University of Celaya

La presión social es un fenómeno que se da en todos los grupos sociales, donde los dominantes aíslan al diferente. Este comportamiento es posible porque los modelos establecidos de cada cultura son tomados como leyes que establecen los parámetros de comportamiento, belleza, educación y salud; por tanto, se tiende a excluir a aquél que no se rige por dichas reglas. Cada periodo de la historia cuenta con sus propios estándares de belleza y cada cultura desarrolla diferentes conceptos sobre la propia imagen, forma y decoración del cuerpo. Como consecuencia de esta presión social, ha surgido una preocupación extrema por todo lo relativo al peso anatómico y nos demuestra que la imagen corporal está influida por diferentes aspectos socioculturales, biológicos y ambientales. El presente estudio tiene por objeto identificar la incidencia de esa presión social que denominada “violencia estética” afecta la imagen corporal de los y las estudiantes de la ENMS Celaya y su repercusión en el desempeño académico.

Metallic materials are composed of elements with defined chemical composition, and their intrinsic atomic arrangement confers them a distinctive crystalline structure. Thus, it is relevant to study of metallic materials, specifically cast aluminum alloys, whose physical and mechanical properties depend inherently on their chemical composition. Regarding the importance of mechanical properties, such as hardness, elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength in optimizing industrial performance, it becomes essential to employ robust methods for their estimation. This study examines the computational estimation of mechanical properties from the chemical composition of various cast aluminum alloys. Two estimation modeling approaches were employed: Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). Model performance was evaluated using three statistical metrics: Mean Absolute Error (MAE), which measures the average magnitude of errors; Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), which emphasizes larger error; and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), which evaluates the percentage error relative to observed values. The results revealed that the ANN model exhibited superior estimation accuracy across all metrics when compared to the MLR approach. Specifically, the ANN model achieved lower values of MAE and RMSE, indicating more precise estimations and a significantly reduced MAPE, demonstrating improved reliability in estimating mechanical properties. These finding underscore the potential of ANNs as a more effective tool for estimating the mechanical performance of cast aluminum alloys based on their chemical composition. Additionally, the estimation capacity of both models was externally validated using experimental data reported in the literature, enhancing the reliability of the findings.

Camptothecin (CPT) is a natural alkaloid with potent antiproliferative activity, mediated by the inhibition of Topoisomerase I (Topo I), an essential enzyme for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication. However, its clinical application has been limited by low solubility and the instability of the lactone ring under physiological conditions, both of which decrease its efficacy. Semi-synthetic analogs such as irinotecan (CPT-11) and topotecan (TPT) have been developed and approved for the treatment of various types of cancer; however, challenges related to drug resistance and side effects continue to arise. Therefore, nanomedicine and nanoparticle-based delivery systems, including nanoemulsions, liposomes, and antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), emerge as promising strategies to improve the stability, bioavailability, and effectiveness of CPT, despite significant challenges such as scalability, pharmacokinetic variability, and regulatory requirements. This review discusses recent advances in CPT, its analogs, and these delivery platforms, highlighting its potential to optimize cancer therapy and reduce toxicity while outlining translational challenges such as scalability, pharmacokinetic variability, and regulatory requirements.

Objetivo: Describir la experiencia vivida por un grupo de mujeres de 25 a 45 años frente a la histerectomía. Material y Métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo de enfoque fenomenológico en Guanajuato, México, durante el periodo marzo-diciembre de 2024. Se empleó un muestreo en cadena o “bola de nieve”, conformándose una muestra de ocho mujeres que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión: tener entre 25 y 45 años, haber atravesado una histerectomía total o parcial en los últimos dos años. Se excluyeron aquellas mujeres que se sometieron al procedimiento por decisión propia y quienes se encontraban en terapia psicológica. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, audiograbadas con el consentimiento de las participantes. El análisis se llevó a cabo mediante el método de análisis temático de Braun y Clarke. Se respetaron los principios éticos de la investigación en todo el proceso. Resultados: La histerectomía se asoció con disfunciones sexuales posteriores a la cirugía, así como con sentimientos de depresión y tristeza. Las participantes expresaron temor a desarrollar una menopausia temprana, además de experimentar una sensación de vacío corporal. Conclusión: La experiencia de cada mujer tras la histerectomía influyó de manera particular en su vida sexual, en sus emociones y en su autopercepción. Estos hallazgos evidencian la necesidad de brindar acompañamiento posterior a la cirugía, implementar estrategias educativas para erradicar mitos y estereotipos, y ofrecer apoyo en el afrontamiento de los cambios en la imagen corporal.

El estudio aborda el análisis de las propiedades de fiabilidad, validez y estandarización de una escala de diseño propio para evaluar el clima organizacional en población mexicana. Se llevó a cabo un modelado psicométrico que incluyó la consistencia interna, correlaciones ítem-test y análisis factorial confirmatorio de primer y segundo orden. Se propone un baremo que facilite la interpretación de las puntuaciones obtenidas. Se aplicó un muestreo cualitativo en 19 empresas, con la participación de 613 colaboradores de la región Laja-Bajío. La rigurosidad del proceso de falsabilidad de los modelos de medida proporciona evidencia sólida sobre el ajuste teórico-empírico. Los indicadores psicométricos respaldan la idoneidad del instrumento para llevar a cabo evaluaciones de screening del clima organizacional en la población objeto. La escala, de origen mexicano, expone el proceso de estandarización regional. La utilización del baremo debe realizarse considerando las particularidades regionales, su valor radica en la confirmación de los parámetros en contextos similares.

‘San Luis 22’ es una variedad de frijol de grano negro brillante de tamaño medio, es de hábito indeterminado postrado tipo III. Es de ciclo de madurez intermedio, con 95 a 100 días a madurez fisiológica. Su rendimiento potencial en condiciones de temporal es de 1 450 kg ha1. En El Bajío, en siembras de campo, es tolerante a tizón común y resistente a roya, antracnosis, tizón de halo y mosaico común del frijol. Posee los marcadores moleculares SW13, asociado al gen I de resistencia al virus del mosaico común del frijol; Sk14, SI19 y SAD12, asociados a los genes de resistencia a roya Ur-3, Ur-5 y Ur-7, así como SY20, SAS13 y SF10, asociados a los genes de resistencia a antracnosis Co-4, Co-42 y Co-10, respectivamente. ‘San Luis 22’ se recomienda para temporal en El Bajío y el Altiplano del norte de Guanajuato, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí y Zacatecas. En El Bajío y norte de Guanajuato bajo temporal, San Luis 22 superó en 191 kg ha-1 a Negro Otomí, particularmente en siembras atrasadas de agosto, lo que sugirió mayor plasticidad fenológica.

Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery are currently the treatments of choice for cancer. However, conventional therapies have their limitations, such as non-specificity, tumor recurrence and toxicity to the target cells. Recently, nanomaterials have been considered as therapeutic agents against cancer. This is mainly due to their unique optical properties, biocompatibility, large surface area and nanoscale size. These properties are crucial as they can affect biocompatibility and uptake by the cell, reducing efficacy. However, because nanoparticles can be functionalized with biomolecules, they become more biocompatible, which improves uptake, and they can be specifically targeted against cancer cells, which improves their anticancer activity. In this review, we summarize some of the recent studies in which nanomaterials have been functionalized with the aim of increasing therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment.

Background: The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a gender-specific mathematical model, which originates from observation in a healthy normal/overweight population of a linear relationship between body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). VAI provides information of visceral adipose tissue function and insulin sensitivity. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the relationship of VAI with different metabolic phenotypes and cardio metabolic risk markers in non-diabetic subjects. Methods: A total of 183 health clinical subjects from 30 to 50 years of age, with normal weight and with obesity grade I were recruited. Anthropometric measures were taken and quantified glucose, lipids, insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and adiponectin concentrations. Unhealthy phenotype was defined according to the criteria; Visceral Adiposity index (VAI) was calculated. To analyze the differences between VAI quartiles and the metabolic variable, one-way ANOVA and post-hoc test were used. Furthermore, a multiple regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between VAI with insulin levels, the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and glucose, adjusted by sex and BMI. Results: In the study group, four groups were found according to their metabolic state, which includes MHNO (metabolically healthy non-obesity), MUNO (Metabolically unhealthy non-obese subject), MUO (metabolically unhealthy obese subject) and MHO (metabolically healthy obese). Among others, 40% were MHO, they showed lower serum glucose, triglycerides, insulin, hs-CRP levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HOMA-IR than MUO. Metabolically unhealthy non-obese subjects (MUNO) showed higher serum triglycerides, insulin levels, HOMA-IR than the metabolically healthy non-obesity (MHNO) subjects. MUNO and MUO subjects had higher VAI values than MHNO and MHO subjects. In a logistic regression analysis using the cut-offs of VAI quartile 4, >2.25 in women and >1.86 in men found a strong association with glucose, HOMA-IR and adiponectin concentrations. In ROC analysis using these cut-off determined for glucose concentrations >100 mg/dL, an area under the curve of 0.83 in men and 0.71 in women; for HOMA-IR 0.78 only in men, and for adiponectin 0.69 in men and 0.91 in women. Conclusion: VAI estimates visceral fat distribution, and it is a useful determinant of the phenotype change and substituted the necessity to take high-cost imaging studies, thereby making the prediction much more practical in daily clinical practice and population studies for the assessment of cardiometabolic risk associated with visceral obesity. Therefore, VAI is a useful indicator to evaluate the metabolic risk both of non-obese and obese individuals.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare neuromuscular disorder characterized by a progressive decline in muscle function, leading to loss of ambulation, respiratory and cardiac failure, and ultimately death. Improvements in DMD management have increased patient life expectancy; therefore, there is a growing requirement for patients to transfer from paediatric to adult care services. There is also a need for clear recommendations to guide this process. To establish international consensus guidelines regarding best practices for transitioning patients with DMD from paediatric to adult care and ensuring continuity of treatment. Consensus statements were developed using the Delphi process and scored using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. The initiative was led by a steering committee (one non-voting chair and two voting members) who recruited 15 expert panellists to form the consensus group. Following an initial systematic literature search, the consensus group voted in three voting rounds. Round 1 (free-text responses to questions) and Round 2 (importance ranking of statements) were completed using an online survey. Round 3 (voting on final consensus statements) took place during a virtual consensus meeting. Consensus was reached on 48 statements covering the topics of transition planning, the transition process, post-transfer management, communicating with young people with DMD and supporting them with the transition to adult life. These consensus statements provide guidelines for improving transition practices for young people with DMD and promoting continued care at a comparable standard in adulthood.