University of Bagamoyo

В настоящем исследовании с использованием усовершенствованных изоконверсионных методов (Вязовкина и Ортеги) определен кинетический триплет осаждения метастабильной фазы b² в сплаве Al – Mg – Si(Cu) с высоким отношением Mg/Si. При этом учтено, что зависимость реакции от времени и температуры известна, как только известен кинетический триплет (параметры). Для сравнения использованы традиционные методы Фридмана, Киссинджера – Акахиры – Сунозе (KAS) и Озавы – Флинна – Уолла (OFW). Установлено, что методы Фридмана, Вязовкина и Ортеги приводят к одинаковому изменению энергии активации в зависимости от степени конверсии, что численно объясняется как конкуренция двух процессов, связанных с реакциями зародышеобразования и роста. Определение предэкспоненциального множителя с использованием метода компенсационного эффекта позволяет идентифицировать модель реакции ( f (α) = 2(1 – α)[– ln(1 – α)]1/2 ), которая, как установлено, соответствует одномерному механизму зародышеобразования и роста Аврами, причем независимо от используемого метода определения энергии активации и скорости нагрева.

IntroductionFemale genital mutilation (FGM) is a significant public health issue rooted in cultural traditions, affecting millions of women and girls. In Kenya, the practice is prevalent in various ethnic groups and is often associated with social and economic pressures.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of FGM, the factors associated with FGM, and its effects among women of reproductive age in Kenya.MethodsThis study used secondary data of a total 16,716 weighted women of reproductive age drawn from the 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey. The study used the “svy” command in Stata to assign the sample weight. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess significant factors associated FGM and statistical significance was set at a 5% significance level.ResultsThe overall prevalence of FGM among women of reproductive age in Kenya was 14.8% (95% CI = 13.98, 15.67). The findings showed that the following factors were associated with FGM: age 30–39 years (aOR=1.66, 95% CI = 1.28, 2.16) and age 40–49 years (aOR=2.71, 95% CI = 2.06, 3.57), residing in rural areas (aOR=1.37, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.68), no education (aOR=3.45, 95% CI = 2.69, 4.41) or primary education (aOR=1.40, 95% CI = 1.20, 1.64), being poor (aOR=1.76, 95% CI = 1.38, 2.25) or middle-income (aOR=1.34, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.66), being married (aOR=1.71, 95% CI = 1.37, 2.13) or separated (aOR=1.56, 95% CI = 1.17, 2.07), believing that FGM is required by religion (aOR=2.03, 95% CI = 1.37, 2.99), culture (aOR=4.79, 95% CI = 3.80–6.05), and society (aOR=2.65, 95% CI = 1.96, 3.58), FGM continued to be practiced (aOR=2.76, 95% CI = 2.14, 3.55), having a male household head (aOR=1.19, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.38), and never listening to the radio (aOR=1.31, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.54). Additionally, the results indicated that the most common side effects were severe pain (70.3%) and heavy bleeding (45.9%).ConclusionFGM is still a prevalent practice in Kenya despite being outlawed. gender and social norms contribute to the sustenance of the practice. The emerging trends including medicalization and change in the age of cutting need to be addressed. The factors that accelerate and enhance the practice of FGM need to be addressed and advocate more against the practice of FGM as it is a violation of human rights.

ABSTRACT This article explores the connections between the International Council of Women (ICW) and some Spanish women during the first third of the twentieth century. It proposes a broad interpretation of historical feminisms that permits a better understanding of the different forms of connection between these women. On the one hand, it looks at informal networks (affinities relations, friendships, individual contacts, etc.) and formal networks (associations), while on the other, it includes other examples of feminisms that developed in southern Europe.

This study focuses on detecting, mapping and analyzing the conversion of forests into agricultural uses and agricultural uses into urban/peri-urban uses in Nzega district, Tabora Region - Tanzania over a period of 28 years since 1978. Land use classes were from multitemporal and multi-sensor satellite images and aerial photographs. Topographical maps at a scale of 1:50000 and onsite information gathered in the field were used for interpretation and ground truthing purposes. Land use changes were detected using land use change matrices and land use change maps. Four land use maps were compiled from Aerial photographs dated 1978, Landsat TM satellite imagery dated 1986, Landsat ETM+ satellite imagery dated 2000 and IRS satellite imagery dated 2006. The maps show agricultural areas are concentrated along road networks generally expanding towards neighboring grasslands and unprotected forested areas. Land use changes were detected from land use maps for three change periods: 1978 - 1986, 1986 - 2000 and 2000 - 2006, with emphasis on agricultural and forest land uses. The change maps and change matrices show that despite abandoned farms agricultural land increases with time. Change in the opposite direction was also common where abandoned agricultural land gradually regenerated back to grasslands and forests. An average of 16% of agricultural land has been maintained during the 1978 - 2006 period compared to 67% of forests that have been maintained in the same period of time.

Article AbstractBecause this piece does not have an abstract, we have provided for your benefit the first 3 sentences of the full text.To the Editor: The letter by Dr Mayo-Wilson expresses concern about potential discrepancies between an internal company report and the article that we published on the effectiveness of adjunctive gabapentin in bipolar disorder. Discrepancies might result in publication bias, so I would like to provide further details on the study.Ours was an investigator-initiated trial that was originally sponsored by Parke-Davis Spain (which had been bought by Pfizer at the time of publication).