University of Business and Entrepreneurship in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski

Abstract Introduction. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death in the world among chronic diseases. The article discusses the relationship between the quality of life of patients with COPD and the presence of diseases associated mainly with hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The examination includes subjective and holistic assessment of the patient’s health condition, which allows to notice any disorders and deficits in the functioning of patients with this disease. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease depending on the comorbidities. Material and methods. The study included 319 COPD patients treated in the Lung Diseases Clinic with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The study was conducted using a diagnostic survey method and analyzing medical records. The research tool assessing patients quality of life was the SGRQ questionnaire (Saint George Hospital Questionaire). Results. Respondents who had a myocardial infarction had a slightly lower quality of life in the “Impact on life subscale” (p=0.047). It was noted that patients with hypertension had a lower quality of life in the domain of “Activity” (p<0.05) and “Impact on life” (p<0.001). However, with hyperlipidemia, a lower quality of life was noticeable in the “Symptoms” (p<0.001) and “Impact on life” subscale (p=0.002). Conclusions. Exacerbation of symptoms in the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a history of myocardial infarction, hypertension and hyperlipidemia are significantly related to the decreased quality of life of patients. Prevention of these civilization diseases can prevent deterioration of the quality of life of patients.

Actions taken at the local level should aim, among others, at: supporting development initiatives aimed at improving the quality of life of local communities, supporting the local labor market, building or improving the quality of infrastructure or the state of the natural environment. The financial situation of the commune is closely correlated with the level of local development, understood as a complex of quantitative and qualitative transformations in a given commune. The aim of the article is to analyze the spatial disproportions of the financial situation using a synthetic measure. The analysis was made in the system of rural communes of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodship. As source material, data from the Regional Accounting Chamber (Kielce branch) for 2007 and 2017 were used. The division of communes into classes of units with a similar level of the financial situation allows to state that in the high (I) classes, communes with a developed industrial function dominated, with a developing labor market, with a large number of enterprises in the SME sector, with a disappearing agricultural function. Whereas in the lowlevel class (IV), there were units with a traditional agricultural function. The values of the synthetic measure indicate a similar reaction of municipalities to changes in the economy and the spatial stability of the studied phenomenon. In 2007, the measure of the financial standing (OE) of rural communes in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodship ranged from 0.64 to 0.80, while in 2017 from 0.56 to 0.80; TOPSIS measure in 2007 from 0.31 to 0.47 and in 2017 from 0.30 to 0.51 (TOPSIS). The financial situation was strongly correlated with own revenues, revenues from local taxes and transfers from the state budget, investment and current expenses, the balance of migration or the number of economic entities and natural persons conducting economic activity.

<strong>Mota Oksana, Halyuk Ulyana, Pokotylo Petro, Lohash Maxim, Zboina </strong><strong>Bożena, Ślusarska Barbara</strong><strong>,</strong> <strong>Król </strong><strong>Halina</strong><strong>, </strong><strong>Czerwińska Pawluk </strong><strong>Iwona</strong><strong>, Zukow Walery</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>The Morphometric Analysis of the Human Thyroid of the Endemic Region of Ukraine</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2020;10(1):</strong><strong>101</strong><strong>-</strong><strong>11</strong><strong>2</strong><strong>. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI </strong><strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.01.01</strong><strong>2</strong> <strong>https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2020.10.01.01</strong><strong>2</strong> <strong>https://zenodo.org/record/3628894</strong> <strong>The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019.</strong> <strong>© The Authors 20</strong><strong>20</strong><strong>;</strong> <strong>This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland</strong> <strong>Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike.</strong> <strong>(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.</strong> <strong>The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.</strong> <strong>Received: 20.12.2019. Revised: 25.12.2019. Accepted: 2</strong><strong>7</strong><strong>.01.2020.</strong> <strong>UDC: 611. 641 ̶ 018.1:616 ̶ 053.6(477.87)</strong> <strong>The Morphometric Analysis of the Human Thyroid of the Endemic Region of Ukraine</strong> <strong>Oksana Mota¹, Ulyana Halyuk¹, Petro Pokotylo¹, Maxim Lohash¹, </strong><strong>Bożena Zboina², Barbara Ślusarska³</strong><strong>,</strong> <strong>Halina Król</strong><strong>⁴</strong><strong>,</strong> <strong>Iwona Czerwińska Pawluk</strong><strong>⁵</strong><strong>, Walery Zukow</strong><strong>⁶</strong> ¹Department of Normal Anatomy, Lviv National Medical University‚ Danylo Halycky, Lviv, Ukraine ²Department of Pedagogy and Health Sciences, College of Business and Entreprise, Ostrowiec Świetokrzyski, Poland ³Department of Family Medicine and Community Nursing, Chair of Oncology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Poland ⁴Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Poland ⁵Radom College in Radom, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Children's Hospital Lublin, Poland ⁶Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland Oksana Mota Kaf_normanatomy@meduniv.lviv.ua Ulyana Halyuk Kaf_normanatomy@meduniv.lviv.ua Petro Pokotylo anatompetro@gmail.com Maxim Lohash Kaf_normanatomy@meduniv.lviv.ua Bożena Zboina 0000-0003-1245-5451 bozenazboina@poczta.fm Barbara Ślusarska 0000-0003-0101-9216 basiaslusarska@gmail.com Halina Król 0000-0001-6716-6185 krolhalina@poczta.fm halina.krol@ujk.edu.pl Iwona Czerwińska Pawluk elwira64@wp.pl Walery Zukow w.zukow@wp.pl <strong>Abstract</strong> <strong>Introduction.</strong> Since the thyroid gland (TG), like the rest of the human body, is characterised by wide variety in shape and size, the evaluation of its linear and volumetric parameters by ultrasound images is one of the most important and objective ways of quantitative characteristics of the organ. There are scarce studies into TG morphometry by ultrasound in the Precarpathian region, which is one of the oldest endemic places in Europe. <strong>Objective. </strong>The aim of the current research study is to conduct the morphometric analysis of TG in adolescents of different sex and constitution who are indigenous inhabitants of the Precarpathian region <strong>Materials and methods. </strong>Therefore, the morphometric analysis of TG linear and morphometric parameters has been conducted in 179 adolescents inhabiting the territory. Ultrasonography has been carried out in Lviv Regional Infectious Clinical Hospital by means of “CHISON” sonograph. Three longitudinal and three anteroposterior dimensions of TG right and left lobes at different levels were measured based on the sonograms taken UDC: 611. 641 ̶ 018.1:6at the angle of 20 - 30° to the median plane. The volume of each TG lateral lobe was measured by the following formula: AxBxCx0.52, where A is the lobe length, B is the lobe width, C is the lobe thickness, and 0.52 is the coefficient of allowance. <strong>Results. </strong>The ratio between the linear parameters of the lobes has been revealed to be determined rather by constitutional than by sex peculiarities of those under study. It is statistically probable that longitudinal dimensions of both lobes in dolichomorphic people of both sexes exceed the analogous ones in mesomorphs and brachymorphs of both sexes. TG lobes in brachymorphs, in particular, are wider compared with those in both mesomorphs and dolichomorphs, irrespective of sex. The analysis of TG volumetric parameters in different body types of both sexes has indicated that TG volume in brachymorphs dominates in volume over mesomorphs and dolichomorphs, irrespective of sex. Moreover, the volume of the right lobe is larger than the volume of the left one by 0.5 -1.0 cm³ in all of the body types of both sexes. The difference is especially marked in males of the brachymorphic body type. Although there is no statistically probable difference in male and female TG volumes of mesomorphs and dolichomorphs. TG volumes in male brachymorphs are markedly larger than in female ones. As for volume variations they are quite extensive from a minimal male TG volume of 4.85 cm³ to a maximal one of 17.52 cm³, and from a minimal female TG volume of 3.09 cm³ to a maximal one of 14.51 cm³. <strong>Conclusions. </strong>Thuse the results of TG morphometry by ultrasound demonstrate that there is a direct correlation between TG linear, volumetric parameters and sex or body types, which should be taken into consideration while making a diagnosis in order to avoid incorrect positive diagnoses of TG hypo- or hyperplasia. <strong>Key words:</strong> thyroid gland; ultrasound investigation; morphometric analysis; sex; constitution body type

The paper concerns the concept of Intermarium from a historical perspective, seen from the Polish point of view. The author presents the genesis of this concept, its historical premises, unsuccessful attempts to build a collective safety system in Central and Eastern Europe in the 20th century, and finally reflects on the chance of contemporary integration initiatives in the area between the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea. In his speech, the author focuses on the title Intermarium paradox, indicating that in the twentieth century integration attempts had no chance of success, because none of the countries in this part of the continent was a sufficient centre of power - while the unification of Central and Eastern Europe was undertaken by external centres of power, on by the coercion principles.

The article deals with the issue of the importance of religious socialization as an important process whose proper course in the contemporary Polish family allows, even at least partially, to protect it from threats. Shaping a man in a family environment that properly fulfills the functions assigned to it, what does not treat marginal care for respecting and intergenerational transmission of principles, norms, values and patterns of religious behavior is primarily obligation of parents responsible for children. Religion is inscribed in the life of societies, therefore drawing from this treasury in the process of socialization and in situations of failure of its course is an irreplaceable guidepost and support in individual and social life. The duration of present and future societies depends on the quality of life of the families that create it, for this reason care for their condition is so important.

The article contains a discussion of the views of trying to explain today recorded an alarming increase in the number of people deposited in prisons. View, these ideas show how flawed and shortsighted social policies pursued in many Western countries, instead of focusing on long-term, arduous it is true, but more effective activation programs of social assimilation of representatives of disadvantaged economically, focuses on ad hoc, mostly populist surgery. At the end of shows recently announced the views P.K. Enns of the inherent relationships incarceration rates with the shaped by media moods of the American public. At the end of shows recently announced the views P.K. Enns of the inherent relationships incarceration rates with the shaped by media moods of the American public.

The purpose of this study was to present changes in the food industry in the countries of the European Union in the years of economic crisis, 2007-2011. On the basis of the data from the European Commission web pages and from the bulletin “Data & trends of the European Food and Drink Industry”, the size of the food industry in general and in the countries of the European Union was analyzed. It was found that despite the economic crisis, these changes were rather small. / Synopsis. Celem opracowania bylo przedstawienie zmian w przemyśle spozywczym w krajach Unii Europejskiej w latach kryzysu gospodarczego 2007-2011. Na podstawie danych zawartych na stronach Komisji Europejskiej i w biuletynach Data & trends of the European Food and Drink Industry przeanalizowano wielkości przemyslu spozywczego ogolem oraz w krajach Unii Europejskiej. Stwierdzono, ze mimo kryzysu gospodarczego zmiany te byly niewielkie.