University of Cauca

TreeEyed was developed to facilitate tree monitoring in silvopastoral systems as an open source and easy to use QGIS Plugin that leverages state of the art AI models for tree detection, tree segmentation and canopy height estimation. Over six thousand downloads from >20 different countries from the QGIS plugin repository demonstrate great interest and user feedback has been useful to identify different areas of improvement. This software update to version 0.2.0 improves the processing and usability of the plugin in terms of model integration capabilities, tiling approach and cache system, user interface improvements with the addition of QGIS processing algorithm, and features for developers.

Background: bad abdominal hemorrhage with the need for aortic occlusion is a big problem in trauma care. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) and resuscitative thoracotomy (RT) with aortic cross-clamping are the two main methods of controlling hemorrhage immediately, but evidence checking these two methods is conflicting. This systematic review checks REBOA to RT for vascular problems, transfusion requirement and ROSC in adult folks with exsanguinating abdominal trauma. Methods: Using the PRISMA guidelines, we searched the literature in the databases: MEdlne, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus and Web of Science from January 2000 to December 2024. Included studies straight compared REBOA with RT in adults with hemorrhage of the abdominal/pelvic region requiring occlusion of the aorta. Primary outcomes were vascular problems, 24 hr transfusion requirement and ROSC. Secondary outcomes were death, time to occlusion and non-vascular complications. Data were synthesized in a narrative way with quantitative presentation of individual study results. Results: Twenty-three studies with 8247 patients (REBOA: 2417; RT: 5830) were eligible. Vascular complication chances with REBOA were 4.2-19.2% among studies compared to 1.1-8.3% among studies with RT. Access site artery injury was found in 4.0% of REBOA patients compared to 1.1% with RT. Distal Limb Ischemia that Required fix occurred in 3.0% of REBOA patients compared with 1.3% with RT. Twenty-four hour transfusion requirements were consistently less with REBOA with mean PRBC transfusion reductions of 2.4 - 4.2 units across studies. ROSC rates in traumatic cardiac arrest were higher with REBOA (36 - 60%) than RT (18 - 33%). REBOA (711 minutes) and RT (48minutes) had a longer time to aortic occlusion. Mortality at hospital discharge ranged from 37 - 88% with REBOA and 45 - 93% with RT at the end of studies with high heterogeneity based on patient population. Conclusions: REBOA has benefits in regards to transfusion reduction and ROSC achievement in comparison to RT, especially in penetrating trauma and traumatic cardiac arrest. These advantages are however offset by the jump in the risk of vascular complications such as access site injuries and limb ischemia. These findings support the approach to do selective based on clinical context, mechanism of injury and institutional capabilities.

What makes studying at a normal school distinctive in the preparation of future teachers is that training occurs through the practice of teaching. This is a relational experience that extends beyond the curriculum and transcends the classroom, particularly because individuals inhabit both the positions of student and teacher. This article explores this dynamic through a school-based ethnography conducted in three normal schools located in predominantly rural areas. It argues that being addressed as a “teacher” constitutes an ethical event—an interpellation that prompts the subject to recognize themselves as in formation: a moment of recognition and reception that activates knowledge in action. Teaching thus constitutes a doing-knowing in which an inventive capacity emerges that exceeds the boundaries of institutional structures, even as it is made possible by them. From this perspective, the article reaffirms the centrality of teaching as a formative experience and offers insights for re-signifying their place and contribution within the national teacher education system.

Palliative care (PC) and End-of-Life Care (EOLC) focus on improving the quality of life of patients with life-threatening illnesses by addressing physical, psychosocial, and spiritual needs. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are essential for standardising care and supporting evidence-based clinical decision-making to improve patient outcomes but despite their importance, the methodological quality, transparency, and overall trustworthiness of CPGs require systematic evaluation. Given the limited assessment of CPGs in these areas, this study aimed to assess the methodological quality and transparency of CPGs in PC and EOLC for adult patients using the AGREE-II tool. Additionally, we evaluated the completeness of reporting using the RIGHT checklist. We conducted a scoping review to map the existing clinical CPGs in PC and EOLC. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and multiple international guideline repositories was performed to identify relevant CPGs endorsed by professional organisations. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality and transparency using the AGREE II tool and the completeness of reporting using the RIGHT checklist. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus or a third reviewer. Descriptive analyses and inter-rater agreement were calculated. A total of 6430 citations were identified and screened, resulting in the final inclusion of 23 CPGs. Over half (52.2%) focused exclusively on PC and were developed by governmental institutions. Based on AGREE-II assessment, 60.9% were classified as 'Recommended', 30.4% as 'Recommended with modifications'. The highest-scoring domains were Scope and Purpose (89%) and Clarity of Presentation (83%), while Applicability scored lowest (25%). Among the CPGs, 'IETS 2016 (Institute for Technological Assessment in Health, Colombia)' had the highest overall quality score (mean 96%), while 'CHPCA 2013 (Canadian Hospice Palliative Care Association, Canada)' had the lowest (mean 22%). Interrater agreement was good to excellent across most AGREE II domains, with the highest agreement for editorial independence (ICC = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.71-0.94) and the lowest for stakeholder involvement (ICC = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.29-0.81). Several CPGs in PC and EOLC demonstrated significant gaps in applicability and transparency. To enhance their relevance and impact in clinical practice, improvements are needed in addressing real-world implementation challenges and providing clearer information on methodology, funding sources, and conflict of interest management.

The convergence of cyber-physical systems (CPSs), operational technologies (OTs), industrial control systems (ICSs), and quantum computing poses unprecedented challenges for the security and resilience of critical infrastructures (CIs). As quantum capabilities progress, classical cryptographic mechanisms such as RSA and ECC face increasing risks from quantum algorithms (Shor and Grover), while CPS and OT remain constrained by long life cycles, heterogeneity, and limited upgrade capabilities. This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) following a GQM-PICO-PRISMA methodological framework to examine 66 primary studies, selected from 1.522 records identified in seven scientific databases and published between 2005 and 2025. The review identifies dominant research domains, ranging from IoT/IIoT security to machine learning-based intrusion detection in CPS/OT environments, and synthesizes key challenges. Findings reveal significant fragmentation in CPS taxonomies, limited integration of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) into OT/ICS protocols, a scarcity of real-world datasets, and insufficient quantum threat modeling (QTM). This work consolidates and structures prior evidence into a literature-derived classification of quantum-era CPS/OT cybersecurity topics and distills a prioritized research agenda for advancing quantum-resilient architectures.

Moderate-to-severe thyroid eye disease (TED) is a potentially vision-threatening inflammatory condition that requires timely, evidence-based medical management. Although intravenous glucocorticoids remain the mainstay of therapy, several biologic and immunosuppressive agents have emerged as potential alternatives, particularly in steroid-refractory disease. To evaluate and compare the efficacy, safety, and therapeutic positioning of medical treatments for active moderate-to-severe thyroid eye disease. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted through February 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, observational cohorts, and selected case series evaluating pharmacological interventions for moderate-to-severe TED. Outcomes of interest were proptosis reduction, Clinical Activity Score (CAS) improvement, diplopia response, and safety/tolerability. A semi-quantitative synthesis approach was used to integrate evidence across heterogeneous study designs. Fifty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Intravenous glucocorticoids (IVGCs) demonstrated the most consistent efficacy in controlling inflammatory activity, with modest effects on proptosis and favorable tolerability at cumulative doses below 8 g. Among biologic therapies, teprotumumab showed the greatest magnitude of benefit across all efficacy domains but was limited by safety considerations and access constraints. Rituximab and tocilizumab demonstrated moderate efficacy, particularly in glucocorticoid-resistant cases. Mycophenolate mofetil emerged as the most reliable non-biologic immunosuppressive option. Oral glucocorticoids and several adjunctive therapies showed limited or inconsistent benefit. This systematic review provides an integrated framework to support therapeutic decision-making in moderate-to-severe TED. Intravenous glucocorticoids remain the most consistently supported first-line therapy, while IGF-1R-targeted biologic therapy offers the most comprehensive efficacy across key clinical domains in selected patients. Not registered.

Water reuse and resource recovery are priority environmental goals under increasing water scarcity and climate stress. Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is widely applied in municipal, industrial, and decentralized treatment trains because fine microbubbles (MB) enhance solids removal efficiency. Accurate, low-cost characterization of MB size and rise velocity is therefore valuable for process monitoring and optimization. This study develops and validates a smartphone-based, computer-vision pipeline for laboratory-scale DAF systems. After camera calibration and lens un-distortion, each video sequence (235 frames per run) is processed through grayscale conversion, median, Gaussian, and local-Laplacian filtering, gamma correction, and Otsu thresholding, followed by morphological refinement. Circular Hough transform then identifies MB candidates, providing their diameters and centroid locations. These detections are then linked frame-to-frame using a distance-gated nearest-neighbor tracker with dynamic memory allocation to accommodate new MBs under turbulent, bubble-clustering conditions. Rise velocity is computed from interframe centroid displacement and frame interval. The system reliably tracked up to 32 microbubbles simultaneously per video. Across four operating pressure/airflow combinations, mean MB diameters ranged 95.47–216.42 µm and mean rise velocities 9.40×10³–2.76×10⁴ µm/s. The approach is low cost, computationally lightweight, and suitable for rapid MB characterization to support DAF monitoring, optimization, and research.

Introduction: This article presents storytelling as a didactic narrative in the defense of the doctoral thesis “Discovering different capacities in the world of life: from the empathic depths of experience”. Methodology: Through reflection, a lived experience is shared from the phenomenological approach to understanding the phenomenon of disability in the world of school life. Results: The thesis challenges the traditional perception of disability by examining capacities revealed through the descriptions of experiences of individuals labeled as disabled in the school environment. Conclusion: In coherence with the written document and the method used, it was considered to carry out the thesis defense through storytelling as a pedagogical modality that facilitates empathy with the work written by the researcher.

Community Water Management in Rural Areas has been strengthened through the recognition and the spaces that rural women are gaining. These women have waged struggles in their territories for water for their communities. Through activities inherent to rural life and intercultural exchange, they have secured spaces for political, economic, social, and environmental participation, making their voices visible through positions, arguments, actions, and discourses that bring to light the real needs of their territories, within processes of resistance rooted in their own actions. The qualitative approach methodology analyzed realities within their contexts, interpreting the meanings and roles each woman plays in water management processes, their perspectives on social, cultural, and political issues, and their standpoints for both mitigating and raising their voices in the face of this reality. Information was collected through visits during different stages of the process, gatherings were held, and stories and lived experiences were gathered from the diversity of their roles. The findings reveal the situation of rural women in their contexts, the challenges they face daily, the stereotypes with which they have been labeled, their resistance and leadership in decision-making, and the ways they define, from their own thinking, categories that identify them. The conclusions highlight and acknowledge situations such as the absence of the State in the management of rural aqueducts, the different systems of oppression, discrimination, and types of violence that seek to overshadow the role they play in their communities and in society.