University of Gävle

To explore how cancer survivors experience work-related well-being and aspects influencing their experience of it, one year after cancer treatment. During the development of a work-related intervention, cancer survivors (n = 22, 67% was female, age md 56years) were interviewed using purposive sampling one year post chemo-/radiotherapy for breast, prostate or colorectal cancer. Inductive content analysis was applied. The first year after treatment was described as a transition period in which cancer survivors strove to regain their general well-being but were able to experience work-related well-being even when their general well-being was limited. Their work-related experiences were characterised by a balance between personal readiness for work participation and workload. Daily life and working life were described as interdependent, requiring strategies to maintain balance. There was a vulnerability in handling the demands of work. Both general well-being and work-related well-being were promoted by the absence of side effects and the availability of guidance and responsiveness from caregivers and employers. One year after treatment, cancer survivors considered participation in work life to be important for their well-being. At the same time, the need for enhanced preparation was expressed for balancing work and private life, managing remaining side effects, and navigating ongoing rehabilitation. Our results suggest that the interplay between personal preparedness and work-related stress is central to work-related well-being, highlighting the importance of addressing work-related aspects early in treatment. The findings also indicate that available resources in cancer rehabilitation are underused relative to patients' individual needs. Cancer survivors desired a more holistic rehabilitation, as both general well-being and work-related well-being encompass life after illness as well as the process of returning to work. Strengthening and clearly defining the role of contact nurses regarding work-related issues, and establishing early collaboration between thecancer survivor, employer, and rehabilitation coordinators, can improve support for return to work. Further research is needed to investigate how these discussions and support efforts can be structured and how models and theories can be applied to contribute to increased focus on issues related to work-related well-being after cancer.

• Extensive wind tunnel experiments were conducted on SSV via a roof opening. • A benchmark dataset with generic models was created with varied configurations. • Links were built between free-end flow separation and ventilation mechanisms. • Flow pattern above a high-plan aspect ratio cuboid was studied across yaw angles. • Marked enhancement of ventilation was observed with presence of conical vortex. Previous studies have rarely addressed single-sided ventilation driven by the external flow over the roof, which exhibits strong potential owing to its highly turbulent nature and strong suction associated with leading-edge flow separation. In this study, wind tunnel experiments on single-sided ventilation through a roof opening were conducted using two isolated generic models: a cylinder and a rectangular prism, each with a set of replaceable openings. Both models were tested either flush- or floor-mounted. Two inflow conditions, each with three free-stream velocities, were considered. For both models mounted beneath the floor, the nondimensional ventilation rates ( Q* ) are comparable to values reported in the literature; for the prism, a slight increase in Q* with orientation suggests the development of a mixing layer along the streamwise extent of the floor-level opening. In the floor-mounted configuration, body-induced flow disturbances tend to enhance ventilation. Three primary governing rooftop flow regimes are identified—recirculation zone, flow reattachment, and conical vortex—whose relative dominance over the opening depends on inflow turbulence, wind incidence angle, and model configuration. When the opening lies entirely within the recirculation zone, Q* is proportional to the normalized local fluctuation intensity, with a coefficient of about 0.16. For certain yaw angles, the marked increase in Q* strongly correlates with the presence of a conical vortex over the prism model roof, which features strong suction and intense fluctuations. Direct advection through the opening could occur with a favorable opening size and location, allowing deep penetration of the reattaching shear layer.

We present two patients with > 80 years with type 1 diabetes (T1D), but with minor complications. Their history and risk factors are characterized as are factors conferring resilience against angiopathy. Amazingly, both had clearly detectable C-peptide. The underlying reasons for their benign phenotype could form the basis for novel treatment targets.

Healthcare management entails navigating considerable complexity, requiring managers to balance diverse and often competing responsibilities such as staff supervision, patient care, and resource allocation within evolving organizational contexts. Traditional measures rarely capture this multifaceted reality of managerial complexity. The Ottawa Hospital Model of Nursing Clinical Practice and Clinical Management Span of Control Decision-Making Indicators tool (TOH-SOC) provides a broad understanding of managerial span of control. To evaluate the extent to which the TOH-SOC items provide valid measurement of the latent construct of managerial complexity, and to examine the degree to which the empirical response patterns fit with the a priori specified hierarchical conceptual framework. This methodological study uses previously collected data from a convenience sample of 71 first-line healthcare managers, applying items from the TOH-SOC tool. An unrestricted polytomous Rasch model was used to evaluate response category functioning, model fit, targeting, reliability, and empirical item ordering. Polyserial correlation was applied to analyze the concordance between empirical estimates and conceptually expected item hierarchies. Three items were found to have response categories that did not function as intended. In one case, this could justifiably be addressed by collapsing the response options. Two of the items with problematic response categories, as well as one additional item, were found to show misfit with the assumptions of the Rasch measurement model. Among first-line healthcare managers, 13 of the 16 items function well in reliably capturing lower levels of managerial complexity. However, further development of the TOH-SOC tool is required to ensure valid and reliable measurement across the full continuum of managerial complexity, and to strengthen its capacity for detecting changes over time.

ABSTRACT Probabilistic space–time prisms (PSTPs) offer a method for calculating probabilities of interaction between two or more individuals. Previously, PSTP methods have been used to calculate probabilities of being colocated or meeting in space. However, other types of interaction are ecologically important to organisms, as interaction can be physical or proximal. In this paper, we develop protocols for using PSTPs to calculate proximal and visual interactions, defined using both distance‐based intervals and visibility analysis. First, PSTPs for multiple individuals with overlapping tracking intervals are generated. Second, equations are used to quantify the probabilities of proximity or visibility between pairs of locations in their respective space–time disks. Probabilities are calculated for each pair of potential locations for the individuals and then can be summarized by time step or aggregated across different temporal scales. We demonstrate the approach using tracking data for 11 pairs, or dyads, of ducks tracked over hour‐long time periods. The results offer insights into how to visualize and interpret proximal and visual interactions of animals.

Light pollution poses a significant threat to nocturnal insects, yet our understanding of how insects are affected by lighting across ecosystems remains limited. We investigated differences in light-induced attraction regarding abundance, richness and diversity of moths between forest and grassland ecosystems. This novel study presents the first multi-site comparison of moth attraction across ecosystems using warm-coloured LED lighting (3000 K) that simulates typical road lighting conditions in both spectral composition and intensity. Using identical light traps with characterised lighting properties across 32 sites, we found significantly higher moth abundance and diversity in forests compared to open grasslands, with stronger environmental effects on moth attraction in open grassland ecosystems. Even at the low light intensities used in our experiment, which is comparable to spill light from road lighting in natural environments, we found significant impacts on moth activity, which is concerning given their limited activity periods. Moth families exhibited varying attractions across ecosystems, suggesting potential sampling biases in light attraction studies. Our comprehensive light characterisation using real-world lighting conditions provides a standardised framework for future research on light pollution impacts. The findings demonstrate the need for ecosystem-specific approaches in light pollution mitigation strategies and have important implications for conservation across diverse landscapes.

The demand for corrosion-resistant and mechanically reliable metallic components in marine, chemical processing, and energy conversion industries has encouraged the integration of additive manufacturing into industrial production. Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing enables the fabrication of medium- to large-scale complex metallic structures at low cost; however, the high thermal input and layer-by-layer deposition commonly lead to elemental segregation, porosity, and nonuniform microstructures that degrade corrosion performance. This study investigates the influence of a post-deposition aluminizing treatment on the surface characteristics and corrosion behavior of stainless steel ER307 and nickel-based superalloy Inconel 625 produced by Wire Arc Directed Energy Deposition. Microstructural evolution, phase transformation, hardness distribution, and corrosion behavior in a 3.5% sodium chloride environment were examined through microscopy, X-ray diffraction, hardness testing, and electrochemical analysis. The aluminizing process generated localized surface porosity and limited non-uniformity aluminide coatings of approximately 40–50 μm thickness, reduced surface roughness, and markedly improved surface hardness. Electrochemical assessments demonstrated substantial enhancements in corrosion resistance, including a 2.3-fold improvement for stainless steel and a 13.9-fold improvement for Inconel 625. These findings reveal that post-deposition aluminizing effectively mitigates intrinsic surface defects and microchemical heterogeneity, enabling significantly improved durability in chloride-containing environments. This work provides a straightforward and scalable strategy for enhancing the corrosion resistance of wire-arc-manufactured metallic structures and promotes their application in aggressive service conditions.

This study explores women's experiences of a novel prehabilitation intervention, integrating early vaginal dilator therapy before and during pelvic radiotherapy. This qualitative study included sixteen women scheduled for pelvic radiotherapy. All participants received a pre-treatment intervention with individualized information and support to start vaginal dilator therapy prior to radiotherapy. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with all sixteen women before or during treatment. Of these, ten also participated in follow-up interviews after radiotherapy. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Four themes were constructed reflecting women's experiences of the new prehabilitation intervention: (1) Regaining control while facing the unknown, (2) Navigating identity, (3) Conceptualizing vaginal and sexual health, and (4) Building trust. Women found that vaginal dilator therapy during prehabilitation enabled a sense of control and readiness for upcoming sexual and vaginal health concerns. The early support was perceived as timely, acceptable, and empowering, regardless of women's initial motivation to engage. None of the women preferred to only receive the information after treatment, reflecting the value of proactive care. Integrating vaginal dilator therapy into prehabilitation may enhance preparedness, promote self-care, and reduce distress during pelvic radiotherapy. Further research is needed to confirm benefits and tailor support to individual needs.

Purpose Problems associated with ageing populations are common in most countries worldwide. Also, the dominant idea of ageing-in-place contributes to stagnant mobility between different housing sizes, thereby possibly affecting the efficiency of housing allocation. The purpose of the study is to critically explore the idea of ageing-in-place from the perspective of the residents, and it explores factors affecting the active moving intention of older adults, defined as 65 and older, as well as the preferred features of a new home among those with a present intention to move. This study also investigates factors that could affect moving intention among older adults without a present intention to move. Design/methodology/approach Based on a survey conducted among 1,002 Swedish older adults (65+) in multifamily rental housing, a binary logistic regression separates individuals who express an active intention to move, as measured by an index of indicators, from those with no present intention to move. Findings Not surprisingly the lack of an elevator is found to be the strongest predictor of intention to move among older adults. Also, respondents who perceive themselves as less wealthy are more inclined to want to move, which could be expected as a way to reduce costs. This study also shows that those less educated, older and less satisfied with life have no active intention to move. For this group, the possibility of moving assistance and cleaning out was perceived important for possibly rethinking this. The interpretation is that moving is demanding task later in life and that the dominant idea of ageing-in-place might have been misguided by factors affecting the perceived ability to move among older adults. Originality/value The results contribute to a better understanding on the moving intentions of older adults and their own perceptions on factors affecting housing decisions. This paper questions the idea of ageing-in-place and discusses its effects for a well-functioning housing market and make suggestions for policymakers.

IntroductionSpeech and language disorders are common developmental concerns. Identifying language issues in bilingual children presents a significant challenge. In this study, we examined how bilingualism, gender and age predicted the timing and types of diagnoses in a large clinical sample of children referred to speech and language therapy (SLT) services in a Swedish healthcare setting.MethodsA retrospective analysis of medical record data was undertaken involving 1025 children under the age of 7 referred to public speech and language clinics. Data on age, gender, bilingualism and speech and language diagnoses were analysed.ResultsBilingual children and boys were diagnosed at a younger age compared with monolingual children and girls. Speech and language diagnoses were associated with bilingualism and age. Bilingual children were more likely to have mixed receptive-expressive language disorders and developmental disorders of speech and language unspecified, and less likely to have specific speech articulation disorder and expressive language disorder, compared with monolingual Swedish-speaking children.ConclusionsThe timing and type of speech and language diagnoses were associated with sex, bilingualism and age. These observations may stem from the resources, tools and guidance available to professionals assessing bilingual children. Professionals should be cautious of these potential biases and take suitable measures to address them. Further studies in other geographical settings are warranted.