University of Biskra

Burnout among Algerian public healthcare workers remains understudied despite staffing shortages, limited resources, and heavy workloads. The present study examined the prevalence and predictors of burnout, focusing on self-compassion and communication skills. A cross-sectional survey of 387 practitioners from public hospitals used validated Arabic measures: Burnout Assessment Tool-Short Version, Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form, and Health Professionals Communication Skills Scale-Short Form. Practitioners aged 31-40 reported the highest burnout and exhaustion (p<0.05). Females showed greater exhaustion than males (p<0.05). Emergency/ICU/surgery staff reported lower burnout (p<0.05). Burnout correlated positively with self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification, and negatively with empathy, respect, and social skills (p<0.05). In regressions, self-judgment (β=0.21) and over-identification (β=0.12) predicted burnout, while empathy (β=-0.14) and social skills (β=-0.10) were protective. Self-judgment was the strongest risk factor, while empathy and social skills were protective. Interventions fostering self-compassion and communication skills may help reduce burnout.

Herein, using first-principle calculations and full potential linearized augmented plane wave, the structural, mechanical, and opto-electronic properties of K3XO (X = Cl, Br, and I) anti-perovskite oxides have been studied under different pressures. The structures optimization shows cell parameters very close to the available experimental and theoretical values. The mechanical stability criteria is checked by computed the elastic constants C11, C12 and C44 using the optimized data. Our results also demonstrate the ductility of the all compounds under study and their usefulness in medium-temperature devices, as they have a relatively high Debye temperature. Furthermore, the calculated band structure revealed a direct band gap for the three antiperovskites, the energy band gap values are about 4.21, 3.55 and 3.16 eV for K3ClO, K3BrO and K3IO, respectively, these values of Eg increase linearly as a function of pressure. We investigate also the optical properties of these compounds under various pressures, such as the dielectric function, absorption coefficient, energy loss function, reflectivity and refractive index, within the photon energy interval 0-25 eV, hence all the studied antiperovskites exhibit excellent optical properties, including low reflectivity and high absorption in the ultraviolet region which is good for photovoltaic applications.

Abstract This work thoroughly investigates how different durations of ultrasonic treatment affect the structural, chemical, and morphological features of graphene oxide (GO) obtained from graphite through the Staudenmaier method. To ensure efficient exfoliation, a dual-source ultrasonic configuration (40 KHz, 100 W bottom transducer combined with a 100 W submerged probe) was utilized in pulse mode. We elucidate the structural evolution throughout the sonication duration (3, 5, 7, and 12 min) using Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) under controlled thermal conditions. The initial GO, which underwent 3 min of sonication, had thick, stacked flakes bearing the markings of an XRD peak at 10.46° (0.845 nm d-spacing), suggesting the presence of highly oxidized and expanded layers evident from the peak intensity ratio ( I D / I G ) of 1.11. The structural evolution of GO during sonication resulted in significant reduction and rearrangement toward an optimum at 7 min, marked by a single dominant remaining reduced graphene oxide (rGO) XRD peak at 26.17° (0.340 nm d-spacing) and a decrease in I D / I G to 0.59, indicating substantial sp 2 lattice restoration and deoxygenation. This was accompanied by substantial structural restoration and deoxygenation. The 5-min mark provided morphological insight into the initial stage of exfoliation of GO, marked by thin, wrinkled sheets. However, prolonged treatment of 12 min led to an energy saturation effect, causing the I D / I G to increase to 0.72 and the dominant XRD peak to shift back toward larger d-spacing at 20.19° (0.439 nm). This suggests a reversal of structural benefits due to mechanical fragmentation and disordered restacking induced by excessive acoustic cavitation.

Zakat constitutes one of the fundamental pillars of the Islamic economic system owing to its pivotal role in achieving social solidarity, redistributing income, and alleviating poverty. However, the realisation of its Sharīʿah and economic objectives remains contingent on a practical administrative and institutional framework that ensures the proper collection and distribution of zakat in accordance with Sharīʿah regulations and the principles of good governance. This study seeks to elucidate the theoretical framework governing zakat administration within Islamic economic thought by analysing the Sharīʿah and organisational foundations that underpin the assignment of zakat affairs to the state and by clarifying the state's institutional role in overseeing this obligation. This study also aims to review and analyse contemporary administrative models of zakat management, whether based on voluntary or compulsory approaches, by explaining the mechanisms of zakat collection and distribution adopted in each model and highlighting their respective advantages and limitations in terms of effectiveness. The research adopts a descriptive–analytical methodology, drawing on relevant contemporary juristic and economic literature. The study concludes that the success of zakat administration in the modern era requires the adoption of an independent administrative system, a clear institutional structure, and adequate Sharīʿah supervision, alongside the utilisation of modern technologies and digitalisation to enhance transparency and efficiency. The findings further emphasise that unifying the organisational vision and integrating roles between the state and zakat institutions constitute a fundamental prerequisite for activating the developmental role of zakat and achieving its social and economic objectives.