University College South Denmark

Med udgangspunkt i 13 gruppeinterviews med i alt 31 fransk- og tyskstuderende fra tre danske universiteter belyses i denne artikel de studerendes kognitioner om sproglæring, både som proces (”at lære et sprog”) og som produkt (”at bruge et sprog” / sprogfærdighed) med særligt fokus på mundtlighed, og det diskuteres med afsæt i lærerkognitionsteori, hvorledes den sproglæringsopfattelse, som de studerende læser ud af sproguddannelserne, påvirker hele uddannelsessystemet. En udpræget fælles motiverende faktor for at studere sprog hos de studerende er forventningen om, at deres kommunikative kompetencer på det respektive fremmedsprog vil blive styrket. Imidlertid viser analysen af de studerendes kognitioner netop sproglæringselementet på uddannelserne som relativt fraværende og, når det forekommer, som et afkoblet element fra sproguddannelsernes andre fagelementer. De studerende oplever, at det er deres eget ansvar at forbedre deres sprogfærdighed og peger på et udlandsophold som stedet, hvor deres forventning om at blive bedre til sproget indfries. På denne måde bliver sproglæringsprocessen erfaringsbaseret og derudover afkoblet indholdsundervisningen, og produktet, sprogfærdigheden, synes at skulle komme af sig selv på de studerendes eget ansvar og særligt i forbindelse med udlandssemestret. Selvom Sprogløftet til en vis grad understreger denne oplevelse af afkoblethed, ser de studerende det også som en meget velkommen indsats.

<bold>Background:</bold> Telemonitoring (TM) is being integrated into treatment to enhance patients’ health skills. However, research is needed to understand the significance of patients’ individual resources and their social context in relation to TM. Therefore, we examined the views of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) on the Danish TM solution, TeleCOPD, and its role in developing health skills. <bold>Methods:</bold> We conducted a qualitative interview study comprised of five individual interviews with patients suffering from severe to very severe COPD and two group interviews with nurses and doctors recruited from Lillebælt Hospital in Denmark. A data-driven analysis was performed, followed by an analysis using Bourdieu’s Capital Theory converted into the field of health. Weber’s Ideal types were used as an analytical tool to link individuals’ motivations with their actions, aiming to identify patterns. <bold>Results:</bold> Based on the analysis, three distinct patient types were identified: The Health Enthusiast (take charge of their health), The Pragmatic (selective in health practices), and The Disease-oriented (passive health behavior). Each type is distinguished by factors that affect their health capital, behavior, and values. These factors may also partly explain whether they are offered TM and if they desire it. <bold>Conclusion:</bold> Our study reveals a discrepancy between the standardized design of TeleCOPD and patients’ need for individualized care. This misalignment may result in some patient opting out of TM or being excluded by HCPs. Contrary to its original purpose, TeleCOPD may increase health inequalities as some patients will presumably not be given access to the solution.

BackgroundMalnutrition is associated with adverse events, and nutritional status is a significant determinant of surgical outcomes. Its precise effect on typical postoperative outcomes after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), a common short-stay procedure carried out in a population that is generally healthy, is still up for debate.ObjectiveThe primary objective of this investigation was to assess the relationship between the incidence of postoperative pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and length of hospital stay (LOS) and preoperative nutritional status as determined by the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF). Investigating the connections between serum albumin, body mass index (BMI), and the primary outcomes of nutritional status and kidney function was the secondary goal.MethodsA total of 140 patients, aged 30 to 60 years, who had elective LC at Basra Teaching Hospital were included in this prospective observational study. Demographic information, laboratory markers like serum albumin, and nutritional assessments using the MNA-SF and BMI were all part of the preoperative evaluations. LOS, PONV incidence, and pain (Visual Analogue Scale) were among the postoperative outcomes that were prospectively documented over 24 hours. To evaluate correlations and associations, statistical analyses were conducted.ResultsThe mean age of the 140 patients was 40.7±8.98 years, and 125 (89.3%) were female. The MNA-SF found that 26 patients (18.6%) were malnourished and 72 patients (51.4%) were at risk of malnutrition. There was no significant correlation found between the MNA-SF score and LOS (p=0.984), PONV (p=0.317), or postoperative pain (p=0.468). On the other hand, a lower incidence of PONV was substantially linked to a higher BMI (p=0.049). There was a significant correlation between lower postoperative systolic (p=0.005) and diastolic (p=0.039) blood pressure and lower preoperative serum albumin levels.ConclusionAlthough the MNA-SF's overall nutritional screening seems to have little predictive ability for common complications in this non-elderly LC cohort, certain indicators, such as serum albumin and BMI, may be able to help identify patients who are at risk for particular adverse events. These indicators may help guide focused perioperative strategies, as evidenced by the correlations found between lower albumin and a propensity for postoperative hypotension and between higher BMI and lower PONV.

Abstract Aim This study aims to explore the experiences and knowledge of healthcare professionals (HCPs) regarding needle-stick injuries (NSIs) in Sudan during the ongoing war, addressing a critical research gap to inform effective preventive measures and interventions. Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted in healthcare facilities across Eastern Sudan, targeting doctors and nurses. Data were collected via an interview-based questionnaire addressing demographics, NSI history, circumstances, responses, and infection control awareness. Stratified random sampling ensured proportional representation. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with significance set at p &amp;lt; 0.05. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained to ensure confidentiality. Results Among 277 healthcare providers, most were aged 25-34 years (67.9%), female (59.2%), and doctors (61.7%), primarily working in emergency rooms (48.4%). Overall, 50.5% reported experiencing needle-stick injuries (NSIs) at least once. Major causes included accidental sticks during procedures (59.3%) and needle recapping (17.9%), with only 35.0% reporting incidents. NSI frequency was significantly associated with gender (p = 0.056), age (p = 0.003), professional role (p = 0.010), and work location (p = 0.012). Males, younger providers, doctors, and those in high-risk settings reported higher NSI rates. Conclusions Needle-stick injuries (NSIs) are a significant occupational hazard among healthcare providers in Eastern Sudan, with nearly half reporting prior exposure. Key risk factors include age, gender, and work location, with younger providers, males, and those in high-risk settings experiencing higher rates. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions, including enhanced training, proper disposal practices, and increased awareness, to reduce NSI prevalence and protect healthcare workers.

Skin Cancer is an extensive and possibly dangerous disorder that requires early detection for effective treatment. Add specific global statistics on skin cancer prevalence and mortality to emphasize the importance of early detection. Example: “Skin cancer accounts for 1 in 5 diagnosed cancers globally, with melanoma causing over 60,000 deaths annually. Manual skin cancer screening is both time-intensive and expensive. Deep learning (DL) techniques have shown exceptional performance in various applications and have been applied to systematize skin cancer diagnosis. However, training DL models for skin cancer diagnosis is challenging due to limited available data and the risk of overfitting. Traditionally approaches have High computational costs, a lack of interpretability, deal with numerous hyperparameters and spatial variation have always been problems with machine learning (ML) and DL. An innovative method called adaptive learning has been developed to overcome these problems. In this research, we advise an intelligent computer-aided system for automatic skin cancer diagnosis using a two-stage transfer learning approach and Pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). CNNs are well-suited for learning hierarchical features from images. Annotated skin cancer photographs are utilized to detect ROIs and reset the initial layer of the pre-trained CNN. The lower-level layers learn about the characteristics and patterns of lesions and unaffected areas by fine-tuning the model. To capture high-level, global features specific to skin cancer, we replace the fully connected (FC) layers, responsible for encoding such features, with a new FC layer based on principal component analysis (PCA). This unsupervised technique enables the mining of discriminative features from the skin cancer images, effectively mitigating overfitting concerns and letting the model adjust structural features of skin cancer images, facilitating effective detection of skin cancer features. The system shows great potential in facilitating the initial screening of skin cancer patients, empowering healthcare professionals to make timely decisions regarding patient referrals to dermatologists or specialists for further diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Our advanced adaptive fine-tuned CNN approach for automatic skin cancer diagnosis offers a valuable tool for efficient and accurate early detection. By leveraging DL and transfer learning techniques, the system has the possible to transform skin cancer diagnosis and improve patient outcomes.

Abstract Background Maternal pre-pregnancy diabetes is associated with a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Few large, cohort studies have assessed associations with a wide large range of causes of infant death. Methods This retrospective cohort study included all singleton live births to women aged 18–49 years in the US National Vital Statistics System from 2011 to 2020. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate adjusted relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause and cause-specific infant mortality. Results Of 34 918 803 pregnant women with singleton live births, 302 823 had pre-pregnancy diabetes with 3585 corresponding infant deaths [estimated mortality rate per 10 000 infants with 95% CI was 78.60 (75.96–81.25)] compared with 34 615 980 without pre-pregnancy diabetes and 171 989 corresponding infant deaths [42.63 (42.41–42.86)]. The adjusted RR (95% CI) of pre-pregnancy diabetes compared with no pre-pregnancy diabetes was 1.84 (1.78–1.91) for infant death, 1.89 (1.81–1.97) for neonatal death, 1.85 (1.77–1.94) for early neonatal death, 2.04 (1.87–2.23) for late neonatal death, and 1.75 (1.65–1.86) for postneonatal deaths. The association was stronger (RR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.88–2.20) with lower maternal age (&amp;lt;25 years) than with higher maternal age (≥40 years) (RR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.28–1.63). Associations varied across maternal race, smoking, and body mass index. Significantly increased risk was observed for 48 out of 73 specific causes of death. Conclusion Our findings confirm that maternal pre-pregnancy diabetes is an important risk factor for infant death, encompassing a wide range of causes of death, and suggest that these effects may be systemic given the large number of specific causes of death affected.

This study examined the binding affinities and therapeutic potential of natural products targeting pain-related receptors using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Drug-like properties and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analyses were also conducted. AutoDock Vina (The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA) was used for docking against pain-related receptors, including transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), mu-opioid receptor, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Celecoxib was included as a reference drug for docking score comparison. Protein-ligand complex stability was assessed via 100-nanosecond (ns) MD simulations using GROMACS (GROningen MAchine for Chemical Simulations; the University of Groningen, Netherlands), analyzing root mean square deviation (RMSD) and radius of gyration (Rg). Drug-likeness was evaluated by Lipinski's rule of five, and ADMET analysis was performed for pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiling. Ginsenoside Rb1 exhibited a strong affinity for TRPV1 (-9.5 kcal/mol) and mu-opioid (-9.0 kcal/mol) receptors, suggesting its potential as a non-opioid analgesic candidate. Cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside demonstrated high binding to TRPV1 (-9.35 kcal/mol), COX-2 (-9.65 kcal/mol), and CB1 (-9.18 kcal/mol), surpassing the reference drug celecoxib (-7.22 kcal/mol) in COX-2 binding. MD simulations confirmed complex stability, with RMSD (~3.0 Å) and Rg (~3.0 nm) values lower than unbound proteins. Most compounds met Lipinski's criteria, indicating good oral bioavailability. ADMET analysis revealed favorable absorption and distribution with low toxicity. Ginsenoside Rb1 and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside exhibit high binding affinity, stability, and favorable pharmacokinetic properties, supporting their potential as non-opioid analgesic candidates. Their ability to modulate pain pathways in vitro and in vivo warrants further investigation.

The transformative growth of digital education has highlighted its potential to revolutionize learning, yet it faces notable challenges, particularly concerning the role of family education. Families are critical in supporting students in digital learning, but generational gaps, cultural attitudes, and cognitive lags often hinder the effective adoption of digital tools. This article explores the intersection of family education concepts and digital learning, emphasizing the obstacles families face. Through a comprehensive analysis, the study identifies key barriers, including extreme attitudes toward digital education and the cultural and generational gaps that limit parental engagement. It also evaluates the pivotal role of family involvement in aligning with modern educational demands. Based on these findings, the article proposes actionable strategies: increasing family awareness through training, fostering home-school collaboration, encouraging balanced use of traditional and digital methods, and developing policies that address socioeconomic barriers. These approaches aim to bridge gaps in family education and promote equitable digital learning opportunities. By integrating family education practices with the changing requirements of digital education, this study emphasizes the need for family involvement in building a supportive and inclusive educational ecosystem.

BackgroundEndodontic treatment aims in the preservation of extremely carious primary teeth. For root canal therapy to be successful, root canals must be properly prepared and effectively irrigated .Therefore, it is necessary to select the proper root canal disinfection method to preserve the primary tooth.ObjectiveThis research was carried out to compare non-thermal pressure plasma (NTPP), diode laser, propolis, and chlorhexidine (CHX) efficacy for disinfection of deciduous anterior root canals contaminated with Enterococcus Faecalis (E. faecalis) after sterilization by gamma radiation.MethodsIn this study, forty extracted single-rooted primary anterior teeth were used. All teeth were cleaned, disinfected, and stored till use. Gaining access was provided till reaching the orifices of canals, all pulp tissue debris was removed, and root canals of all teeth were prepared. Standardized 8 mm root length was obtained through crown decronation below the cemento-enamel junction. Samples were sterilized by gamma radiation then the bacterial suspension was inoculated inside root canals. Specimens divided into four main groups; ten samples each group. Group I: Samples irrigated with chlorhexidine. Group II: Samples treated with diode laser. Group III: Samples irrigated with Ethanolic extract of propolis. Group IV: Samples treated with NTPP.ResultsA significant difference was found between values measured before and after four irrigation types (p < 0.001) for CHX, Diode Laser, NTPP and (P = 0.035) for Propolis. The highest values of colony reduction measured before and after irrigation were for NTPP (4.06 ± 0.88). Maximum reduction in colony-forming units was recorded in the NTPP group (98.79%), while the lowest reduction in colony-forming units was recorded in Propolis group (81.99%).ConclusionAll tested methods (CHX, NTPP, Diode laser and Propolis) decreased colony count, with the highest reduction noted in group treated by NTPP and the least reduction noticed in Propolis treated group.