University of East-West Medicine

In the education sector, numerous research studies have testified the effectiveness of using artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance English language skills. Still, there are very few review studies that specifically focus on the role of AI in teaching and learning English reading skills. Therefore, this review attempts to fill this gap and conducts a systematic review of the articles published between 2019 and 2024 on the use of AI in English reading (AIER). This study identifies the integration and efficacy of AI applications in reading pedagogy; and presents direction for future exploration. The researchers followed article selection, article screening inclusion and data coding analysis steps according to the PRISMA approach for the review process. The analysis indicates that a variety of AI-supported tools and platforms are used by both educators and students to support reading instruction. These tools and platforms are mostly used to create adaptive reading assignments, offer tailored feedback, and enhance access to educational materials. Instead of taking the place of instructional decision-making in English reading pedagogy, these tools are frequently employed to promote learner autonomy and engagement. Moreover, this review also presents the issues that should be addressed to obtain the utmost result of using AI in this field. Hence, the review analysis suggests that AI, being used effectively in teaching English reading skills across the globe, has transformational prospects for institutions and educators of ESL or EFL countries to utilize the scope of employing the AI teaching tactics in improving English reading pedagogy.

Abstract The dengue virus (DENV), a major global pathogen causing over 400 million annual infections, relies on the mosquito Aedes aegypti as its primary vector. Intriguingly, A. aegypti sustains persistent DENV infection without exhibiting apparent pathology, indicating a highly adapted and regulated host-virus relationship. However, the temporal gene expression dynamics that govern this finely balanced interaction remain poorly understood. We performed a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis using 12 paired-end RNA-seq datasets from gene expression omnibus (GEO; GSE222893), comparing naïve and DENV-infected A. aegypti samples at Days 1, 2, and 7 post-infection. A robust bioinformatics pipeline (STAR → FeatureCounts → DESeq2 → g:Profiler) was employed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), explore functional annotations, and resolve temporal patterns via principal component analysis. Finally, a molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) was performed to check the molecular stability of the highly expressed gene. Our temporal analysis identified LOC5570687 , a gene encoding a serine-type endopeptidase, as the most significantly differentially expressed transcript across all infection time points. Functional annotation confirmed its role in proteolysis, implicating it in the cleavage of flaviviral polyproteins, a critical step in viral replication. Principal component analysis revealed distinct transcriptional divergence at Day 1, immune modulation at Day 2, and convergence by Day 7—marking virion maturation. Downregulation of LOC5570687 in DENV-exposed mosquitoes was temporally associated with enhanced viral replication, indicating its potential role as a molecular switch between antiviral defense and viral exploitation. A 100 ns MDS was proof of the structural stability, compactness, and dynamic properties of the highly expressed protein. This study uncovers the temporally dynamic transcriptional landscape of A. aegypti during DENV infection and the serine-type endopeptidase LOC5570687 as a critical regulator of viral pathogenesis. These findings provide a molecular framework for understanding vector competence and propose the LOC5570687 as a promising target for vector-based intervention strategies to disrupt DENV transmission.

Infection with the lungworm Parafilaroides decorus is ubiquitous among young California sea lions (CSL; Zalophus californianus), and high infection intensity is a significant cause of pulmonary pathology, respiratory distress, morbidity, and mortality. Anthelmintics are a common treatment for stranded CSL exhibiting clinical evidence of pneumonia in the rehabilitation setting. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of anthelmintics in reducing larval lungworm fecal output, 55 stranded pup and yearling CSL were treated with either parenteral moxidectin or oral fenbendazole and compared with a group that did not receive an anthelmintic. Clinical disease scoring initially revealed 1 animal to not have disease, 37 animals to have mild to moderate disease, and 17 animals to have severe disease secondary to P. decorus infection. Initial posttreatment fecal recheck scored animals as improved (n = 30), unchanged (n = 14), worsened (n = 2), or dead (n = 9). There was no difference between treatment groups and changes in clinical scores on the basis of clinical signs, nor was there a difference between treatment groups and change of P. decorus presence. There is insufficient evidence to indicate that oral fenbendazole or subcutaneous moxidectin is superior for parasitic pneumonia therapy due to P. decorus in CSL.

Abstract Use of fungal mycelium as a vaccination adjunct may constitute a novel antiviral strategy to address newly emerging viruses. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, we evaluated safety and feasibility of fungal mycelium (Fomitopsis officinalisandTrametes versicolor,FoTv) as an adjunct to human COVID-19 vaccination, as well as its impact on vaccine side-effects and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (Abs). We evaluated safety, feasibility, vaccine side-effects (across 5 days), and anti-SARS-CoV-2 Ab levels (across 6 months). Safety metrics were similar for the FoTv (N=52) and Placebo (N=38) groups and the approach was feasible. Participants with detectable Abs (from prior COVID antigen exposure) were classified as “COVID-Exposed” and those with undetectable Abs as “COVID-Naive.” FoTv, versus Placebo, significantly reduced side-effects in COVID-Naive, but not in COVID-Exposed individuals. In the COVID-Naive FoTv group, Ab responses were preserved across 6 months, an effect not observed among other groups. Adjunctive FoTv was safe, feasible, and reduced vaccine side-effects without compromising (and possibly increasing) Ab levels up to 6 months in participants without previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Use of fungal mycelia was successfully tested as an approach to prevent a novel pandemic virus (SARS-CoV-2), with potential application to H5N1/Bird Flu and other emerging viruses.

Gaussian 70 has been modified to run on a low-cost Nova 3 or Eclipse minicomputer with 64K 16-bit words of memory and a 10-Mbyte disk. The number of parameters that can be handled in the minicomputer version is the same as for the large-computer version. In order to address more than 32K words, memory mapping was used. Experience with memory mapping and tradeoffs between high-speed memory and disk storage are discussed.

This paper proposed an adaptive fault-tolerant flight control scheme where the trajectory optimization is combined with the certainty equivalence principle to achieve the optimal path with occurrence of failures. The nonlinear equations of motions are approximated by a set of LTI models and system matrices are identified on-line with adaptive algorithms to estimate the aerodynamics after failures. The trajectory optimal control problem was then formulated to modify the trajectory commands which can be reached with the achievable control authorities after the failures and thus save the aircraft. Simulations on the modified F-16 aircraft model were conducted and the proposed design was validated for its effectiveness.