRC. A commitment to integrating the emergency response in the existing health system should work to reduce the tension that exists between local recruitment and its impact on the quality of daily healthcare in the region affected by EVD outbreak on one hand, and the involvement of international recruitment and its impact on the trust of the population on the emergency response on the other. This paper highlights the provision of a local healthcare workforce skilled to treat infectious diseases, the compulsory implementation of training programs focused on the emergency response in countries commonly affected by EVD outbreaks including the DRC. These innovations should reduce the burden of health problems prior to and in the aftermath of any public health emergency in DRC hence increasing the wellbeing of the community, especially the vulnerable people as well as the availability of trained healthcare providers able to early recognize and treat EVD.

Background: There is anecdotal evidence that ivermectin may decrease seizure frequency in Onchocerca volvulus-infected persons with epilepsy (PWE). Methods: In October 2017, a 12-month clinical trial was initiated in rural Democratic Republic of Congo. PWE with onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy experiencing ≥2 seizures/month were randomly allocated to receive, over a one-year period, ivermectin once or thrice (group 1), while other onchocerciasis-infected PWE (OIPWE) were randomized to ivermectin twice or thrice (group 2). All participants also received anti-epileptic drugs. Data was analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results: We enrolled 197 participants. In an intent-to-treat analysis (data from group 1 and 2 combined), seizure freedom was more likely among OIPWE treated with ivermectin thrice (OR: 5.087, 95% CI: 1.378–19.749; p = 0.018) and twice (OR: 2.471, 95% CI: 0.944–6.769; p = 0.075) than in those treated once. Similarly, >50% seizure reduction was more likely among those treated with ivermectin twice (OR: 4.469, 95% CI: 1.250–16.620) and thrice (OR: 2.693, 95% CI: 1.077–6.998). Absence of microfilariae during the last 4 months increased the odds of seizure freedom (p = 0.027). Conclusions: Increasing the number of ivermectin treatments was found to suppress both microfilarial density and seizure frequency in OIPWE, suggesting that O. volvulus infection plays an etiological role in causing seizures.

一般的な喫煙室でにおいを考慮した空気環境調査を行った．喫煙室内の粉じん濃度とCO濃度は，喫煙本数に対応して増減し，喫煙本数との相関関係がみられた．臭気強度は，喫煙本数と対応がみられず，喫煙終了から11時間経過後も臭気強度3程度のにおいが残っていた．喫煙室と周辺のにおい環境を考慮した空気質について，粉じん濃度とCO濃度は喫煙時の評価指標にはなりうるが，非喫煙時の評価指標としては検討が必要である．

It is one of the most important problems in earthquake engineering to predict the intensity of future earthquakes statistically from the past available earthquake recording data, as precise earthquake forecast is difficult in the present stage. In the process of the prediction, the selection of the past earthquake recording data and statistical method of analysis are the most important, because the available earthquake recording data are not sufficient. Many researches and investigation have been carried out in this field in Japan. However, there is no research on the prediction of the intensity of future earthquakes based on the theory of extremes developed by E. J. Gumbel. This paper deals with the expected values of the intensity of future earthquakes on base rock mainly. This paper is summarized as follows; (1) Taking into account of the results of reexamination for the data and method of analysis which have been used by many researchers in this field (see Table 1), the following data and method are used; (i) the carthquake data in the vicinity of Japan for the period of 1644〜1972 (329 years), (ii) Dr. Kanai formulate wich give a maximum intensity at the base rock and on the surface of the ground, (iii) Gumbel's Second Asymptotic Distribution in statistics of extremes. Especially about the data before 1926, the treatments with characteristics of velocity at the base rock are applied as follows; (i) the major earthquakes having 2.5cm/sec or more at the base rock are estimated from the destructive earthquakes in the Science Calender, (ii) considering the annual magnitude and energy distribution curves in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, it is aasumed for the small or middle earthquakes less than 2.5cm/sec. at the base rock that the frequency of earthquake occurrence is same as that after 1926 year. (2) The expected maximum velocity at the base rock with standard deviation vs. return period are predicted at the center of Tokyo (35.7°N, 139.8°E) in Fig.6. The expected maximum acceleration, velocity and displacement on the surface of the ground are also listed in Table 4. In addition, the calculated maximum velocity values at the base rock for each year are listed in Tables 2 and 3. (3) Regional distributions of the expected maximum velocity at the base rock are estimated for the return period 50, 100 and 200 years in the vicinity of Japan. As seen in Figs. 7, 8 and 9, the areas where the earthquake danger is considered to be high are generally as follows; (i) the coast area on the Pasific Ocean side from the Hokkaido to Tohoku and Kwanto districts, (ii) the area from west part of the Chubu district to all parts of the Kinki district, (iii) the area from the west part of the Shikoku to the east part of the Kyushu district. (4) For the practical seismic design purpose, the regional seismic zoning map is proposed as reflecting the past seismicity. As seen in Fig.10, Japan is divided into three divisiins by the criterion of seismic activity relatively as follows; A) high seismisity region, B) middle seismisity region and C) low seismisity region.