University of International Relations

With the continuous evolution of the network environment and attack patterns, existing deep learning-based traffic monitoring systems face challenges in terms of adaptability and computational resource requirements. To address these issues, this paper proposes an innovative traffic detection system, DeepFlow-BiViTGAN, which combines Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and Vision Transformer (ViT) architectures with an improved loss function to enhance detection accuracy and system robustness. Experimental results indicate that DeepFlow-BiViTGAN achieves state-of-the-art detection performance on multiple public datasets when trained with approximately 3% to 5% of the total dataset. Its lightweight design enables efficient operation on resource-constrained IoT devices, offering excellent adaptability and scalability. This research provides new insights into the application of deep learning in traffic monitoring, particularly in IoT scenarios with limited data, and demonstrates significant advantages.

ABSTRACT This article examines how U.S. foreign aid and diplomacy shaped authoritarian durability and human rights violations in Egypt under Hosni Mubarak (1981–2011). Drawing on interest convergence theory (Regilme 2021), the analysis demonstrates that U.S. assistance functioned less as a vehicle for democratization than as strategic support embedded in a stability-first bargain that privileged regional order, counterterrorism, regime survival, and the Egypt–Israel peace over human rights protection. Using process tracing, the article analyzes U.S. aid data, official statements, and human rights reports to identify four mechanisms: strategic localization of donor discourses by regime elites, resource mobilization into coercive and patronage capacity, selective repression of opposition and civil society, and a culture of impunity that insulated abuses from accountability. The findings show how material transfers and legitimizing narratives reinforced one another, expanding coercive governance while rendering rights politically expendable. The article contributes to debates on foreign aid, authoritarian resilience, and Middle East politics by specifying when and how external support entrenches repression.

The Zangezur corridor possesses socio-economic, geopolitical and geostrategic characteristics connecting Central Asia, the Caspian region, Azerbaijan and Armenia with Turkey. This suggests that the corridor, which will expand the transport-logistics network between Azerbaijan, Turkey, Russia and Armenia, will positively impact regional trade and play an important role in establishing economic cooperation in the South Caucasus. The Zangezur corridor is redrawing the economic and transport map of the South Caucasus. This project significantly increases Azerbaijan's geo-economic weight and influence capabilities in the region. By ensuring access to international markets for previously closed and economically isolated territories, regional economic dynamism is revitalized. Thus, Azerbaijan becomes an important logistics center at the intersection of East-West and North-South routes.

In the contemporary international system, technological capability has emerged as a critical determinant of national power. Among advanced technologies, semiconductors occupy a central position due to their essential role in economic productivity, military modernization, and digital infrastructure. Consequently, semiconductor production and supply chains have shifted from being primilarly commercial concerns to becoming strategic key aspects within global politics. This transformation is mostly evident in the intensifying technological rivalry between the United states and China. The United States and China perceive technological leadership as fundamental to maintaining or enhancing their positions within the international system. The United States seeks to preserve its dominance in advanced technologies and restrict competitors access to critical inputs, particularly high-end semiconductor. China, in contrast aims to reduce technological dependency on external suppliers and achieve self-reliance through state-led industrial strategies. This rivalry has elevated semiconductors to the forefront of geopolitical competition, where export controls, industrial policy, and strategic alliances play a decisive role. Within this global context, Taiwan occupies a uniquely strategic position. As home too the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). Taiwan dominates advanced chip manufacturing and serves as a critical node in global supply chains. This dominance has increased Taiwan's geopolitical significance while simultaneously intensifying external pressures, particularly from China, which views reliance on Taiwanese chips as a strategic vulnerability. Taiwan's internal political dynamics are closely linked to external pressures arising from U.S. China competition. The semiconductor industry is increasingly framed by policymakers as a strategic national asset, shaping both domestic priorities and foreign policy choices. While Taiwan's technological centrality provides strategic leverage, often described as a "silicon shield" it also deepens the island's exposure to great power rivalry. Consequently, Taiwan's security and political trajectory are shaped by the interaction between global technological competition and domestic decision making. Received: 31 January 2026 / Accepted: 18 February 2026 / Published: March 2026

Abstract This study aims to uncover what kind of farmers engaged in the organic agriculture to comprehend the “empirical heterogeneity of forms of organic forms of production” which may vary across different social context and trajectories (Nikol & Jansen, 2021). By employing case study approach, we focused on the organic vegetable farming initiatives emerged within rice farming communities in South Lampung regency, Indonesia. Data collection was conducted through observations, socio-economic surveys, focus group discussions, and interviews with the pioneer of the organic initiatives and organic farmers in Candipuro subdistrict. Our research indicates the importance of understanding organic farming practices in relation to the livelihood, gendered division of labour, and agrarian structure. Pioneer organic farmers supported by NGO networks and government programs are contribute to the development of organic farming. However, the implementation of the programs are shaped by specific-empirical conditions of farmers communities, regarding to their agrarian structure and history. While the introduction of organic farming in Candipuro has involved women farmers across landholding categories, the development of organic farming as an alternative to “conventional agriculture” in rural areas, predominantly inhabited by marginal farmers ( petani gurem ) who depend on household labour, necessitates an examination of conditions such as pluriactivity, the ratio of land size-labour, and gendered labour.

Metaverse as-a-Service (MaaS) enables <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Meta</i>verse tenants to execute their <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">APP</i>lications (MetaAPP) by allocating Metaverse resources in the form of Metaverse service functions (MSF). Usually, each MSF is deployed in a virtual machine (VM) for better resiliency and security. However, these MSFs along with VMs and virtual machine monitors (VMM) running them will encounter software aging after prolonged continuous operation. Then, there is a decrease in MetaAPP dependability, namely, the dependability of the MSF chain (MSFC), consisting of MSFs allocated to MetaAPP. This paper aims to investigate the impact of both software aging and rejuvenation techniques on MetaAPP dependability in the scenarios, where both active components (MSF, VM and VMM) and their backup components are subject to software aging. We develop a hierarchical model to capture behaviors of aging, failure, and recovery by applying Semi-Markov process and reliability block diagram. Numerical analysis and simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate the approximation accuracy of the proposed model and dependability metrics. We then identify the key parameters for improving the MetaAPP/MSFC dependability through sensitivity analysis. The investigation is also made about the influence of various parameters on MetaAPP/MSFC dependability.