University of Buenos Aires

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease that primarily affects young adults. Active demyelination and neurodegeneration have been associated with early microglial and astroglial activation. While reactive microglia (MG) can contribute to tissue damage and exacerbate neurodegeneration, they also play a neuroprotective role by clearing debris through phagocytosis and secreting growth factors that support repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of MG depletion and repopulation on the response to lysophosphatidylcholine-induced oligodendroglial damage using an invitro model previously characterized by our laboratory. Since microglial development and survival critically depend on colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) signaling, we employed CSF-1R inhibition with BLZ945 to effectively deplete MG. Results show that repopulation occurs even in demyelinating conditions and, at early time points, results in MG exhibiting a morphology indicative of a less activated phenotype. Despite having higher phagocytic activity, early repopulating MG are few and thus unable to efficiently clear myelin debris. However, these repopulating MG still demonstrated to induce oligodendroglial differentiation. Studies using conditioned media revealed that early repopulating MG release factors into the environment which promote oligodendroglial progenitor cell viability and facilitate oligodendroglial differentiation in a demyelinating context, an effect not observed in neurons. Interestingly, our invitro results show a close correlation with invivo findings previously reported and demonstrate the relevance of our model in developing therapies for demyelinating diseases. These findings underscore both the potential and limitations of microglial modulation aimed at eliminating pro-inflammatory profiles and promoting repopulation with pro-regenerative characteristics.

Patient: Female, 40-year-oldFinal Diagnosis: ObesitySymptoms: ObesityClinical Procedure: —Specialty: SurgeryObjective: Unusual clinical courseBackgroundMetabolic and bariatric surgeries (MBS) are effective treatments for obesity and related comorbidities, such as diabetes and hypertension. In patients with morbid obesity and challenges like hepatomegaly, conventional procedures may increase risks. Staged MBS was developed to address these issues, enhancing safety. This report highlights the successful use of isolated intestinal transit bipartition with duodeno-ileal anastomosis, preserving the duodenum, as the first stage of the duodenal switch.Case ReportA 40-year-old woman with a BMI of 40.2 kg/m2 was booked for MBS. Severe hepatomegaly impaired safe access to the esophagogastric junction, leading to the performance of only the intestinal stage of the duodenal switch. A duodeno-ileal anastomosis was created 250 cm from the ileocecal valve, preserving the stomach and partial duodenal function. Without the gastric stage, the patient achieved 50 kg of weight loss (equivalent to 78.7% excess weight loss) over 19 years, without requiring additional surgery. Minor complications included occasional diarrhea, meteorism, and difficulties with vitamin supplementation, all managed effectively through dietary adjustments and nutritional guidance. A benefit was increased satiety.ConclusionsIsolated intestinal transit bipartition with duodeno-ileal anastomosis is an approach that may be used in exceptional cases, such as with this patient. Despite the favorable long-term follow-up results, further studies are necessary to better understand this approach. This method demonstrated sustained weight loss and long-term metabolic control, potentially representing a promising initial treatment option for patients with lower BMIs, including those with type 2 diabetes.

Este artículo propone un análisis de las escenas de niñez en la Vida de Alcibíades de Plutarco con el objetivo de indagar su funcionalidad dentro del marco más amplio de la obra. Mientras que la crítica suele atribuir a estas escenas una función proléptica, considerándolas relevantes únicamente en relación con la vida adulta del personaje, este estudio argumentará que, por el contrario, Plutarco les otorga un valor propio y específico. En su concepción de la biografía, la niñez constituye una etapa fundamental, ya que los elementos asociados a ella ofrecen una perspectiva novedosa y original del personaje retratado, enriqueciendo así su caracterización.

Las habilidades de comprensión narrativa, especialmente la inferencial, son fundamentales para el desarrollo lector y el aprendizaje académico. En el caso del autismo, sin embargo, los estudios han privilegiado el análisis de la producción narrativa, dejando en segundo plano el estudio sistemático de la comprensión, particularmente en contextos hispanohablantes. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir y comparar las habilidades de comprensión narrativa literal e inferencial en niños y niñas autistas hispanohablantes y sus pares con desarrollo típico. Participaron 42 estudiantes de entre 6 y 7 años 11 meses: 9 autistas con lenguaje bajo la media (ALB), 12 autistas con lenguaje dentro del rango medio (ALM) y 21 con desarrollo típico (DT), todos provenientes de escuelas de la comuna de Santiago, Chile. Se diseñó un instrumento ad hoc para evaluar la comprensión narrativa, que incluyó preguntas literales e inferenciales basadas en una narración audiovisual. Los resultados mostraron que DT superó a ALM en comprensión inferencial y total, mientras que ALB obtuvo puntuaciones significativamente menores que ambos grupos en comprensión literal, inferencial y total. En las preguntas inferenciales, las diferencias entre los grupos autistas se concentraron en las de pensamiento y evaluativas, con un mejor desempeño de ALM, mientras que las inferencias emocionales resultaron desafiantes para ambos subgrupos. Estos hallazgos refuerzan la necesidad de considerar el nivel de lenguaje estructural en la evaluación de la comprensión narrativa en autismo y de diseñar instrumentos culturalmente pertinentes para esta población.