University of Haripur

This study investigates heat transportation in slip flow of a non-Newtonian fluid with thermal stratification over a stretched surface, a configuration that closely represents many industrial and engineering processes. The inclusion of slip effects and non-Newtonian rheology provides a more realistic description of flows encountered in polymer extrusion, coating technologies, micro- and nano-scale devices, and biomedical systems. Thermal stratification is incorporated to model non-uniform temperature environments commonly observed in heat exchangers, cooling of electronic components, and energy systems. The governing partial differential equations for momentum, energy, and nanoparticle concentration are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity transformations. The resulting boundary value problem is solved numerically to analyze the impact of key parameters such as the slip coefficient, thermal stratification parameter, Sutterby fluid parameter, and Brownian motion on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. Results indicate that thermal stratification significantly reduces the temperature distribution within the boundary layer, while velocity slip at the surface diminishes the skin friction coefficient. The non-Newtonian characteristics of the Sutterby fluid substantially influence the heat transfer rate, with shear-thinning fluids demonstrating enhanced thermal performance compared to shear-thickening fluids. This analysis provides valuable insights for thermal engineering applications involving non-Newtonian nanofluids in stratified environments.

The paper examined how the flipped teaching method can be used to develop the conceptual knowledge among secondary school students studying the chemical industry. The objective of the research was to understand whether a flipped classroom method could be an effective way of enhancing the conceptual learning of students as opposed to conventional lecture-based teaching. Quasi-experimental research design was adopted in which a pre-test-post-test control group design was used. The research was carried out among high school learners taking chemistry. Two intact groups were then taken with one being the experimental group taught by use of flipped instruction and the other group being treated as the control group taught in a traditional way. Experimental group students watched instructional videos before class; in-class time focused on collaboration, problem-solving, and concept clarification. A tested conceptual understanding test was applied in the form of pre-test and post-test in order to gather the data. A statistical test was made on the differences between the groups in terms of appropriate inferential statistics. The findings indicated a statistically significant difference in the conceptual knowing of students exposed to flipped teaching and those taught using the traditional way of teaching. Flipped classroom increased student engagement, promoted active learning, and enhanced understanding of complex chemical industry concepts effectively. The results indicate that the technique of flipped instruction could be also effective as a pedagogical method to teach the complicated topics in chemistry. Digital tools and interactive lessons boost students' conceptual understanding and make science learning more meaningful.

ABSTRACT This study investigates whether technology‐driven channels contribute to poverty (Pov) reduction in Asia. Specifically, it examines the effects of technology spillovers through Greenfield foreign direct investment (Gfi), technological innovation (Tec), and digitalization (Dig) on Pov levels in 32 Asian countries over the period 2001–2023. Using balanced panel data from international sources, the study applies Random Effects (RE) and System Generalized Method of Moments (Sys‐GMM) estimators to control for country‐specific heterogeneity and potential endogeneity. The empirical findings reveal that Gfi, Tec, and Dig significantly reduce Pov, while unemployment exerts an adverse effect. The results suggest that technology‐related spillovers alleviate Pov primarily by enhancing productivity, efficiency, and labor market opportunities. This study contributes to the literature by providing new regional evidence on the poverty‐reducing role of technology spillovers and digitalization in Asia, offering policy‐relevant insights aligned with the United Nations' 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 1 (No Poverty).

The study's primary focus is on women from lower income families, particularly those employed as housekeepers, nursing aides and cleaners in colleges, universities and schools. It also focuses on the difficulties they experience in their daily lives. In order to effectively work with women from this demographic group, a participatory design methodology is utilized, to examine different facets of co-designing including how specific tasks create specific types of results. Appropriate activities are also selected in order to create a favorable environment for the women to interact with the designers. The ultimate aim is to develop co-design solutions that improve the women's quality of life by minimizing their challenges. In addition, the paper identifies the importance of using co-design which not only strengthens the collaborative process but also creates compelling stories that provide enhanced benefit to the women. The concepts to be research are evaluated through a systematic literature review.

This article discusses how power dynamics, national interests and security concerns determine the Palestine-Israel conflict, through the two sides’ actions. The study draws on principles of realist thought, including the sovereign voice of the state, the balance of power and self help in evaluating historical and contemporary motivating forces for the conflict. This examines the link between Israel’s efforts for territorial security and Palestinian pursuit of statehood as being predicated on opposite national interests. The article makes use of secondary sources and uses a qualitative analysis to show the importance of military strength, alliances and regional instability. The pragmatic lens of realist perspective helps explain the persistent deadlock because both parties care extremely about survival and self interest and not willing to cooperate. In the end, the article makes the argument that any lasting peace in the region cannot be addressed without resolving these core realist concerns.