Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a metaverse-based adaptive gamified learning game to enhance mathematical motivation, problem-solving skills, and cognitive engagement of teacher education students. The research specifically sought to produce a valid, practical, and effective learning system that addresses low motivation, mathematics anxiety, and limited higher-order thinking skills commonly found in teacher education. Using a research and development (R&D) approach with a 4D model (define, design, develop, disseminate), the study integrated immersive digital environments with adaptive gamification strategies. The adaptive mechanism personalizes learning by dynamically adjusting task difficulty, feedback, and learning pathways based on students’ performance and progression. The learning content focuses on core elementary mathematics topics, particularly geometry and basic problem-solving concepts. The system was implemented over a six-week intervention period and evaluated using a quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design involving 60 teacher education students. Data were collected through expert validation, black box testing, practicality testing, and pre–post assessments. Validation results indicated high validity for material (90.90%), media (89.94%), and instructional design (90.40%). Black box testing achieved a 100% success rate, and practicality testing yielded an overall score of 90.17%, demonstrating strong usability. Effectiveness analysis revealed significant improvements across all measured outcomes (p < 0.001). The disseminate stage resulted in a finalized and classroom-ready learning product that is feasible for broader implementation in teacher education programs. These findings confirm that metaverse-based adaptive gamified learning can effectively enhance mathematics learning outcomes while strengthening digital pedagogical competencies aligned with Education 4.0.

Financial literacy is an essential competency for the younger generation to face the dynamics of the digital economy, but currently there is still a wide gap between the level of conceptual knowledge and the actual practice of pocket money management among teenagers. The focus of this research problem is to analyze the in-depth relationship between financial literacy and pocket money management behavior among 10th grade students of SMA Mu'allimin Muhammadiyah West Lombok in the Islamic boarding school education ecosystem. This study uses a quantitative approach with an exploratory correlational design to twenty respondents through a saturated sampling technique. The systematic research stages involved distributing a five-point Likert scale questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability, followed by data analysis using descriptive statistics and Spearman's correlation test. The results showed an average financial literacy score of 23.40 and a pocket money management score of 6.50. Quantitative findings revealed a very strong and significant positive relationship between the two variables with a Spearman correlation coefficient value of 0.974 at a significance level of 0.000. The main conclusion confirms that mastery of financial concepts, positive attitudes, and access to information play a crucial role in shaping students' financial behavior that is much more planned, responsible, and rational. This study suggests the integration of financial education programs based on real economic behavior habits in schools to strengthen students' financial independence in a comprehensive and sustainable manner. ABSTRAK Literasi keuangan merupakan kompetensi esensial bagi generasi muda guna menghadapi dinamika ekonomi digital, namun saat ini masih terdapat kesenjangan lebar antara tingkat pengetahuan konseptual dan praktik nyata pengelolaan uang saku di kalangan remaja. Fokus masalah penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kaitan mendalam antara literasi keuangan dengan perilaku pengelolaan uang saku pada siswa kelas X SMA Mu’allimin Muhammadiyah Lombok Barat dalam ekosistem pendidikan pesantren. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain korelasional eksploratif terhadap dua puluh responden melalui teknik sampling jenuh. Tahapan penelitian sistematis melibatkan penyebaran kuesioner skala Likert lima poin yang telah teruji validitas serta reliabilitasnya, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata-rata literasi keuangan sebesar 23,40 dan skor pengelolaan uang saku sebesar 6,50. Temuan kuantitatif mengungkap adanya hubungan positif yang sangat kuat dan signifikan antara kedua variabel tersebut dengan nilai koefisien korelasi Spearman sebesar 0,974 pada taraf signifikansi 0,000. Simpulan utama menegaskan bahwa penguasaan konsep keuangan, sikap positif, serta akses informasi berperan sangat krusial dalam membentuk perilaku finansial siswa yang jauh lebih terencana, bertanggung jawab, dan rasional. Studi ini menyarankan integrasi program pendidikan keuangan berbasis pembiasaan perilaku ekonomi nyata di sekolah guna memperkuat kemandirian finansial siswa secara komprehensif serta berkelanjutan.

This study aims to develop an Integrative Model of Mathematical Well-Being and Anxiety Reduction (I-WARM) based on the perspectives of secondary school teachers and students in Kupang City, Indonesia. A mixed-methods sequential exploratory design was employed, involving 211 students and 32 mathematics teachers. Quantitative data were collected through Likert-scale questionnaires to measure levels of mathematical well-being and mathematics anxiety, while qualitative data explored pedagogical practices and classroom environments that support students’ well-being. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to describe the level of each variable, instrument validity and reliability tests (through item-total correlation and Cronbach’s Alpha), and Pearson correlation analysis. Meanwhile, qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques through the processes of data reduction, coding, categorization, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that students’ mathematical well-being was at a moderate to high level, whereas mathematics anxiety was at a moderate level. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between mathematical well-being and mathematics anxiety (r = −0.236, p < 0.05). Qualitative results highlight autonomy-supportive teaching, competence development, and social relatedness as key protective factors against mathematics anxiety. By synthesizing Self-Determination Theory and Control-Value Theory, the proposed I-WARM model provides a conceptual roadmap for educators to foster resilient learning environments. These findings suggest that reducing anxiety requires a shift from deficit-based interventions to well-being-centered pedagogical strategies.

Background: A gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus, is known for causing infections in areas like the skin, lungs, and mouth, and has spurred interest in natural remedies due to growing antibiotic resistance. This has led researchers to explore alternatives from sources such as Robusta coffee beans (Coffea canephora var. robusta), which contain potent bioactive substances. Purpose: The review aims to elaborate on the effectiveness of Robusta coffee beans in combating pathogens like S. aureus and to pinpoint the key ingredients contributing to their antibacterial activity. Reviews: Research indicates that Robusta coffee beans are rich in active elements (caffeine, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and trigonelline), all of which demonstrate antimicrobial and antivirulence capabilities. These compounds work by compromising the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane, blocking protein production, and weakening the cell wall, ultimately resulting in cell breakdown. Chlorogenic acid, the most abundant of these, shows both inhibitory and lethal effects on bacteria. S. aureus is notorious for building tolerance to multiple antibiotics, complicating treatment. This challenge stems from its harmful traits, notably Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL), which boosts its danger by destroying leukocytes and triggering tissue necrosis. Conclusion: Robusta coffee beans (C. canephora var. robusta) have great potential antibacterial activity attributed to their bioactive compounds, which inhibit pathogens such as S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Salmonella typhi. These findings suggest that robusta coffee beans may serve as a viable source for developing alternative natural antibacterial formulations, particularly against S. aureus associated infections.

The relationship with parents and the parenting style applied are important aspects of a child's psychological development. One type of parenting style is authoritative parenting, which is an upbringing that is supportive and responsive to children, but still provides boundaries in the form of firm behavior towards children. Good levels happiness and emotional maturity can also result from good parenting and upbringing from their parents. Emotional maturity itself is a condition characterized by the ability to control and control one's emotions in various situations. This study aims to see the influence of authoritative parenting styl on emotional maturity. Sampling in this study using purposive sampling with a sample of 164 people at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. Data collection was carried out using two scales, namely authoritative parenting and emotional maturity, then the resulting data was analyzed using simple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of linear regression analysis, it can be seen that there is a significa influence between authoritative parenting and emotion maturity. The result showed that the research hypothesis was accepted with a p-value <.001 (p <0.05).

Background: Malnutrition among children remains a major public health concern in Indonesia, despite a gradual decline in prevalence. Parental occupation and caregiving capacity have been suggested as key determinants influencing nutritional outcomes. Objective: To investigate the association between parental occupation and malnutrition among children in a hospital-based setting. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using medical records of 90 malnourished children admitted to the Pediatric Ward of University of Muhammadiyah Malang Hospital. Results: Of the 90 patients, 25 (27.8%) were classified as severely malnourished. A significant association was found between parental occupation and malnutrition severity (p: 0.001), with children of formally employed parents more likely to experience severe malnutrition. Gender differences were also significant (p: 0.047), with a higher proportion of girls in the severe malnutrition group. No significant differences were found in age, comorbidities, or district of residence. Conclusion: Parental occupation is significantly associated with the severity of malnutrition in children. Formal employment may limit caregiving capacity and feeding practices, increasing the risk of severe malnutrition. Interventions should focus on caregiver support, nutritional education, and workplace policies to improve child health outcomes.

Background: Nosocomial infections pose a significant risk in hospitals, with fungi accounting for 14.7% of cases. Patients in Class III inpatient rooms are particularly vulnerable due to low immunity. Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) stem contains antifungal terpenoids like citronellal (84.4%), offering a potential intervention. Objective: To determine the effect of a kaffir lime stem extract diffuser on airborne fungal growth in Class III inpatient rooms. Methods: An experimental pre-post test-only group design was employed. Sixteen sample groups were used: 4 negative controls and 12 treatment groups exposed to diffused extract at concentrations of 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% for 55, 110, and 165 minutes. Data were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA. Results: A significant reduction in fungal colony count was observed, influenced by both extract concentration (p=0.048) and exposure duration (p=0.000). Post Hoc Bonferroni analysis identified 25% concentration and 165 minutes of exposure as the optimal parameters. Predominant fungi identified were Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus spp., and Candida albicans. Conclusion: Diffusing kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) stem extract significantly inhibits the growth of airborne mold in Class III inpatient rooms, with concentration and exposure time being critical factors. The extract has potential for the prevention of nosocomial infections.