Universiti Malaysia Kelantan

ABSTRACT The global threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to public health, especially in the animal ecosystems, is alarming. This review focuses on how antimicrobial use in aquaculture and livestock contributes to the emergence and spread of AMR on the basis of a One Health (OH) approach. Aquaculture and livestock are essential for meeting the global food demand. However, the use of antimicrobials to manage diseases and promote growth has contributed to the menace of AMR in human and environmental health. We suggest that an integrated approach to AMR management could be achieved by applying OH, which recognizes the common existence and interconnectivity between human, animal, and environmental health. It highlights sustainable actions, international guidelines, and even cross‐sectoral collaboration. These are demonstrated through case studies of existing solutions from various regions, offering models that can be adapted globally. The review concludes with recommendations regarding the stewardship of antimicrobials, regulatory changes, and surveillance improvements to address the growing global threat that AMR poses.

Abstract Oncidium Golden Anniversary orchid is a hybrid variety from Oncidium spacelatum and Oncidesa sarcatum orchid. The yellow flowers that can bloom twice a year and last up to a month have made them into the market. However, this orchid flower is having difficulty when it requires strong, mature pseudobulbs to bloom. Pseudobulbs store the nutrients absorbed by the roots. Therefore, this research focuses on the roots’ growth in in vitro culture until the acclimatization stage. In this research, different concentrations of Indoleacetic Acid (IAA) with 0.5mg/L, 1.0mg/L, and 2.0mg/L, and different weights of activated charcoal (AC) (1.0g/L, and 2.0g/L) were used as additional rooting growth stimulators. These components had been added in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium to observe their effect on the root length, number of leaves, and number of roots. The result was recorded every four weeks. After in vitro growth, the orchids were acclimatized for a month to observe its survivability rate. Based on the result, treatment 10 with 0.5mg/L IAA and 2.0g/L AC gives the highest number of leaves, which is 9.72 ± 1.74. Moreover, the number of roots gained rapid growth under treatment 2 with 0.5mg/L IAA by 9.82 ± 3.45. Furthermore, the length of roots increased when applied to treatment 3, which contains 1.0mg/L IAA, which gives the longest roots of 93.95 ± 53.7mm. Under acclimatization stages, treatment 2 with 0.5mg/L gives the highest survivability rate (100%). In conclusion, the addition of IAA and activated charcoal has a positive effect on the growth of Oncidium Golden Anniversary orchid , either in the in vitro or acclimatization stage.

Abstract Goat production is important for food security and rural incomes, but feed shortages and poor ration quality continue to limit the growth of Malaysia’s dairy goat industry. This study examined the stability and feeding value of Napier grass–based total mixed ration (TMR) prepared as mash and pellets for pre-weaning Saanen kids. Formulations included Napier grass, copra cake, soybean meal, soyhull, rice bran, molasses, and minerals. Proximate composition was monitored for six weeks of storage under tropical conditions, and a 30-day feeding trial was conducted with 18 kids allocated to three groups: Control (commercial creep pellet), T1 (TMR mash), and T2 (TMR pellet). Nutrient analysis showed that pelleted TMR retained crude protein and ether extract more effectively than mash, which declined steadily over storage (p < 0.001). During the trial, kids fed T2 achieved the greatest average daily gain (79.44 ± 11.45 g/day), higher than both the Control (55.56 ± 6.32 g/day) and T1 (52.78 ± 7.81 g/day), but not significantly different. Feed intake was comparable across groups, though slightly higher in the TMR treatments (238.89 ± 34.63 g/day for T1; 237.39 ± 29.97 g/day for T2) than the Control (227.16 ± 10.12 g/day). Feed conversion ratio was most favourable in T2 (3.54 ± 0.79), indicating more efficient nutrient use. While differences in intake and efficiency were not statistically significant (p > 0.05), the consistent biological advantage of pellets was evident. These findings demonstrate that pelleted Napier-based TMR offers a practical and sustainable creep feed, combining greater nutrient stability with promising growth performance in young goats. Its adoption may reduce nutrient losses during storage and improve the efficiency of Malaysia’s dairy goat production systems.

This study examines the factors influencing the use of accounting information systems (AIS) among private universities in Indonesia, driven by contextual challenges within these institutions. Specifically, the study investigates the relationships between perceived experience, accounting training, task complexity, budget allocation, accounting knowledge, and subjective norms on the ease of use of AIS. The research adopts a quantitative approach and utilizes simple random sampling to recruit participants from 92 private higher education institutions in Indonesia. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS software 4.0. The findings indicate that work experience and accounting training have a significant impact on the adoption and use of AIS in these universities.

In this work, an electrically tunable metamaterial (MTM) based on a tetradecagonal-shaped complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) is presented. The design incorporates multiple tunable parameters, utilizing varactor diodes integrated into the front side of the tetradecagonal CSRR. We employed the robust reflection-transmission (RTR) method to extract the essential parameters of the MTMs. The tunable design includes two capacitors (C1 and C2) and two RF varactor diodes (D1 and D2) positioned within the gap. Key metamaterial parameters such as S21, effective negative permittivity (ENG), magnetic negative permeability (MNG), and the bandwidth of negative refractive index (NRI) across the frequency range of 1 to 15 GHz are simulated. The results indicate that these parameters exhibit consistent variation with changes in capacitance values from the varactor diodes. Specifically, the ENG bandwidth (BW) was observed to range from 4.8369 to 4.8858 GHz, and from 5.25 to 7.59 GHz.

Rapid population growth contributes to an increase in the volume of vehicles, creating major challenges in their management. One potential solution is the application of deep learning-based artificial intelligence technology for automatic detection of vehicle license plates. This research uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach to evaluate the performance of various deep learning architectures in the detection process. Out of 125 articles identified, 20 articles were selected based on specific selection criteria. The analysis revealed that preprocessing techniques, such as HE, AHE, ECHE, CLAHE, and ECLACHE, have significant contributions in the processing of vehicle license plate datasets. These techniques were able to improve the visual quality of the images, thus supporting the detection process with an accuracy rate of more than 95%. This research also identified challenges, such as high computational requirements and large-scale data processing. Further research is recommended to apply preprocessing on standardized datasets to develop a reliable, efficient and sustainable detection system.

Abstract Continuous and sustainable aquaculture development is essential to provide affordable protein sources for the global population. Nevertheless, the intensification of fish farming at high stocking density led to chronic crowding stress that could impair the growth performance, immune system, and antioxidant capacity of an aquaculture species. Consequently, the prevalence of disease outbreaks increases, resulting in low aquaculture production. Various countries remain highly dependent on antibiotics and chemotherapies to overcome this problem. Recently, researchers have proposed and developed alternative solutions using environmentally-friendly feed additives, such as probiotics, phytobiotics, and synthetic immune stimulants, to mitigate crowding stress. The feed additives reportedly alleviate crowding stress, promote growth performance, enhance gut microbiota, immune system, and antioxidant capacity, and stimulate disease resistance, contributing to the overall improvement of the health status of aquaculture species and boosting aquaculture production. The application of feed additives in aquafeed has been investigated in various aquaculture species to explore their beneficial effects at optimum doses. The study outcomes illustrated that feed additives in aquafeed are promising in mitigating crowding stress among aquaculture species. Herein, this review paper discussed and summarised the impacts of crowding stress on the growth, immune system, and antioxidant capacity of aquatic animals. In addition, this review highlighted the potential of feed additives such as probiotics, phytobiotics, and synthetic immune stimulants in mitigating crowding stress in aquatic animals.