Universitas Tunas Pembangunan

Background : Cancer remains a major cause of mortality worldwide, with the PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway playing a crucial role in tumor progression, proliferation, and therapeutic resistance. Although several dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors have been developed, their clinical outcomes remain limited due to poor bioavailability, significant toxicities, and rapid resistance. Molecular hybridization offers a rational strategy to address these limitations by integrating multiple pharmacophores into a single scaffold. Aim : This study aimed to design and evaluate thiourea–pyrazolopyrimidine hybrids as potential dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors using in silico approaches, supported by the preliminary synthesis of precursor molecules. Materials and methods : Eighty hybrid compounds were generated using ChemDraw and MarvinSketch, optimized by energy minimization, and docked against PI3K (PDB ID: 3L54) and mTOR (PDB ID: 4JT6) using AutoDock 4.2. The best candidates were further validated through 30 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using Desmond, while pharmacokinetic and toxicity properties were assessed using pkCSM. Results : Several derivatives, particularly 2-phenylbenzoate and 4-thiophen analogs, demonstrated stronger binding affinities than native ligands, supported by stable hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. MD simulations confirmed the stability of the complexes, with RMSD and RMSF values indicating consistent conformations throughout the trajectory. ADMET predictions suggested favorable absorption, low CYP450 inhibition, and reduced mutagenic potential, especially for CF 3 and lipophilic substituents. Conclusion : In conclusion, thiourea–pyrazolopyrimidine hybrids exhibit promising dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitory potential with enhanced pharmacokinetic and safety profiles compared to lead compounds. These results establish a solid foundation for further synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation as novel anticancer candidates.

Absensi merupakan data kuantitatif yang mencerminkan tingkat kedisiplinan pegawai dan berpotensi digunakan sebagai dasar evaluasi kinerja. Namun, pada banyak instansi, data absensi belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal dalam pengambilan keputusan terkait pengelolaan pegawai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengelompokkan kinerja pegawai berdasarkan data absensi menggunakan algoritma K-Means Clustering dengan pendekatan Elbow Method. Data yang dianalisis terdiri dari 57 pegawai dengan atribut jumlah keterlambatan, ketidakhadiran, dan absen kosong. Proses penelitian dimulai dari pengumpulan data, pra-pemrosesan, hingga proses klasterisasi. Penentuan jumlah klaster optimal dilakukan dengan Elbow Method menggunakan Python, yang menunjukkan nilai K terbaik adalah empat. Klasterisasi dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak RapidMiner, dengan menerapkan alur kerja berbasis visual untuk mengelompokkan pegawai berdasarkan kesamaan pola absensi. Hasil akhir menunjukkan terbentuknya empat klaster dengan karakteristik Key Performance Index (KPI) yang berbeda: sangat baik, baik, cukup, dan kurang. Klaster ini mencerminkan tingkat kedisiplinan pegawai yang dapat digunakan sebagai dasar evaluasi dan pengambilan keputusan manajerial secara objektif. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode klasterisasi berbasis data mining dapat menjadi alat bantu dalam analisis kinerja pegawai di lingkungan organisasi.

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder characterized by psychotic behavior, concrete thinking, and difficulties in processing information, affecting cognition, perception, emotion, movement, and behavior. Appropriate management of self-care deficits includes interventions aimed at improving personal hygiene. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of independent personal hygiene activities on the self-care independence of hospitalized patients with schizophrenia experiencing self-care deficits. This study employed a case report approach. Samples were selected using purposive sampling, and data were collected using a psychiatric nursing care format. The subjects consisted of four patients with schizophrenia who received nursing care including assessment, nursing diagnosis, intervention planning, implementation, and evaluation through the application of Implementation Strategies 1–4 (SP1–SP4). The results of the seven-day intervention showed that patients were able to perform self-care activities, including bathing (hygiene), grooming, eating and drinking, and toileting. These findings suggest that the application of personal hygiene interventions can improve patients’ ability to perform self-care independently. It can be concluded that the implementation of independent personal hygiene activities was successful in achieving good personal hygiene conditions among hospitalized patients with schizophrenia. Keywords: schizophrenia; self-care deficit; personal hygiene; implementation strategy

Diabetes mellitus tipe 2 menjadi tantangan kesehatan global yang membutuhkan terapi efektif dan aman. Daun kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) dipilih karena kandungan flavonoid, fenol, tanin, alkaloid, dan saponin yang berpotensi sebagai antidiabetes serta memiliki aktivitas antioksidan kuat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan dan mengevaluasi karakteristik buccal film yang mengandung nanoemulsi ekstrak daun kirinyuh sebagai alternatif penghantaran obat antidiabetes. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96% karena pelarut ini efektif mengekstraksi senyawa polar seperti flavonoid dan memberikan rendemen ekstrak yang optimal. Nanoemulsi dibuat dengan metode emulsifikasi spontan karena metode ini sederhana, murah, dan menghasilkan ukuran droplet nano yang stabil serta cepat terbentuk dalam media air, sehingga cocok untuk sistem penghantaran obat. Evaluasi karakteristik meliputi organoleptik, pH, ukuran globul, indeks polidispersitas, zeta potensial, viskositas, ketebalan, keseragaman bobot, daya tahan lipat, dan pH permukaan. Hasil menunjukkan ukuran globul nanoemulsi terbaik 22,06 nm, indeks polidispersitas 0,20, zeta potensial -7,30 mV, serta pH film 6,63–7,0, ketebalan 0,06–0,13 mm, dan daya tahan lipat lebih dari 300 kali, menandakan stabilitas dan fleksibilitas yang baik. Uji aktivitas antidiabetes pada mencit menunjukkan penurunan kadar gula darah signifikan dengan efektivitas sebanding kontrol positif. Penurunan glukosa darah didukung oleh kandungan flavonoid yang meningkatkan sekresi insulin, pengambilan glukosa di jaringan, dan sensitivitas jaringan terhadap insulin. Formulasi buccal film nanoemulsi ekstrak daun kirinyuh berpotensi sebagai sistem penghantaran obat antidiabetes yang efektif, stabil, dan mudah digunakan. Potensi aplikasi lebih lanjut meliputi pengembangan dosis optimal dan uji klinis untuk evaluasi efektivitas dan keamanan pada manusia.

Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth, but at elevated concentrations it can become toxic, particularly in agricultural systems transitioning to organic practices where organic fertilizers are applied intensively. This study aimed to evaluate the bioaccumulation of Cu and physiological stress responses in chili plants (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivated under varying doses of cattle manure in a transitional organic farming system. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design with manure application rates ranging from 15 to 50 tons per hectare. Observed parameters included yield, Cu concentration in the fruit, and food safety indicators such as Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF), Estimated Weekly Intake (EWI), Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI), and Target Hazard Quotient (THQ). The results showed that increasing manure dosage significantly enhanced fruit yield and Cu accumulation. However, no traces of cadmium (Cd) or lead (Pb) were detected, and Cu levels remained within acceptable food safety limits. The highest Cu concentration was observed at the highest manure dose, yet BAF and PTWI values indicated minimal risk to human health. These findings suggest that while cattle manure can improve crop productivity, it may also contribute to Cu accumulation that could trigger oxidative stress in plants. This research contributes to the scientific understanding of micronutrient dynamics, food safety, and plant stress physiology within sustainable organic farming systems.

This study explores the implementation of job rotation as a strategic tool to enhance sustainable business performance. Using a quantitative approach, data was collected from 100 respondents through a structured Likert-scale questionnaire. The study focuses on how job rotation influences key organizational elements such as employee development, work motivation, and adaptability, all of which are crucial for achieving sustainable performance. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 25, including descriptive statistics, validity and reliability testing, and simple linear regression. The findings indicate a positive and significant relationship between job rotation and sustainable business performance, with a regression coefficient of 0.712 and a significance value of 0.000. The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.552 suggests that job rotation accounts for 55.2% of the variance in sustainable business performance. This highlights the substantial role job rotation plays in improving long-term organizational sustainability. Additionally, the study provides practical implications for managers, urging them to design job rotation programs that align with organizational objectives and employee development needs. By doing so, companies can foster a more adaptable, motivated, and skilled workforce, which in turn supports the sustainability of their business performance. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of aligning job rotation practices with strategic human resource management efforts to maximize their impact on organizational sustainability. These findings contribute to the broader understanding of human resource management practices and their role in fostering long-term business success.

Pabrik Jamu Air Mancur merupakan salah satu industri obat tradisional di Indonesia yang telah menerapkan standardisasi modern dalam proses produksinya. Perubahan signifikan terjadi setelah pabrik ini diakuisisi oleh Combiphar Group pada akhir tahun 2019, yang membawa integrasi standar farmasi modern ke dalam industri jamu dan menuntut sistem penjaminan mutu yang lebih ketat. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan tinjauan lapangan mengenai alur produksi dan sistem penjaminan mutu di Pabrik Jamu Air Mancur. Kajian ini disusun berdasarkan hasil observasi langsung pada kegiatan Campus to Industry serta didukung oleh studi literatur dari sumber digital resmi. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa alur produksi telah terstandardisasi, mulai dari seleksi bahan baku (simplisia), proses ekstraksi, pengolahan, hingga pengemasan produk. Sistem penjaminan mutu tidak hanya berpedoman pada Cara Pembuatan Obat Tradisional yang Baik (CPOTB), tetapi juga mengadopsi prinsip quality assurance farmasi, seperti pengendalian pada titik kritis produksi (In-Process Control), uji mikrobiologi, dan pemantauan stabilitas produk. Penerapan standar mutu yang terintegrasi ini meningkatkan keamanan dan validitas produk, serta menunjukkan kemampuan industri jamu nasional untuk bersaing secara berkelanjutan.

The growth of online-based MSMEs in Indonesia is strengthening along with the increasing adoption of digital technology and the shift in consumer behavior to the online space. In the context of intense competition and high uncertainty of online transactions, brand awareness is a key element in building consumer trust. This study aims to explore the role of brand awareness in building consumer trust in online-based MSMEs through a literature review (library research). Data were collected from scientific journal articles and relevant books accessed online through Google Scholar and various other credible literature sources. The results of the study indicate that brand awareness not only functions as brand recognition but also serves as a gateway for the formation of consumer perceptions of quality, credibility, and a sense of security. Brand awareness contributes to various trust indicators, such as product reliability, brand integrity, transaction security, competence, performance consistency, goodwill, information transparency, reputation, after-sales service, and the quality of brand communication. In the online MSME ecosystem, digital marketing, social media, and marketplaces serve as strategic channels for building awareness and trust simultaneously. This study develops a conceptual model that positions brand awareness as an initial variable that influences the formation of consumer trust through factors such as product quality, reputation, consumer experience, and digital marketing effectiveness. These findings provide implications for online MSMEs to prioritize strengthening brand awareness as a fundamental strategy for building and maintaining consumer trust in a highly competitive digital environment.

Abstract Sustainable waste management and talent education play a transformative role in achieving environmental resilience. NGOs become vital actors in connecting community empowerment and principle-based management. However, studies rarely link NGOs’ sustainability programs with structured excellence models such as the Shingo framework. This study introduces a novel approach by applying the Shingo Model to evaluate the performance of NGOs in green talent education and waste innovation. Mixed data from 30 NGOs in Central Java and Yogyakarta were analyzed using non-parametric correlation tests and stakeholder perception mapping. Findings show that respect for people, continuous improvement, and people development significantly strengthen community participation, innovation, and education outcomes. The study contributes theoretically by extending the Shingo Model into non-profit sustainability contexts, providing practical insights for NGOs to design value-driven and measurable environmental programs.

Pendahuluan: Stomatitis Aftosa Rekuren (SAR) adalah inflamasi yang dapat terjadi pada mukosa mulut dengan ditandai oleh lesi putih pada rongga mulut. SAR dapat disebabkan oleh flora normal pada mulut seperti candida albicans. Gingerol merupakan senyawa polifenol pada jahe yang memiliki aktivitas antimikroba. Nanoteknologi dapat meningkatkann absorpsi dan luas permukaan zat aktif. Tujuan: Menguji aktivitas antijamur gingerol murni dan nanoemulsi gingerol dalam menghambat jamur Candida albicans dan mengetahui karakteristik dan mutu fisik evaluasi sediaan emulgel nanoemulsi gingerol. Metode: Melakukan karakteristik dan uji aktivitas gingerol murni dan nanoemulsi gingerol, evaluasi sediaan emulgel nanoemulsi gingerol dan uji stabilitas sediaan. Hasil: Zona hambat terbesar gingerol diperoleh pada kosentrasi 100% dalam 3 mL (b/v) sebesar 21,10 mm. Nanoemulsi Gingerol yang digunakan adalah formula I dengan hasil ukuran partikel sebesar 37,83 nm, PDI sebesar 0,45 dan zeta potensial sebesar -3,37mV. Uji Aktivitas nanoemulsi gingerol memiliki zona hambat terbesar pada 30g nanoemulsi yaitu 16,75 mm. Hasil evaluasi sediaan emulgel nanoemulsi gingerol pada setiap formula memenuhi syarat nilai rentang. Pada uji stabilitas semua formula tidak memiliki perbedaan yang drastis pada setiap siklus nya. Kesimpulan: Pada uji aktivitas gingerol dan nanoemulsi gingerol memiliki nilai sig0,05 sehingga terdapat perbedaan daya hambat terhadap jamur Candida albicans dan memiliki nilai evaluasi memenuhi nilai rentang persyaratan.