Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis akibat hukum pemutusan kerja secara sepihak yang tidak berdasarkan Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 serta untuk mengetahui upaya hukum jika terjadi Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja sepihak oleh suatu perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan hukum normatif, adapun hasil penelitian yaitu Pertama: akibat hukum pemutusan hubungan kerja sepihak oleh pengusaha yang tidak berdasar pada Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 Tentang Ketenagakerjaan adalah batal demi hukum selain itu apabila PHK tidak terhindarkan pengusaha wajib membayar uang pesangon, uang penghargaan serta uang pengganti hak yang besarannya telah diatur dalam UU Ketenagakerjaan. Kedua: upaya hukum yang dapat ditempuh jika terjadi pemutusan hubungan kerja sepihak oleh suatu perusahaan adalah dengan menempuh jalur Non Litigasi diantaranya bipartit, mediasi, konsiliasi, arbitrase, sebagai syarat untuk menempuh jalur Litigasi melalui gugatan di Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial. Abstract: This research aims to determine and analyze the legal consequences of unilateral termination of employment not based on Law Number 13 of 2003 Concerning Manpower and to determine the legal remedies in the event of unilateral termination of employment by a company. This research uses a normative legal approach. The results of the research are as follows: first, the legal consequences of unilateral termination of employment by employers not based on Law Number 13 of 2003 Concerning Manpower are null and void. Furthermore, if the termination is unavoidable, the employer is obliged to pay severance pay, reward money, and compensation for rights, the amounts of which are regulated in the Manpower Law. Second: Legal remedies that can be taken in the event of unilateral termination of employment by a company include non-litigation, including bipartite negotiations, mediation, conciliation, and arbitration, as a prerequisite for pursuing litigation through a lawsuit in the Industrial Relations Court.

This study aims to analyze the criminal law provisions governing the crime of physical violence against wives within the household and to assess the extent to which legal protection for victims has been implemented from a victim-oriented perspective. The research method used is normative juridical legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches. The legal materials used consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, which are analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method. The results of the study indicate that the criminal law provisions in Indonesia regulating physical violence against wives in the household are stipulated in Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence, which provides special protection for victims and establishes criminal sanctions for perpetrators of violence. Legal protection for victims of physical violence against wives in the household is carried out through preventive and repressive measures. Preventive protection is implemented by strengthening social networks, understanding local cultural wisdom and religious values, and reinforcing the economic foundations of the family. Meanwhile, repressive protection is provided through temporary protection and protection based on court orders. This study recommends that the government and law enforcement officials optimize the implementation of criminal provisions stipulated in legislation, particularly by strengthening victim protection mechanisms, legal assistance, and psychological and social recovery. In addition, increased coordination among relevant institutions, legal awareness campaigns for the community, and more effective supervision in the law enforcement process are needed to ensure that victims receive maximum protection and that perpetrators receive sanctions that create a deterrent effect.

The criminalization of pornography in Indonesian criminal law raises significant interpretative challenges, particularly in determining the boundaries of intent (dolus) and criminal liability in the digital era. This study aims to analyze the legal qualification of the act of intentionally creating pornographic content and to examine the extent of criminal responsibility when such content is disseminated without the direct intent or control of the creator. Employing a normative juridical method with a case approach, this research focuses on Decision Number 51/Pid.B/2021/PN.Mgn as an empirical basis for analysis. The findings reveal that the application of law in such cases tends to emphasize the fulfillment of actus reus while insufficiently examining the element of mens rea, particularly the intent to distribute or make the content accessible to the public. The case demonstrates that the defendant’s intent was limited to private recording, whereas the dissemination occurred due to third-party intervention. This condition raises critical issues regarding causality, where the concept of novus actus interveniens should be considered as a factor that breaks the chain of criminal liability. The study also identifies a tendency toward overcriminalization, resulting from a formalistic interpretation of legal provisions without adequate consideration of context, proportionality, and individual fault. This research contributes to the existing literature by offering a novel perspective on the reinterpretation of intent in pornography-related offenses, particularly in situations involving loss of digital control. It argues for a more contextual and substantive approach in assessing criminal liability, distinguishing clearly between private acts and public consequences. The study recommends legislative reform to clarify the boundaries between the creation and dissemination of pornographic content, as well as the development of judicial guidelines to ensure consistent and proportionate law enforcement in the digital age.

Disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as heartburn, bleeding, and difficulty swallowing, are often experienced by many patients. Endoscopy is an important procedure in diagnosing disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Ibnu Sina Hospital in Makassar routinely performs endoscopy on patients with these complaints, but data on the characteristics of patients undergoing this procedure in 2023 is not widely available. This study used a descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 260 patients who underwent endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal complaints at Ibnu Sina Hospital in Makassar in 2023. Data were collected through patient medical records, which included demographic information, main complaints, and diagnoses found after endoscopy. The results showed that heartburn was the most common complaint (61.2%), followed by upper gastrointestinal bleeding (28.5%) and difficulty swallowing (5%). Gastritis was found to be the most common diagnosis (30.4%), followed by esophagitis and GERD (21.2%). Demographic factors such as age, gender, education, and occupation influenced the distribution of the disease. This study emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach in treating patients with upper gastrointestinal disorders, taking into account social, economic, and lifestyle factors. In addition, early detection through endoscopy needs to be improved to identify gastrointestinal problems more effectively.

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the application of the death penalty from the perspective of Indonesian criminal law and Islamic law. The study was conducted to identify common ground and principal differences between the two in upholding justice and protecting human values. The method used was normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach, sourced from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal sources through literature review. The results indicate that in Indonesian criminal law, the application of the death penalty is intended for crimes deemed beyond the bounds of humanity, such as drug abuse, terrorism, premeditated murder, and serious assault resulting in a cruel death. Meanwhile, in Islamic law, the death penalty (qisash) is imposed on perpetrators of intentional murder, adultery (muhshan), robbery (hirabah), rebellion (bughat), and apostasy. Islamic Sharia places the death penalty as an instrument of justice aimed at preserving life, social order, and human dignity. This study recommends that the implementation of the death penalty in Indonesia be accompanied by a clear time limit at each stage of the legal process to avoid legal uncertainty. In addition, interpretation of Islamic legal texts needs to be done contextually so that they are relevant to the development of modern legal systems and human values.

Ketersediaan darah sangat bergantung pada partisipasi pendonor darah sukarela, namun di Indonesia, termasuk Kota Makassar, pasokan darah masih menghadapi tantangan keberlanjutan. Di era digital, media sosial berpotensi menjadi sarana edukasi kesehatan yang efektif untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan partisipasi donor darah, tetapi efektivitasnya dalam konteks lokal belum sepenuhnya dipahami. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas edukasi melalui media sosial terhadap motivasi pendonor darah sukarela, hubungan motivasi pendonor dengan prevalensi pendonor darah sukarela, serta distribusi pemanfaatan media sosial oleh pendonor darah di Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel sebanyak 98 pendonor darah dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner untuk mengukur efektivitas edukasi media sosial dan tingkat motivasi pendonor, sedangkan data sekunder prevalensi pendonor diperoleh dari UTD PMI Kota Makassar dan UDD PMI Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Analisis bivariat dilakukan menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Prevalensi pendonor darah sukarela di Kota Makassar sebesar 4,17%, melebihi standar minimal WHO. Sebagian besar responden memanfaatkan media sosial secara sering hingga sangat sering, dengan Instagram sebagai platform utama. Mayoritas responden menilai media sosial efektif sebagai sumber edukasi donor darah, dan tingkat motivasi pendonor berada pada kategori tinggi hingga sedang. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara efektivitas penggunaan media sosial dan tingkat motivasi pendonor darah sukarela (p = 0,038). Edukasi melalui media sosial berperan penting dalam meningkatkan motivasi pendonor darah dan berkontribusi terhadap tingginya prevalensi pendonor darah sukarela di Kota Makassar.

Low Back Pain (LBP) merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sering dialami oleh tenaga medis, termasuk perawat, dengan berbagai faktor risiko seperti posisi tubuh yang buruk, kelelahan, dan beban fisik yang tinggi. Salah satu faktor yang berkontribusi pada LBP adalah obesitas, yang dapat meningkatkan tekanan pada tulang belakang dan memperburuk postur tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara obesitas dan kejadian LBP pada perawat di Rumah Sakit Mitra Manakarra pada tahun 2025. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan observasional dengan desain cross-sectional, melibatkan 37 perawat yang dipilih secara acak dengan teknik simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan wawancara, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square dari total 55 populasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa obesitas berhubungan signifikan dengan peningkatan keparahan LBP. Sebagian besar perawat dengan obesitas mengalami disabilitas sangat parah akibat LBP, sementara perawat dengan IMT normal lebih banyak mengalami disabilitas minimal. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa obesitas dapat meningkatkan keparahan LBP pada perawat dan merekomendasikan pengembangan program pencegahan yang mencakup pelatihan ergonomi, peningkatan aktivitas fisik, dan pengelolaan pola makan sehat. Penelitian lebih lanjut dengan desain longitudinal diperlukan untuk memahami dampak jangka panjang obesitas terhadap LBP.

This research aims to analyze the process of criminalizing children and actions against delinquent children at the Maros District Court, as well as the obstacles faced in its implementation. The research method used was qualitative with interview and documentation techniques at the Maros District Court and the Maros Class II State Detention Center. The research results reveal that the implementation of Law no. 11 of 2012 Juncto Law no. 3 of 1979 concerning the Juvenile Court in Maros Prison has considered the statements of witnesses and victims in the criminal sentencing process. Punishment is generally imposed on children who commit crimes, except serious crimes, by considering negotiations and alternative sanctions. This opinion is generally held by juvenile court judges and greatly influences decision making. As a country that is legally bound by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, Indonesia is obliged to protect children who are in conflict with the law. Law no. 11 of 2012 Juncto Law no. 3 of 1979 concerning Children's Courts is expected to be a control in law enforcement that protects children's rights.

Marriage registration at the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) is still largely carried out using conventional methods, which gives rise to various problems such as document accumulation, the risk of file loss, data recording errors, and delays in the verification process, particularly for prospective couples who live far from the KUA office. This process requires prospective couples to visit the KUA office in person and submit physical documents, making it inefficient and ineffective. This study aims to develop a website-based marriage registration system that facilitates online registration for prospective couples and regulates the service order in an orderly and fair. This study applies the First Come First Served (FCFS) method to regulate the order of marriage registration based on the time of registration, ensuring a fair and orderly service process. Furthermore, the system development is carried out using the Waterfall approach, which includes the stages of requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. The results show that the website-based marriage registration system operates according to the designed workflow. Alpha testing indicates that all main features function as specified, while beta testing obtained an average score of 4.18 with a percentage of 83.6%, which falls into the good category. These results indicate that the system is well accepted by users and suitable for implementation at the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA).

Tinea corporis is a superficial dermatophyte infection of the skin commonly found in tropical regions due to hot and humid environmental conditions. This disease is characterized by well-defined, scaly, annular lesions accompanied by pruritus, and is influenced by various risk factors such as age, gender, personal hygiene, and comorbidities. Various topical and systemic antifungal therapies have been used in the treatment of tinea corporis, but their effectiveness can vary depending on the clinical presentation and patient characteristics. This study is a literature review conducted by reviewing research articles related to the clinical presentation and effectiveness of antifungal therapy in cases of tinea corporis in tropical regions. The literature search was conducted through Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, Elsevier, and NCBI databases. A total of 10 articles published between 2021 and 2025 that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed descriptively and synthesized narratively. The review indicates that Trichophyton rubrum is the most common cause of tinea corporis. Topical antifungal therapy is effective in mild to moderate cases, while systemic therapies such as itraconazole, terbinafine, and griseofulvin are more effective in extensive, chronic, or resistant cases. The combination of topical and systemic therapy shows a higher cure rate and reduces recurrence rates. The clinical presentation and response to therapy for tinea corporis in tropical regions are influenced by environmental factors, patient characteristics, and the choice of antifungal regimen. Appropriate clinical evaluation and rational use of antifungal therapy, both topical and systemic, are crucial for achieving optimal cure and preventing recurrence.