University of Jazeera

This presentation will overview our recent work on the nanostructuring of van der Waals (vdW) materials using a universal femtosecond laser ablation and fragmentation approach. Our method enables the transformation of more than 50 vdW materials—including transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), MXenes, perovskites, and Janus structures—into stable colloidal nanoparticles while preserving their crystalline order. The resulting nanostructures display diverse morphologies (spheres, cubes, tetrahedrons, pyramids) and exceptional colloidal stability without surface ligands. We will highlight how this versatile strategy opens new pathways for applications in plasmonics, catalysis, sensing, and energy conversion, as well as in biomedicine, where vdW nanostructures show strong promise for photothermal therapy, photoacoustic imaging, and drug delivery.

Modern optoelectronic devices demand materials that can perform multiple, often conflicting functions, such as acting as metals for interconnects, dielectrics for waveguides, and semiconductors for light emission and detection. The integration of these materials is challenging, slowing industry progress and increasing costs. It inspired an intensive search for an optoelectronic response within a single material. Here, we reveal that palladium diselenide (PdSe2) provides an answer to this quest owing to its band structure. It exhibits a semimetallic band structure with a large bandgap for interband transitions responsible for semiconductor-metallic nature. This duality enables PdSe2 to function as both a photodetector and a waveguide, integrating two traditionally incompatible responses. As a result, our findings provide a full picture of PdSe2 optoelectronic properties, paving the way for its use in multifunctional optoelectronic applications.

Topological singularities of optical response functions - such as reflection amplitudes - enable elegant practical applications ranging from analog signal processing to novel molecular sensing approaches. A phase singularity-based refractometric sensor monitors the rapidly evolving argument of the optical field near the point of phase singularity, in contrast to the reflection zero in traditional surface plasmon polariton sensors. This raises a natural question: What happens with the sensitivity and resolution of such a sensor when it operates close to a zero of the response function, where the detected signal may be greatly influenced by various noise sources? In this paper, we systematically study the effect of the shot noise on the performance of a generic phase singularity-based refractometric sensor. We develop a theoretical model of a spectroscopic ellipsometry-based system operating near a phase singularity and couple the macroscopic optical picture of the detection with a quantum shot noise model. Within the developed model, we illustrate how the shot noise of the detector comes into play and study its effect on the sensitivity and resolution of the refractometric sensor. Our results suggest that such an ellipsometry-based phase singularity sensor remains stable even in the presence of shot noise near the point of zero reflection.

O presente relatório remete ao desdobramento e análise das intervenções realizadas ao longo do desenvolvimento do projeto de extensão universitária intitulado “Febre Maculosa: Conhecer para Prevenir”. Com foco em educação em saúde, interações realizadas com crianças e adolescentes de escolas estaduais e municipais do município de Divinópolis – MG oportunizaram aprofundar o debate acerca de aspectos gerais da Febre Maculosa, um problema crônico regional, com ganhos refletidos nos impactos a formação dos acadêmicos envolvidos, assim como pela transformação social almejada junto aos escolares participantes.

Rapid economic and cultural transition in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been accompanied by new challenges to public health; most notably a rapid rise in chronic disease. Breastfeeding is known to improve health outcomes in adulthood, is associated with reduced risk of developing chronic disease, and is therefore an important public health issue for this rapidly increasing population. Factors associated with infant feeding practices were examined in a cohort of 125 Emirati women and their infants, with data collected at birth and 3, 6 and 15 months postpartum by questionnaires and interviews. Participants were recruited in the Corniche Hospital, the main maternity hospital in the city of Abu Dhabi. Factors affecting the duration of breastfeeding and the introduction of complementary foods were investigated using univariate and multivariate statistics. Recommended infant feeding practices, such as exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life and timely introduction of appropriate complementary foods, were poorly adhered to. Factors implicated in early cessation of breastfeeding included: time to first breastfeed, mother’s education level, employment status and early introduction of complementary foods.

Este trabajo analiza los efectos de los shocks fiscales sobre las tasas de ahorro nacional, utilizando modelos de SVAR, con restricciones contemporaneas, y datos trimestrales de la economia Argentina, que cubren el periodo del primer trimestre de 1993 al cuarto trimestre de 2009. Mientras la teoria de la Equivalencia Ricardiana considera que los desequilibrios presupuestarios del gobierno serian neutrales, otras corrientes sostienen que los deficit publicos no serian plenamente compensados por un incremento en el ahorro privado, afectando por tanto al ahorro nacional. Los resultados de las estimaciones muestran que los shocks en los gastos del gobierno reducen permanentemente las tasas de ahorro nacional, mientras que los shocks en la brecha del producto y en los ingresos tributarios tienen un impacto positivo sobre el ahorro a corto plazo. Asimismo, los shocks en los gastos explicarian en proporcion mayor la variacion de las tasas de ahorro nacional, que las innovaciones en los ingresos tributarios, a corto plazo

O aumento do minero de idosos é acompanhado por necessidades odontológicas cada vez mais complexas e em maior quantidade. A reabilitação com próteses removíveis convencionais nem sempre a capaz de devolver função e estética ao paciente idoso. A descoberta dos princípios da osseointegração permitiu a reabilitação com próteses implanto-suportadas como uma alternativa aos procedimentos reabilitadores convencionais. A idade não a fator limitador para o uso de implantes dentários. Estudos tem demonstrado taxas de sucesso semelhantes na reabilitação com implantes dentários entre indivíduos jovens e idosos. A técnica de implantes dentários foi inicialmente proposta em dois tempos cirúrgicos, separados por uma etapa de cicatrização sem carga. Vários estudos tem demonstrado taxas de sucesso semelhantes entre a carga tardia e quando a prótese é instalada com carga imediata, ou seja, logo após a colocação dos implantes. A carga imediata permite simplificar a técnica, diminuir custos e atender uma necessidade do paciente de forma imediata. Neste artigo é apresentado um caso de reabilitação bucal com implantes através da técnica da carga imediata em um paciente idoso realizado na disciplina de Odontogeriatria da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFRGS.

The geology of much of the moon has been mapped from the earth by means of telescopic photographs and observations.This mapping is based on the premise that the lunar crust is composed of material units that can be defined by physical properties and ranked in order of relative age by application of the principles of stratigraphy.Units are ranked locally by their superposition and transection relations and both locally and regionally by subordinate criteria such as density of superposed craters and degree of topographic freshness.