University of Bandundu

Banks are one of the companies that use computers as a means of information systems. Internal control is used to prevent the possibility of inefficiency, error, and embezzlement of assets. So it is necessary to have a strict information and security system, the quality of the accounting information system and its security is very important for effective internal control to overcome possible errors. This study aims to determine the partial and simultaneous influence between the quality of accounting information systems and the security of accounting information systems on the company's internal control at BJB Purwakarta Sub-Branch Office. This study uses qualitative research and data collection techniques through distributing questionnaires, the analysis used includes, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis test and hypothesis testing using SPSS. Based on the research results, the t test results show that the quality of the accounting information system has no effect on the company's internal control and the security of the accounting information system affects internal control. While the results of the f test show that the accounting information system and the security of the accounting information system affect internal control.

The hypo-topology on the algebra C(X) of real-valued continuous functions defined on a Tychonoff space 2X f ∈ C(X) with its hypograph, hypof = {(x,t) ∈ X x R:f(x) ≥ t}. This topology is very useful in the calculus of variations and in optimization theory (e.g. Maximization problems). We denote C(X) with the hypo-topology by Ch(X). Our study deals with fundamental properties of these function spaces, and with the linear operators on them and as well as the characterization of the topological properties of Ch(X) in terms of topological properties of the base space X. We are studying the linear operator between the functional algebras Ch(X) and the Ch(Y). We are primarily concerned with the continuity of the evaluation functional, the general evaluation and the continuity of the characters of Ch(X) before the investigation of the properties of the dual operator f* of a continuous function f:X→Y. This operator is defined by f*:Ch (Y)→Ch (X), where f*(g)=gof for all g ∈ C(Y). The continuity of f* enables us to characterize the continuity of an algebra homomorphism of the type φ:Ch (Y)→Ch (X) for a realcompact space Y. For such a space, we present a type of Riesz theorm with states that an algebra homomorphism φ: Ch(Y)→Ch(X) is continuous if and only if there exists a unique hypo-function f: X→Y such that φ = f*. There after, we give the equivalence between the properties of f and those of f*. The study of the continuous linear functional on Ch(X) helps us to compute the topological dual space of this algebra. We show here that this dual space is useful only when the set of isolated points of X is dense.

BackgroundThe burden of maternal and child mortality is high in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). While health workers (HWs) with adequate knowledge and practice of maternal and child health (MCH) are crucial to reduce this burden, the skill level of HWs in charge of MCH in the DRC is currently insufficient. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of HWs towards MCH in Kasai and Maniema, two DRC provinces with very high maternal mortality ratios and under-5 mortality rates.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in 96 health facilities of Kasai and Maniema provinces in 2019. All HWs in charge of MCH were eligible for the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire containing 76 questions on knowledge and practice of MCH. Analyses were performed using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, Kendall’s correlation test, and a multivariate linear mixed regression model.ResultsAmong participating HWs, 42.6% were A2 nurses (lowest qualification), 81.9% had no up-to-date training in MCH, and 48.4% had only 1-5 years of experience in MCH. In the two provinces combined, about half of HWs had poor knowledge (50.6%) and poor practice (53.3%) of MCH. Knowledge and practice scores were higher in Maniema than in Kasai (P < 0.001). Good knowledge and practice scores were significantly associated with high qualification (P = 0.001), continuing up-to-date training in MCH (P = 0.009), and 6 years of experience or more in MCH (P = 0.01).ConclusionIn Maniema and Kasai provinces, about half of HWs had poor knowledge and poor practice of MCH. The conversion of A1 nurses into midwives as well as the provision of up-to-date training in MCH, supervision, and mentorship could improve the skill level of HWs and could thus reduce the burden of MCH in the DRC.

Odontogenic bone tumor (OT) is a rare pathology in the world, but it is very common in developing countries; its etiology is still unknown, and it causes serious deformities of the mandible and maxilla if it is not operated upon soon. Lassa virus (LASV) belongs to the Arenaviridae family, and its reservoir is a rodent of the genus Mastomys. The transmission of the LASV to humans can occur through ingestion or inhalation by contact with dirty objects, the consumption of contaminated food, or exposure to wounds, as rodents shed the virus in their urine and excrement. In this observational study, we aim to evaluate the presence of LASV in OT patient tissues collected in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. For this purpose, a group of nine patients affected by OT were enrolled, and the tissues derived from the surgery were collected. In total, 81.5% of the tissues were positive for LASV presence. Interestingly, we found that not only was the tumor LASV-positive, but in some cases, the bone was close to the tumor and the oral mucosa lining. These preliminary data could suggest the hypothesis that LASV may be involved with the onset of OT.

BackgroundPrevious research suggests that an ageing‐associated remodelling and loss of motor units due to motor neuron death contributes significantly to muscle weakness in old age. In histological sections, motor unit remodelling is reflected by increased fibre type grouping. While regular exercise may not attenuate the loss of motor units during ageing, it has been suggested to facilitate reinnervation resulting in larger motor units, and a higher number and larger fibre type groups in histological sections of muscles from aged individuals.MethodsIn a 10‐year follow‐up study, we assessed changes in the prevalence and size of fibre type groups in the vastus lateralis muscle from 34 male masters sprinters (40–85 years at start).ResultsOver the 10 years, there was an ageing‐related reduction in performance in the 60‐m sprint (P < 0.001) without significant changes in fibre type composition and fibre cross‐sectional area. Neither the number of fibre type groups, defined as a fibre surrounded exclusively by fibres of the same type, nor the group size changed significantly in the 10‐year period.ConclusionsThese histological data show that there is limited to no significant fibre type grouping over a 10‐year period in masters athletes who continued sprint run training. This observation challenges the paradigm that ageing, at least in systematically trained sprinters, is associated with motor unit remodelling.

Abstract Understanding the distribution ofAnophelesspecies in a region is an important task in the planning and implementation of malaria control programmes. This study was proposed to evaluate the composition and distribution of cryptic species of the main malaria vector,Anopheles gambiaecomplex, circulating in different districts of Kinshasa.To study the distribution of members of theAn.gambiaecomplex,Anopheleswere sampled by CDC light trap and larva collection across the four districts of Kinshasa city between July 2021 and June 2022. After morphological identification, an equal proportion ofAnopheles gambiaes.l. sampled per site were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identification of crypticAn.gambiaecomplex species.TheAnopheles gambiaecomplex was widely identified in all sites across the city of Kinshasa, with a significant difference in mean density, captured by CDC light, inside and outside households in Kinshasa (p=0.002). Two species of this complex circulate in Kinshasa:Anopheles gambiae(82.1%) andAnopheles coluzzii(17.9%). In all study sites,Anopheles gambiaewas the most prevalent species.Anopheles coluzziiwas very prevalent in Tshangu district. No hybrids (Anopheles coluzzii/Anopheles gambiae) were identified.Two cryptic species of theAnopheles gambiaecomplex circulate in Kinshasa.Anopheles gambiaes.s., present in all districts andAnopheles coluzzii, with a limited distribution. Studies on the ecology of the larval sites are essential to better understand the factors influencing the distribution of members of theAn. gambiaecomplex in this megalopolis.

Abstract Studies on children associated with armed forces and armed groups reveal the vast limitations and insurmountable legal challenges with which the conventional prosecutorial criminal justice systems and popular courts are confronted. This conundrum ultimately stands as an obstacle to creating a peaceable environment where young soldiers can peacefully transition from soldiering to civilian and civilised life. In a world attracted to the logic of retribution and punishment, this chapter instead argues for the viability and sustainability of building peace with such young soldiers, based on indigenous mechanisms of dispute resolution, healing, and reconciliation inspired by African philosophy and ethics and the extent to which these approaches can enhance communal peace with former child soldiers. These mechanisms include bushingantahe in Burundi, baraza in the Democratic Republic of Congo, ka pahla in Mozambique, fambul tok in Sierra Leone, gacaca in Rwanda, and mato oput in Uganda. Such indigenous institutions work as components of the traditional civil society that are founded on the African humanistic and communitarian ethics (ubuntu and palaver).KeywordsAfrican ethicsAfrican palaverCivil societyChild soldiersPeacebuildingUbuntu