Université de Moundou

The paper presents our contribution to the full 3D finite element modelling of a hybrid stepping motor using COMSOL Multiphysics software. This type of four-phase motor has a permanent magnet interposed between the two identical and coaxial half stators. The calculation of the field with or without current in the windings (respectively with or without permanent magnet) is done using a mixed formulation with strong coupling. In addition, the local high saturation of the ferromagnetic material and the radial and axial components of the magnetic flux are taken into account. The results obtained make it possible to clearly observe, as a function of the intensity of the bus current or the remanent induction, the saturation zones, the lines, the orientations and the magnetic flux densities. 3D finite element modelling provide more accurate numerical data on the magnetic field through multiphysics analysis. This analysis considers the actual operating conditions and leads to the design of an optimized machine structure, with or without current in the windings and/or permanent magnet.

Notre article améliore la compréhension du pouvoir explicatif de l’intelligence collective sur la résilience entrepreneuriale, grâce à l’ancrage du management collaboratif. Notre objectif consiste à proposer un modèle de résilience entrepreneuriale en contexte de Covid-19 afin de contribuer efficacement à la relance économique. La collecte des données a été réalisée au moyen de 15 entrevues et 282 enquêtes par sondage auprès des entrepreneurs résilients camerounais et tchadiens. Nos principaux résultats montrent que l’intelligence collective, via ses principales composantes, est une posture et un moyen privilégié qui accroît la résilience entrepreneuriale économique et stratégique à l’ère incertaine, ceci s’explique par le fait que les entrepreneurs qui survivent durant la Covid-19 font recours aux réseaux d’affaires, aux capacités dynamiques et aux élans de solidarité. De ce fait, les entrepreneurs procéderaient à l’instrumentation des constituantes de l’intelligence collective afin d’assurer leur résilience.

Frugal innovation is a key lever to meet the needs of low-income consumers. Its real challenge is to introduce something new (innovate) to the market while minimizing (frugal) resource constraints. The phenomenon of innovation frugality has traditionally been studied in relation to emerging and developing countries. Today, several studies point out that frugal innovation is also practiced in advanced economies. Although the studies are of great interest to many, they have not been able to identify the concept or map the approach. Therefore, we do not know (i) how the frugal innovation approach developed during the period from 2010 to 2018 (ii) What is the mapping of the phenomenon of frugal innovation? (iii) What are the relevant areas of research during this period? And finally (iv) what are the areas and opportunities for future research? To answer these questions, we first conducted a systematic review of the literature by analyzing 106 articles published from 2010 to 2018. Second, we conducted an interview with 61 respondents made up of researchers, experts, and practitioners to validate the main research gaps identified and identify themes relevant for future research. The results of the research show that researchers affiliated with universities and institutes in the UK, India and both countries are in the majority and have been instrumental in research on frugal innovation management. Similarly, it appears from the above that several products resulting from frugal innovation come from India and China. In addition, our results indicate that articles on frugal innovation are published in a wide range of disciplines and journals. However, researchers, experts and practitioners perceive the concept of frugal innovation in different ways. As a result, studies on frugal innovation focus on sectors such as health, electricity, electronics, transport, finance, ICT, and energy. On the other hand, despite their great importance, the agriculture and education sectors are little explored. The results of the research call on actors to further explore the housing, agriculture, education, and energy sectors in emerging and developing countries.

Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of servant leadership on human capital and social enterprise are few. To increase knowledge, research with the Network of Youth Organizations (ROJ) in Chad was carried out. The hybrid approach has been deployed. The results showed that the credibility and human warmth of the servant leader promote the adherence and commitment of employees in the process of social entrepreneurship. Then, the passion for the excellence of the servant leaders is a real lever for the performance of social entrepreneurship. However, the passion for excellence contributes little to social entrepreneurship. But it is above all agile, autonomous and committed human capital that increases performance in social entrepreneurship. The article is useful for scholars who will find a renewed definition of servant leadership. While public actors will find new avenues of solutions to suggest policies and programs to strengthen the capacity of the OR. OR leaders will find strategies to effectively enhance and enhance their human capital.

Version 0.2.4, 05-May-2015 Added woa_profile. Re-write of woa_subset to use iris instead of Pandas. Deprecate 'state' option in soundspeed.

  The Health sector occupies the 2nd of those which have profited from the financings of the oil incomes after education and agriculture for one decade. But in spite of this attention particularly given to the sector, the future remains dark. The average distance between the medical households and structures is 14 km at the national level against 26 km in the rural mediums which concentrate 80% of the population living with a minimal vital below 250 Currency of the African Financial Community. Poverty and the inaccessibility are thus the first factors of morbidity and mortality in the Chadian rural areas. The sub-prefecture of Donon Manga is an example. This article proposes to analyze the accessibility to medical care and the catch of load of the rural world through the case of Donon Manga in connection with the plans and project of company for a decision-making. The study is carried out starting from the investigations and the direct observations. Investigations were made near the populations, the looking after personnel and the patients of whom people living with HIV in the hospital complex of the sub-prefecture. Results of the investments are not with the height of the place to which the sector has been hoisted for one decade. The perpetuation of the problems with which people are confronted opens the door to the emergence of new actors who daily cause damage.   Key words: Rural, population, health, accessibility.

76 Presentation THE RURAL CHILD L.C. DORSEY, D.S.W. Executive Director Delta Health Center, Inc. Post Office Drawer 900 Mound Bayou, Mississippi 38762 Children born today in rural America begin life with numerous strikes against them. The quality of rural life is determined by distance, which affects access to health care. Rural children born in Mississippi are at greater risk of dying during the first year of life than are their urban counterparts in any other state. Rural African-American children in Mississippi are twice as likely to die during the first year of life than are their white counterparts. The rural child born today has less access to quality education, and in some states, such as Mississippi, will have difficulty receiving the higher education and skills needed to compete in the job market in the 21st century. The rural child is more often poor and bears the brunt of the spiritbending deprivation of rural poverty. Rural children today live in a world of dichotomous images. On the one hand, scenes from color television tease them about a life of bountiful materialism. On the other, the realities of the world around them, which often include inadequate housing, food, health care, and clothing, mock the televised images. The rural child is increasingly threatened with the problems of inner-city urban living: drugs, crime, gang violence. Rural children also face mounting environmental problems: agricultural chemicals in the air and water, and diminishing water tables caused by the proliferation of such water-based agricultural projects as catfish ponds, rice paddies, and increased irrigation of other crops. Rural children are at risk of never receiving adequate health care, competitive education, a livable income, or cultural enrichment. However, they are at greatest risk of neglect. Societal indifference to children and the importance of considering children as a priority were recently explored by well-docuJournal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, Vol. 2, No. 1, Summer 1991 ___________________________________Dorsey________________________________77_ mented presentations at the World Summit for Children, where leaders from over 30 countries gathered to discuss the plight of 150 million children under five years of age who suffer from malnutrition, 30 million whose homes are the streets, and seven million children who live in refugee camps due to war or famine in their homelands.1 Our neglect of American children is the result of neither war nor famine, yet children rank low on our national priority list. On any given day in the United States, a child drops out of school every eight seconds, and every 26 seconds, a child runs away from home. A child is abused every 47 seconds, and a teen gives birth every 67 seconds. Every seven minutes, a child is arrested for a drug-related crime; a child is killed or injured every 36 minutes by a gun; and a staggering 135,000 children bring guns to school every day.2 Rural and urban leaders in America seem unwilling to address the underlying causes of these statistical profiles. In 1988, over 12 million children in the United States—one in five—were living in poverty, a condition long recognized as a cause of crime.3 AfricanAmerican and Hispanic children are among America's poorest citizens and are at great risk of becoming school dropouts, unemployed adults, victims of crime, and prison inmates.4 In addition, African-American children are at high risk of premature death as victims of homicide, accidents, and chronic disease. The number of American children living in poverty increased 23 percent between 1979 and 1988.3 Despite these alarming trends and social indicators, Congress has consistently failed to enact policies which would protect our children.1 At a time when the United States commands the technology to send men to the moon or to rapidly deploy hundreds of thousands of soldiers to a desert halfway across the world, the plight of our children is represented by these basic facts: • One in five children lives in poverty.3 • More than 12 million children and more than 14 million women of childbearing age have no health insurance.3 • The United States ranks 19th in the world in preventing infant deaths, behind Hong Kong, Spain, and war...