University of Antioquia

Under the current global biodiversity crisis, there is a need for automated and noninvasive monitoring techniques that can gather large amounts of data cost-effectively at various ecological scales, from local to large spatial scales. These data can then be analyzed to inform stakeholders and decision-makers. One such technique is passive acoustic monitoring, which is commonly coupled with automatic identification of animal species based on their sound. Automated sound analyses usually require the training of sound detection and identification algorithms. These algorithms are based on annotated acoustic datasets which mark the occurrence of sounds of species inside sound recordings. However, compiling large annotated acoustic datasets is time-consuming and requires experts, and therefore, they normally cover reduced spatial, temporal, and taxonomic scales. This data paper presents WABAD, the World Annotated Bird Acoustic Dataset for passive acoustic monitoring. WABAD is designed to provide the public, the research community, and conservation managers with a novel and globally representative annotated acoustic dataset. This database includes 5047 min of audio files annotated to species-level by local experts with the start and end time and the upper and lower frequencies of each identified bird vocalization in the recordings. The database has a wide taxonomic and spatial coverage, including information on 91,931 vocalizations from 1192 bird species recorded at 72 recording sites in 29 recording locations (mainly countries) and distributed across 13 biomes. WABAD can be used, for example, for developing and/or validating automatic species detection algorithms, answering ecological questions, such as assessing geographical variations on bird vocalizations, or comparing acoustic diversity indices with species-based diversity indices. The dataset is published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license that permits redistribution and reuse on the condition that the original work is properly credited.

To describe the sociodemographic characteristics of the PUMAS sample in Brazil, focusing on differences between case and control groups and ethnic variation across cities. This case-control study included a convenience sample of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, alongside matched controls, from five brazilian cities: Belém, Fortaleza, Goiânia, Salvador, and São Paulo. The Diagnostic Interview for Psychosis and Affective Disorders (DIPAD) was used to confirm diagnoses and assess lifetime psychopathology and clinical data. A total of 14,017 subjects (54.7% female, mean age 39.93 years, s.d. 12.88) were enrolled: 7,532 patients with either bipolar disorder (N=4,059) or schizophrenia spectrum disorders (N=3,473), and 6,485 controls. Over 70% self-identified as black, admixed (Pardos), or indigenous. Significant differences in self-identified skin color, according to brazilian official classifications, were observed across cities. Patients with schizophrenia showed significant socioeconomic disparities compared to those with bipolar disorders. A higher proportion of individuals with severe mental illness self-identified as admixed. Educational attainment was lower among patients, particularly those with schizophrenia. This is the largest and most diverse sample in Brazil collected to investigate the genetic basis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It will allow testing critical hypotheses within a socio-cultural and ethnic context underrepresented in large-scale genetic studies.

Abstract We characterized a novel mitovirus from Fusarium oxysporum isolated from Phytolacca dioica (ombú) in the Canary Islands, Spain. Using transcriptome sequencing, we assembled the full-length genome of the novel Fusarium oxysporum mitovirus 2-like (FoMV2-like), which consists of 2,363 nucleotides and has a GC content of 30.3%. The genome harbors a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 713 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis of the RdRp amino acid sequence showed that FoMV2-like clusters closely with Fusarium oxysporum mitovirus 2, suggesting a close evolutionary relationship. DNADiff analysis revealed that the genome of FoMV2-like shares 100% alignment with Fusarium oxysporum mitovirus 2, with an average identity of 87.33%, supporting its classification as a distinct species within the Mitoviridae family. This study expands our understanding of mycoviral diversity in Fusarium oxysporum and contributes to the genomic characterization of mitoviruses.

Let k be a field of any characteristic and let Λ be a finite dimensional k -algebra. We prove that if V is a finite dimensional right Λ -module that lies in the mouth of a stable homogeneous tube T of the Auslander-Reiten quiver Λ with End ¯ Λ ( V ) a division ring, then V has a versal deformation ring R ( Λ , V ) isomorphic to k [ [ t ] ] . As a consequence we obtain that if k is algebraically closed, Λ is a symmetric special biserial k -algebra and V is a band Λ -module with End ¯ Λ ( V ) ≅ k that lies in the mouth of its homogeneous tube, then R ( Λ , V ) is universal and isomorphic to k [ [ t ] ] .

BackgroundProcessed meat (PM) consumption is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). It has been hypothesized that nitrosyl-heme, formed by the addition of nitrites during meat processing, may enhance the carcinogenic effects of PMs. This study aims to investigate the association between nitrosyl-heme intake and CRC risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition(EPIC) study.MethodsThis prospective study included 367,463 participants(70.3% women) from seven countries from the EPIC-study. Dietary data were collected via baseline questionnaires, and nitrosyl-heme exposure was estimated using biochemical data from 52 Spanish PMs, extrapolated to country-specific items. Sex-specific multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios(HRs) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsOver a 15-year median follow-up, 5,115 incident CRC cases were identified. Comparing the highest vs. the lowest sex-specific tertile of nitrosyl-heme intake we found no significant association with CRC risk (HRT3vsT1:1.01;95%CI:0.93–1.09). Subgroup analyses by tumor subtype and interactions with lifestyle factors also showed no associations.ConclusionsThis study offers insights into nitrosyl-heme exposure in European populations but found no link to CRC risk. Further research is needed to understand nitrosyl-heme's role in CRC.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-025-01266-7.

BackgroundAlzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) is diagnosed based on evidence of significant cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains (DSM‐5). Jack Jr et al. (2024) acknowledged that clinical judgment remains crucial when biomarkers are discordant with clinical impressions or non‐accessible. However, available assessments lack precision in detecting ADD and are influenced by sociocultural factors, thus calling for cross‐cultural harmonization strategies (Franzen et al., 2020). The Visual Short‐Term Memory Binding Test (VSTMBT) has shown cross‐cultural validity across six European countries (Costa et al., 2017; Parra et al., 2019). We investigated whether this and other promising tests are valid across six Latin American Countries.MethodsADD patients (n = 426) and Healthy Controls (n = 869) were recruited from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, México and Perú. They were assessed using a comprehensive protocol (Ibanez et al., 2021), which included the VSTMBT, the Craft Story 21 Test (CS21T) and the Benson Complex Figure Test (CBFT). We used General Linear Models (GLM) to compare data across Groups and Countries controlling for confounders. We explored the classification accuracy of these tests using ROC analysis.ResultsWhole‐sample VSTMBT data entered a mixed GLM revealing the traditionally reported Group (ADD vs HC) by condition interaction (F(1,1287) = 4.62, p = 0.032), driven by disproportional Shape‐Color Binding deficits. When this test, the CS21T and CBFT immediate recall data entered GLMs with Group and Country as fixed factors and age, sex, education, number of languages, and comorbidities as covariates, the main effects and the interaction proved significant. The three tests revealed significant deficits in ADD relative to HC (all p < 0.05). ROC analysis showed a reliable classification accuracy for a memory composite that combined the three tests (AUC: Argentina=1.0, Brazil=0.99, Chile=0.96, Colombia=0.91), México=0.91, and Perú=0.78).ConclusionsThe VSTMBT, CS21T and CBFT proved reliable for assessing ADD across six LAC. Although variability was observed across countries, they revealed significant deficits in ADD, which were unaccounted for by relevant confounding factors. The composite score achieved excellent classification accuracy for most countries. The cross‐cultural validity of the VSTMBT previously reported across EU countries holds for LAC.

BackgroundWe previously estimated the age of amyloid plaque onset at 28.2 years using florbetapir PET measurements of cerebral amyloid deposition in a cross‐sectional study of a convenience sample of PSEN1 E280A carriers and non‐carriers, ages 20‐56, recruited from the world's largest autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease (ADAD) cohort. Here we capitalized on longitudinal data from a different sample than used previously, to estimate the age of amyloid onset (EOA) in carriers who were cognitively unimpaired at baseline and examine differences associated with apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE4) status and between men and women.MethodWe analyzed baseline, 2‐year, and 5‐year florbetapir PET scans from 161 initially cognitively unimpairedPSEN1 E280A carriers (ages 30–56) enrolled in the Alzheimer’s Prevention Initiative (API) ADAD Colombia Trial of crenezumab vs placebo, in which crenezumab did not lower brain amyloid (NCT01998841). We included PSEN1 E280A carriers with at least 1 amyloid‐positive (A+) PET scan, using cortical‐to‐pontine standard‐uptake value ratios converted to centiloids (CL). Out of the 169 PSEN1 E280A carriers in the trial, 12 were A‐ and 149 were A+ at baseline, we excluded 1 PSEN1 E280A carrier who did not have A+ longitudinal data and 7 who did not have A+ scans at baseline or follow‐up. The Sample Iterative Local Approximation (SILA) model was applied to estimate EOA using a 20 CL threshold for positivity. We estimated amyloid chronicity and compared EOAs, adjusted for baseline age, between A+ male (n =68) and female (n =98) PSEN1 E280A carriers and between A+ PSEN1 E280A APOE4‐carriers (n =35) and non‐carriers (n =126).ResultMedian EOA was 26.1 years (SD ±7.89, range 1‐54) and estimates were normally distributed. PSEN1 E280A females had a mean EOA of 25.8 years which was not significantly different than the estimates in males (M=27.8 years). PSEN1 E280A APOE4 carriers had an EOA about 3 years younger (M=24.1) than APOE4 non‐carriers (M=27.3, p =0.03).ConclusionThis study illustrates the ability to use longitudinal biomarker data to characterize the onset of biomarker changes and impact of putative disease modifiers like APOE4 in ADAD mutation carriers.

BackgroundFunctional impairment (FI) in activities of daily living (ADL) is a critical criterion for diagnosing dementia that could be categorized into its three dimensions: basic (BADL), instrumental (IADL) and advanced activities (aADL). While FI has been well studied in Alzheimer's disease (AD), this characterization has been underexplored in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and even more in Latin American countries, where genetic and exposome diversity defines variability in its clinical presentation.MethodWe evaluated 547 individuals from RedLat consortium for dementia research in Latin America (262 controls, 236 AD and 49 FTD) from 5 Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico). We performed descriptive statistics for sociodemographic variables. Functional performance was evaluated through the Tecnology‐Activities of Daily Living (T‐ADLQ) global score and subscores for BADL, IADL, and aADL. Kruskal‐Wallis and Dunn post‐hoc tests were performed to compare T‐ADLQ scores between the three groups.ResultAD participants showed poor global cognitive performance compared to FTD, and FTD presented higher scores in NPI than AD. In total, basic, instrumental, and advanced T‐ADLQ scores, FTD showed higher scores than AD participants, which means poor functional performance in FTD participants; however, these differences only showed significance in the basic domain.ConclusionIn Latin American individuals, FTD showed poorer functional performance than AD patients, statistically significant in the basic domain. Further research would be oriented toward exploring the relationship between this functional performance and cognitive and clinical symptoms to determine the functional profile in FTD, compared with AD.

BACKGROUNDMechanical thrombectomy is a critical intervention for patients with acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion. However, significant barriers remain in its widespread implementation, particularly in low‐ to middle‐income countries, including a shortage of trained physicians and limited access to advanced medical technologies. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate current mechanical thrombectomy training methodologies and assess their effectiveness in improving procedural skills among neurointerventional teams.METHODSWe conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eight studies were included, with 3 studies eligible for meta‐analysis. We assessed training approaches, participant demographics, and procedural outcomes using the Risk of Bias in Non‐randomized Studies of Interventions tool and performed statistical analysis using OpenMetaAnalyst software.RESULTSVarious training modalities, including virtual reality simulations and hands‐on workshops, consistently demonstrated positive effects on procedural skills and professional confidence, demonstrating significant improvements across multiple metrics. Our systematic review and meta‐analysis revealed statistically significant reductions in total procedure time (average decrease of 17.84 minutes, 95% CI: [−22.19 to −13.48]), number of handling errors (decreased by 6.34 errors, 95% CI: [−13.16 to 0.48]), contrast volume (decreased by 27.35 mL, 95% CI: [−45.11 to −9.60]), and fluoroscopy time (reduced by 8.07 minutes, 95% CI: [−10.71 to −5.44]). Participants showed increased procedural steps completed, with an average increase of 6.52 steps (95% CI: [3.99–9.05]).CONCLUSIONStructured, simulation‐based mechanical thrombectomy training programs can significantly enhance procedural skills, clinical decision‐making, and professional confidence among neurointerventional teams, potentially improving stroke care.