University of Banja Luka

Društvene mreže su svakodnevica savremenog čoveka i prate ga u svim sferama života i rada. Uticaj i doprinos istih na vaspitanje i obrazovanje još uvek nije jasno vidljiv u pedagoškim i vaspitno-obrazovnim politikama na našim prostorima. Pedagoška nauka ima prihvatljiva naučna saznanja o mogućnostima korišćenja društvenih mreža u nastavi i za vreme učenja. Efekti njihove primene još uvek su kod nas simbolično istraženi. Cilj istraživanja je da se ispitaju stavovi učenika o pedagoškim vrednostima korišćenja društvenih mreža u nastavi. U istraživanju je primenjena deskriptivna metoda sa skalom procene kao instrumentom. Na uzorku od 280 učenika osnovne škole primenjena je skala Likertovog tipa – Skala stavova o pedagoškim vrednostima društvenih mreža. Skala je sastavljena od četiri subskale: Pozitivna uloga društvenih mreža u vaspitanju, Negativna uloga društvenih mreža u vaspitanju, Uloga društvenih mreža u obrazovanju i Stavovi o korišćenju društvenih mreža. Relijabilnost na nivou celog instrumenta iznosi α=0,92, što ukazuje na visoku pouzdanost instrumenta. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da su stavovi učenika o pedagoškim vrednostima korišćenja društvenih mreža u procesu vaspitanja približno ujednačeni i da se statistički značajno ne razlikuju u odnosu na većinu socio-pedagoških obeležja kada su u pitanju stavovi o: pozitivnoj ulozi društvenih mreža u vaspitanju, o negativnoj ulozi društvenih mreža u vaspitanju, o ulozi društvenih mreža u obrazovanju i o korišćenju društvenih mreža.

Hydrological drought, characterized by prolonged deficiencies in river discharge, presents significant challenges globally, exacerbated by climate change-induced alterations in precipitation patterns. Notably, studies have revealed evolving minimum discharge trends across Europe, yet a research gap persists regarding Bosnia and Herzegovina’s (BH) low-flow phenomena. Here, we investigate minimum discharges in the Una [Van Loon, AF (2015). Hydrological drought explained. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 2(4): 359–392, https://doi.org/10.1002/WAT2.1085] and Sana Rivers, filling a crucial void in regional low-flow research. Through comprehensive sensitivity analysis and novel trend analysis methods, we identify significant temporal variations and trends in minimum discharges, particularly during winter and summer seasons. Our results indicate distinct patterns in occurrence rates, with the Sana River experiencing notable increases in extreme events during winter. For example, the Sana River witnessed an increase from 15 documented M1 events in the period 1961–1970 to 28 events in the period 2011–2020. Conversely, while the Una River demonstrates stable trends, the Sana River exhibits a significant decrease in severe events. For instance, the occurrence rate of severe events (M2) on the Sana River decreased from six documented events in the period 1961–1970 to four events in the period 2011–2020. Climate change emerges as a key driver, influencing temperature, precipitation patterns, and snowmelt timing, thereby impacting river discharge dynamics. These findings underscore the urgency of adaptive water management strategies to mitigate the potential impacts of changing hydrological conditions on water resources and communities in BH.

The book “Digitalization and Business Economics” examines the impact of modern digital technologies on business economics and organizational transformation. The author explores how digitalization reshapes traditional economic concepts such as production, costs, revenues, profit, and market structures. Special emphasis is placed on the role of information and communication technologies, automation, and digital platforms in redefining business processes. Digital transformation reduces transaction costs, enhances efficiency, and increases productivity. Companies are shifting from conventional business models to data-driven and innovation-based models characterized by network connectivity and global reach. In this context, knowledge and information emerge as strategic resources, while competitive advantage increasingly depends on technological adaptability. The book highlights the expansion of e-commerce and the globalization of markets, enabling firms to overcome geographical barriers and access broader customer bases. However, digitalization also introduces challenges, including cybersecurity risks, the need for continuous innovation, and organizational restructuring. Ultimately, digitalization is presented as a strategic and managerial transformation rather than merely a technological shift. Successful integration of digital tools requires investment in technology, human capital development, and adaptive leadership. Firms that effectively implement digital strategies achieve higher competitiveness, operational efficiency, and long-term sustainability.

<p data-start="0" data-end="341"><strong data-start="0" data-end="17">Introduction.</strong> Vitamin D deficiency is common worldwide and has been associated with disturbances in glucose metabolism, although evidence remains inconsistent. This study evaluated serum 25(OH)D levels and their crude associations with glycemic control and chronic diabetic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p> <p data-start="343" data-end="1179"><strong data-start="343" data-end="355">Methods.</strong> This retrospective study included 170 adults with T2DM treated between January 2023 and June 2024. Participants were categorized according to serum 25(OH)D concentration into a low vitamin D group (≤30 ng/mL) and a normal vitamin D group (≥31 ng/mL). Collected data included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diabetes duration, treatment modalities, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial glucose (PPG), HbA1c, and documented complications (retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic kidney disease, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease). Normality was assessed using Q–Q plots and the Shapiro–Wilk test. Group comparisons were performed using Student’s t-test or non-parametric equivalents, and correlations were evaluated using Pearson or Spearman coefficients. No multivariable regression analyses were conducted.</p> <p data-start="1181" data-end="1558"><strong data-start="1181" data-end="1193">Results.</strong> Patients with lower 25(OH)D levels had significantly longer diabetes duration, higher BMI, and higher HbA1c, FPG, and PPG values. Weak negative correlations were observed between 25(OH)D and glycemic parameters (r = –0.13 to –0.25). The prevalence of chronic diabetic complications was significantly higher in the low vitamin D group. All findings were unadjusted.</p> <p data-start="1560" data-end="1814" data-is-last-node="" data-is-only-node=""><strong data-start="1560" data-end="1575">Conclusion.</strong> Lower 25(OH)D levels were associated with poorer glycemic parameters and a higher prevalence of chronic diabetic complications in T2DM. However, given significant group differences and the lack of adjustment, causality cannot be inferred.</p>

Sustainable innovation is important in Albania, a small transition economy facing pressures from digitalization, the green transition, and increased competition. Yet the country’s innovation system is still developing, and academia–business linkages remain weak. This article investigates how academia–business (A2B) collaboration contributes to firms’ sustainable innovation, addressing the lack of quantitative evidence from a country in the Western Balkans context. Building on innovation systems and resource-based perspectives, A2B cooperation is conceptualized as a multidimensional latent construct, capturing types of collaboration, key actors, and organizational drivers. Using survey data from 298 firms operating in Albania, collected in 2025, the study applies Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) to test whether the intensity and quality of A2B cooperation are linked to sustainable innovation outcomes. The findings indicate that collaboration is still limited and inconsistent, dominated by student internships and sporadic joint projects. However, the CB-SEM results confirm that more intensive and better-structured cooperation is strongly associated with higher levels of sustainable innovation. The study offers one of the first CB-SEM-based quantitative assessments of A2B collaboration and sustainable innovation in Albania and provides policy implications for strengthening innovation-oriented partnerships in transition economies.

U radu se na teorijskom nivou ispituje evoluciona pretpostavka o promeni vrednosti i stavova prema radu usled sistemske promene – prelaska iz socijalizma u kapitalizam. U osnovi ove teze leži modernizacijska teorija. Empirijski deo istraživanja se odnosi na praćenje promena stavova prema radu i njihovih prediktora, koji se menjaju u procesu postsocijalističke transformacije i uspostavljanja perifernog kapitalizma u BiH. U radu se služimo podacima iz tri vremenske tačke: socijalistička Jugoslavija početkom 1970-ih, deblokirana postsocijalistička transformacija u Srbiji 2000. godine i konsolidovana postsocijalistička transformacija u BiH/Republici Srpskoj 2020-2023., kada se naziru konture uspostavljenog kapitalističkog sistema. Za potrebe analize je korišten standardni Hofstedov VSM80 (Value Survey Module), uz određene adaptacije koje su urađene u istraživanju u Srbiji (bihejvioralna procena menadžerskog ponašanja za distancu moći i namera ostanka u preduzeću za izbegavanje neizvesnosti), koje smo usvojili radi uporedivosti podataka. U analizi je korišćena mulivarijaciona analiza varijanse (MANOVA) koja je potvrdila polazne pretpostavke o vrednosnim promenama. Nalazi ukazuju na stabilne pomake u skladu s trendovima modernizacije: opadanje distance moći, rast individualizma, stabilnost kolektivizma i izbegavanja neizvesnosti, rast muških vrednosti u dominantno ženskoj kulturi.

The subject of this research is the exploration of the potential of remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for basin-scale spatio-temporal monitoring of drought and its impacts in the Ukrina River Basin, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH), during the last decade (2015–2024). The aim is to integrate meteorological, hydrological, agricultural, and socio-economic drought signals and to delineate areas of long-term drought exposure. Meteorological drought was evaluated using CHIRPS precipitation and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) calculated at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12- month accumulation scales using Gamma fitting and a fixed long term reference period; hydrological drought was examined using available water-level records complemented by the Standardized Water Level Index (SWLI) and supported by correspondence with standardized ERA5-Land runoff anomalies; agricultural drought was mapped using remote sensing indices—the Temperature Condition Index (TCI), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), and Vegetation Health Index (VHI)—calculated from MODIS satellite data; and socio-economic effects were assessed using municipal crop-production statistics (2015–2019). The results indicate that drought conditions were most pronounced in 2015, 2017, 2021, and especially 2022, showing consistent agreement between precipitation deficits, hydrological responses, and vegetation stress, while 2016, 2018–2020, 2023, and 2024 were generally more favorable. As a key novelty, a persistent drought-prone zone was delineated by intersecting drought-affected areas across major episodes, providing a basin-scale identification of chronic drought hotspots for a river basin in BH. The persistent zone covers 40.02% of the basin and spans nine cities and municipalities, with >93% located in Prnjavor, Derventa, Stanari, and Teslić. Hotspots are concentrated mainly in lowlands below 400 m a.s.l., with a statistically significant concentration across lower elevation classes, indicating higher long-term exposure in the central and northern valley sectors, and land use overlay further highlights high relative exposure of productive land. Overall, the integrated remote sensing and GIS framework strengthens drought monitoring by providing spatially explicit and repeatable evidence to support targeted adaptation planning and drought-risk management.

Recent advances in biomaterials, immunomodulation, stem cell therapy, and biofabrication are reshaping maxillofacial surgery, shifting reconstruction paradigms toward biologically integrated and patient-specific tissue regeneration. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current and emerging strategies for bone and soft-tissue regeneration in the craniofacial region, with particular emphasis on bioactive ceramics, biodegradable polymers, hybrid composites, and stimuli-responsive smart materials. We further examine translational technologies such as extracellular vesicles, decellularized extracellular matrices, organoids, and 3D bioprinting, highlighting key challenges such as bioink standardization, perfusion limitations, and regulatory classification. Maxillofacial surgery is positioned for a paradigm shift toward personalized, biologically active, and clinically scalable regenerative solutions.

The advent of Internet of Things (IoT) ushers in a significant potential to integrate individuals, devices, and data, leading to a profound change in our professional and social environments. The small, resource-constrained IoT devices are usually deployed to collect various types of critical data in remote or unmonitored locations. Due to extensive interconnectivity, limited resources, and inadequate security design, IoT systems are vulnerable to communication-specific cyber threats, which aim to disrupt operations, steal sensitive information, or cause damage. To resolve the security concerns in IoT communications, many recent efforts have been devoted to designing authenticated key agreement protocols for IoT systems. However, not only most of the existing solutions fail to adopt cost-effective techniques for resource-limited IoT devices, but also they ignore the differentiation among various data types in the established session keys. A few approaches use traditional physical unclonable functions (PUFs) to address resource concerns, yet they introduce new security issues into IoT systems. Once the PUF cryptographic information is compromised by machine learning attacks, the entire authentication framework collapses. Therefore, in this paper we propose an authenticated key agreement protocol for device-to-gateway communication in IoT systems based on Chebyshev polynomial and probability-based PUF. We examine the proposed protocol’s security features through formal security validation. We also conduct performance evaluation through a simulation-oriented study, and the results clearly prove that the proposed protocol offers superior security and privacy, while maintaining low computational overhead.