University of Caldas

La cuenca del río Magdalena ha experimentado una transformación intensa asociada a la concentración histórica de la población y actividades productivas, con implicaciones directas para la persistencia de su biodiversidad. Este estudio caracterizó la composición y distribución de los mamíferos en el Magdalena caldense, mediante la integración de muestreos estandarizados con cámaras trampa y recorridos de observación, literatura científica y registros de colecciones biológicas. Se consolidaron 2894 registros correspondientes a 42 especies (24 familias y 8 órdenes), con mayor riqueza de Carnivora. Cinco especies son endémicas de Colombia y ocho se encuentran en alguna categoría de amenaza a nivel nacional o global, incluyendo Saguinus leucopus, Ateles hybridus y Panthera onca. Los registros históricos se concentraron en elevaciones medias y altas, mientras que los muestreos recientes aportaron información clave para zonas bajas previamente subrepresentadas, lo que redujo vacíos espaciales de información. Estos resultados evidencian la relevancia de la subregión Magdalena caldense para la conservación de mamíferos medianos y grandes en el valle interandino del río Magdalena y proporcionan una línea base robusta para la planificación de estrategias de manejo, conectividad del paisaje y monitoreo a largo plazo.

Despite an increase in mental health problems, there is low implementation of mental health services, high catastrophic health spending, and a high incidence of coercive mental health practices. This could hinder recovery after a suicide attempt. To analyze catastrophic spending and coercive practices, and their relationship with variables associated with recovery (depression and well-being) and with the functioning of health services (continuity of care), in people who attempted suicide during 2024 and 2025 in Caldas, Colombia. A cross-sectional and population-based was conducted with stratified random sampling in Colombia. Validated instruments were applied to determine subjective well-being, depressive symptoms and continuity of care in health services. To determine the perception of coercive practices in the care of suicidal behaviors in health services, an instrument was used that divided coercive practices into formal (physical abuse, isolation, forced hospitalization) and informal (involuntary medication, lack of participation in treatment planning). A multiple linear regression was calculated for formal and informal coercion. The model for formal coercion explained 21% of the variance, and the model for informal coercion explained 63.2%, both with high coefficients for catastrophic health expenditures. Compared to those who did not report coercion, those who did reported it presented with more depressive symptoms, worse continuity of care, catastrophic health expenditures, and a lower socioeconomic status. There is a relationship between the coercive practices perceived and catastrophic spending on mental health services for psychosocial recovery. Those subjected to any coercive practice may have worse outcomes in terms of catastrophic mental health spending and depressive symptoms. Catastrophic spending is proposed as a form of structural coercion that could hinder psychosocial recovery.

A acidemia metilmalônica (AMM) é um erro inato do metabolismo caracterizado pela deficiência da atividade da enzima metilmalonil-CoA mutase (MMC). Essa enzima participa do metabolismo da vitamina B12. A doença pode manifestar-se precocemente na infância com vômitos, sintomas respiratórios, diminuição do tônus muscular e atraso no crescimento e desenvolvimento. Relata-se o caso de um neonato com hipotonia, apneia e APGAR 5/7, que necessitou de intubação orotraqueal e transferência para a Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). O paciente apresentou anemia com necessidade de transfusão sanguínea, suspeita de sepse associada a infecção urinária materna ativa e acidose metabólica persistente durante a primeira semana de vida, de etiologia inicialmente não esclarecida. Após o primeiro mês de vida, foi diagnosticada acidemia metilmalônica associada à homocistinúria tipo CblC por meio do teste da boquinha. Foram instituídas medidas nutricionais específicas com resposta clínica favorável, incluindo adequado ganho ponderal e acompanhamento em pediatria geral, nutrição e neuropediatria. A AMM é uma doença metabólica caracterizada pelo acúmulo de ácidos orgânicos decorrente de deficiências enzimáticas relacionadas ao metabolismo da vitamina B12. Devido à apresentação clínica inespecífica, os principais diagnósticos diferenciais incluem sepse neonatal e encefalopatia hipóxico-isquêmica. Posteriormente, no período pós-neonatal, a disfunção metabólica pode manifestar-se de forma semelhante à cetoacidose metabólica. O conhecimento dos principais diagnósticos diferenciais é fundamental para o estabelecimento de diagnóstico precoce e melhora do prognóstico do paciente.

Abstract The Aotus lemurinus complex comprises three-night monkey species: Aotus griseimembra , A. lemurinus , and Aotus zonalis , whose distributions have historically been described as allopatric. In this study we applied ecological niche modeling (ENM) to evaluate this long-held hypothesis by comparing their climatic niches and estimate their potential geographic distributions. We assessed regions of potential distribution overlap to determine whether species distributions agree with allopatric, sympatric or parapatric patterns. Further, we quantified pairwise climatic niche similarity test to analyze niche conservatism patterns in this complex. Our results revealed potential regions of sympatry and parapatric contact identified in the inter-Andean valleys of Colombia and along the Colombia -Panama border, spanning elevations above and below 1,000 m. We found a phylogenetic niche conservatism within the complex. Thus A. griseimembra and A. lemurinus , most related species, showed the moderate higher climatic niche similarity, than the other pairwise comparissons. Overall, these findings challenge the allopatric distribution model and underscore a more dynamic ecological and biogeographic structure within the A. lemurinus complex, highlighting the importance of considering transitional zones and historical processes when interpreting their distributional patterns.

Abstract GeoLatinas is a nonprofit organization based on members volunteering and Co‑Leadership, which conduct initiatives to foster skills and knowledge transference collectively. This chapter describes GeoLatinas mentoring program design and workflow, which is aimed at building a tailored mentoring program focused on Latinas in geoscience careers. The program design involved a literature review, webinar organizations, surveys, and feedback from the GeoLatinas members, and shared experiences from our liaisons and advisers. GeoLatinas designed mentoring program is focused on younger generations of Latinas in STEM disciplines, particularly in geosciences. The mentoring program is rooted in Latina sisterhood, which is focused on creating a safe place for Latinas to grow professionally. Also, peer mentoring accelerates leadership skills among members who undertake initiatives. Here, we discuss lessons and challenges that mentors, mentees, and program coordinators overcame, which resulted in a successful mentoring experience in a formal program. We recognized the coordinators’ significant role, especially demands regarding volunteering and commitment. We strongly believe that our workflow may aid other non–profit organizations for mentoring purposes.

Local community participation plays an increasingly important role in the sustainable management of river basins. Communities’ contribution to protecting hydrological basins and the ecosystems surrounding them has been recognized in the political and scientific debate. Hence, protecting these ecosystems from a socio-ecosystemic approach is necessary. This research work, based on empirical evidence, aims to contribute to comprehending the relationship between communitarian action and the protection of river basins and the ecosystems surrounding them. For this purpose, we conduct a documentary and ethnographic study of the Community Water Supply Service Systems (CWS) located in the high and middle basin of the Guarino River in Marulanda, Caldas, Colombia. This work considers the communitarian character of these systems as well as their compatibility with the environment and their long-term sustainability. Recognizing some of these community systems as strategies for environmental protection and an efficient supply of water services is necessary for improving water management in river basins. It also recognizes the indissociable relationship existing between environmental sustainability and the construction of territorialities around community governance of water resources in rural areas.

In international trade, selecting an Incoterm is a critical decision impacting costs and risks. Previous quantitative studies relied on traditional econometric models imposing strict linearity, limiting causal interpretation. This study addresses this gap by applying a causal inference framework to identify Incoterm choice drivers among Colombian exporters. The methodology combines (i) directed acyclic graphs to encode causal assumptions; (ii) nested, cross-validated random forests to capture complex, nonlinear relationships; and (iii) G-computation to estimate unbiased causal effects. Results show that transactional features dominate selection. Transitioning from bulk to containerized cargo increases the probability of selecting an E/F-group term-such as Ex Works (EXW), Free On Board (FOB), or Free Carrier (FCA), where the seller’s obligations end upon delivery to the buyer-by 13.4 percentage points. Additionally, shipment weight and value exhibit nonlinear threshold effects, where E/F terms become significantly more probable only after shipments surpass specific size thresholds-a pattern missed by prior linear models. Relational factors also matter; sharing a common language with the trade partner increases E/F-term probability by 6.5 percentage points. This framework provides managers with a tool to predict Incoterm choices and quantify the causal impact of altering shipment profiles, enabling better-aligned, lower-risk trade contracts. • Apply a causal framework to model trade term selection in real-world customs data. • Capture nonlinear effects of shipment size and value using advanced learning models. • Identify primary trade drivers through empirical analysis of firm-level transactions. • Estimate causal impacts of logistics choices with robust decision tools. • Support international trade planning with data-informed strategic insights.

Objetivo principal: Examinar el impacto longitudinal de una unidad didáctica basada en el modelo de Toulmin para fortalecer los niveles de argumentación en estudiantes de enfermería durante el aprendizaje de microbiología bacteriana. Metodología: Estudio de caso mixto (cualitativo dominante) con 38 estudiantes de segundo semestre de enfermería (UCEVA, Colombia). Se implementó una intervención de 12 semanas estructurada en cuatro momentos evaluativos, utilizando triangulación metodológica (cuestionarios pre/post, análisis de argumentos en casos clínicos y observaciones). Resultados principales: Reducción del nivel argumentativo "Bajo" (70% a 10%) e incremento del "Alto" (0% a 60%). Mejoras significativas en precisión de datos (25% a 70%), justificaciones y confianza clínica (60%). La refutación mostró avances limitados. Conclusión principal: La intervención estructurada con el modelo de Toulmin mejora sustancialmente la competencia argumentativa en enfermería, evidenciando su valor para fortalecer el razonamiento clínico basado en evidencia.

Introduction. Monitoring serum drug levels in children with congenital toxoplasmosis is essential for determining therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to standardize the quantification of two sulfonamides, sulfadiazine (SDZ) and sulfadoxine (SDX), using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Key attributes such as linearity, precision, accuracy, selectivity, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) were evaluated, alongside secondary attributes like drug stability and matrix effects. Methodology. The quantification of SDZ and SDX was performed using HPLC-DAD, evaluating: linearity: Confirmed a linear correlation between analytical signal and drug concentration, precision: Evaluated using relative standard deviation (%RSD), accuracy: Determined by recovery percentages, selectivity: Ensured no significant interference from the biological matrix, LOD and LOQ: Assessed for method sensitivity. Results. The method demonstrated a clear linear relationship between concentration and instrumental response. Precision was within acceptable ranges for bioanalytical studies, with %RSD indicating consistent results. The accuracy was satisfactory with recovery percentages slightly below 90%, which was acceptable considering the complexity of the biological matrix. LOD and LOQ were consistent with previously reported values, confirming high sensitivity. Conclusions. The HPLC-DAD method is reliable, robust, and sensitive for monitoring sulfadiazine and sulfadoxine levels in serum. While recovery percentages were slightly below 90%, the method’s performance was satisfactory considering the biological matrix. This method is suitable for therapeutic monitoring and can aid in assessing treatment efficacy in congenital toxoplasmosis.