Universitas Bhayangkara Surabaya

Systematic review and meta-analysis. To investigate the efficacy and safety of intradiscal mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) injection for patients with degenerative disc disease (DDD). DDD is a common cause of chronic low-back pain (CLBP). Studies have shown that MSC therapy may have the potential to reverse the degenerative process. However, the evidence remains inconclusive. A comprehensive search of Europe PMC, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Medline was conducted up to April 30, 2025, using relevant keywords. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing intradiscal MSC injections with sham/placebo in patients with DDD were included. Random-effects models were used to calculate the odds ratios and mean differences (MDs). Seven RCTs were included. MSC injection was associated with significantly greater reductions in Visual Analog Scale pain scores (MD, 6.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], -9.31 to -4.02; p<0.00001, I2=29%) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) (MD, -4.05%; 95% CI, -5.24 to -2.87; p<0.00001, I2=32%) compared with sham/placebo. The magnitude of improvement increased with longer followup. No significant differences were observed between groups in treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, treatment discontinuation due to AEs, or mortality. Intradiscal MSC injection appears to be a safe and effective therapy, offering modest improvements in pain and function for patients with CLBP due to DDD who do not respond to conservative treatments.

Fraud remains a persistent challenge in organizations, occurring even in environments equipped with qualified accounting personnel and formal internal control systems, highlighting the limitations of technical and procedural measures alone. This study aims to examine the role of work ethics in mediating the influence of accounting human resource competency and internal control systems on fraud prevention. A literature-based methodology was employed, utilizing primary and secondary data from books, journals, research reports, and other scholarly publications relevant to accounting competency, ethical behavior, and organizational controls. The analysis was conducted using qualitative content analysis to identify patterns, relationships, and conceptual linkages among the variables. The findings indicate that accounting competency and internal control systems provide necessary structural and technical foundations but are insufficient for effective fraud prevention without ethical mediation. Work ethics serve as a critical behavioral mechanism, guiding moral judgment, reducing rationalization, and ensuring the responsible application of accounting knowledge and control practices. Consequently, the study concludes that sustainable fraud prevention requires an integrated approach in which ethical values, professional competency, and internal controls operate cohesively. By positioning work ethics as the central mediating factor, the research underscores the importance of ethical development in enhancing organizational integrity and minimizing fraud risk.

Employee productivity remains a critical issue for organizations facing increasing competition and rapid environmental change. Prior studies indicate that employee competency plays a central role in enhancing productivity; however, the mechanisms through which this relationship operates remain fragmented. This study aims to systematically review international empirical research examining the influence of employee competency on employee productivity, with motivation and recruitment analysis as additional explanatory variables. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted using the PRISMA model to ensure transparency and methodological rigor. Ten international journal articles published between 2015 and 2024 were selected from reputable databases, including Scopus and Google Scholar. The findings indicate that competency consistently demonstrates a strong positive relationship with employee productivity. Motivation frequently acts as a mediating mechanism that strengthens the competency–productivity link, while recruitment analysis functions as an upstream organizational practice that ensures competency alignment and productivity sustainability. This review contributes by integrating competency, motivation, and recruitment analysis into a unified conceptual framework for employee productivity. The study offers theoretical implications for human resource management literature and practical guidance for organizations seeking to enhance workforce productivity through strategic recruitment, competency development, and motivational systems.

Background: Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) remains a common urologic malignancy with substantial mortality. The tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), promotes extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, immune evasion, and treatment resistance, suggesting CAFs may serve as prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Objective: To evaluate the association between CAFs and overall survival (OS) in BUC and identify clinically relevant CAF-related markers. Methods: A PRISMA-guided systematic review was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Taylor &amp; Francis, ProQuest, Scopus, and EMBASE (2015–2025). Eligible human studies assessing CAFs/CAF-signatures in BUC were included. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I. Results: Nine studies were included. Across cohorts, elevated CAF abundance or CAF-related markers consistently correlated with poorer outcomes. High CAF infiltration in TCGA-BLCA was associated with reduced OS (p=0.003) and advanced stage (p&lt;0.001). Stromal markers such as FAP (HR=2.06) and PDGFRβ (HR=1.75) predicted worse OS, with FAP-dominant phenotypes showing the lowest survival. myCAF- and iCAF-high subtypes were linked to shorter OS (e.g., iCAF cluster p=0.024). Multiple CAF-based gene signatures (e.g., 7-gene models) stratified mortality risk (multivariate HR up to 3.51; AUC 0.88). COL10A1 overexpression also predicted inferior OS. A fibroblast-related gene index (FRGI) showed strong performance in ICI-treated patients (1-year OS AUC=0.95) and was enriched in non-responders. Conclusion: CAF abundance and subtype composition are robust adverse prognostic indicators in BUC and show promise for risk stratification and treatment decision support, particularly for immunotherapy responsiveness.

The era of globalization has profoundly influenced various aspects of human life, breaking down national boundaries and reshaping international relations through advancements in information and communication technology. In Indonesia, this has significantly impacted industries such as trade, manufacturing, and services. Organizations face intense competition, making employee commitment essential for achieving company goals. Harmonious interpersonal relationships among employees foster trust and togetherness, which are crucial for sustaining high organizational commitment. Without mutual trust and group cohesion, employee commitment diminishes, reducing overall work performance. Clear and jointly established organizational goals provide guidance on responsibilities, workloads, and performance targets while serving as motivational challenges to enhance employee productivity. This study employs multiple linear regression analysis to examine the relationship between motivation, organizational commitment, and employee work performance. The simultaneous F test indicates a significant influence of independent variables on the dependent variable, with a calculated F value of 28.9701 exceeding the F table value of 3.19. The coefficient of determination (R²) is 0.5418, showing that 54.18% of the variance in employee performance is explained by motivation (X1) and organizational commitment (X2), while the multiple correlation coefficient (R) of 0.7361 indicates a strong overall relationship. Partially, organizational commitment exerts the most dominant effect on work performance, with a calculated t value of 5.4485 exceeding the t table value of 2.0096. Factors contributing to this influence include alignment of job characteristics with employee expectations, opportunities for skill development, provision of alternative job options, and organizational support for knowledge enhancement, all of which collectively improve employee work performance.

Purpose: This study analyzes standard clauses in online loan agreements in Indonesia, which often cause injustice to consumers. The use of standardized clauses has become increasingly common in digital financial services, but these clauses are often one-sided, favoring the service providers over consumers. This issue can lead to significant legal and ethical concerns. Methodology/approach: This study uses a normative juridical research method with a literature study approach, reviewing relevant regulations, including Law Number 8 Year 1999 on Consumer Protection (UUPK), along with other applicable consumer protection laws in Indonesia. By analyzing the current legal framework and court decisions, the research aims to uncover the practical implications of these clauses. Results/findings: The results indicate that standard clauses such as exoneration clauses, opaque fines, and misuse of personal data often disadvantage consumers by limiting their rights and withholding key information. Conclusions: The use of standard clauses in online loan agreements in Indonesia continues to create problems due to unequal rights and obligations between providers and consumers. Although regulations exist, weak enforcement and low consumer awareness limit effective protection. Limitations: Although the GCPL (Government Consumer Protection Law) has regulated the prohibition of harmful clauses, implementation in the field is still weak due to a lack of supervision, low consumer literacy, and limited access to legal recourse. Contribution: This study highlights the need to strengthen regulations, improve consumer education, and enhance supervision of online loan providers to ensure fair, balanced, and transparent consumer protection.

This study aims to optimize oil production allocation in an upstream field in East Kalimantan, where significant deviations of 12–15% were observed between actual and theoretical results exceeding the industry tolerance of 5–10%. The approach uses Nodal Analysis to model well performance based on historical production data, pressure, and fluid properties. To improve accuracy, a BS&amp;W (Basic Sediment and Water) correction factor is introduced to account for variations in fluid composition, which often lead to miscalculations in clean oil volumes. By applying these corrections to back allocation calculations, the model yields more accurate estimates of each well's contribution. The study also addresses operational limitations, such as the absence of test separators and limited personnel, which reduce well testing reliability. Results show that this combined method significantly reduces deviation—sometimes below 10%—without requiring additional infrastructure. It offers a practical, low-cost solution that can be applied in similar field conditions to enhance allocation accuracy.

Collaborative filtering is one of the most used techniques in recommendation systems. This technique generates items by analyzing similarities between users based on their preferences and behavior. When recommending items to users, there is one final step that is crucial, namely, predicting the ratings that users have not yet given to specific items. A technique often used in final rating prediction is Gradient Boosting. This study aims to compare and evaluate the performance of three gradient boosting algorithms, namely LightGBM, XGBoost, and CatBoost. The datasets used are MovieLens 1M and 100K, which have high sparsity levels. Model performance is evaluated using two primary metrics: Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). The results show that the XGBoost algorithm performs best on all datasets. On MovieLens 100K, XGBoost obtained an RMSE value of 0.9413 and an MAE value of 0.7446, while LightGBM obtained an RMSE value of 0.9427 and an MAE value of 0.7462, and CatBoost obtained an RMSE value of 0.9487. MAE 0.7515. Meanwhile, on the MovieLens 1M dataset, XGBoost achieved an RMSE value of 0.9051 and an MAE of 0.7148, while LightGBM obtained an RMSE value of 0.9124 and an MAE of 0.7215. The CatBoost algorithm achieved an RMSE value of 0.9135 and an MAE of 0.7222. This finding confirms that choosing the correct algorithm can have a significant impact on the performance of recommendation systems.

The financial industry faces increasingly complex challenges in managing various types of risks that threaten the stability and sustainability of its operations. The global financial crisis of 2008 provided valuable lessons on the importance of an integrated and comprehensive risk management system. This event prompted regulators and practitioners to adopt a more holistic approach to identifying, measuring, and controlling risk.