University of Massachusetts System

The theory of reasoned action (TRA) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) are foundational models extensively employed in social science research to predict individual behaviors. With their increasing popularity in tourism and hospitality studies, the application trends of these theories have likely undergone significant evolution. TRA serves as the foundational model, whereas TPB, as an expanded version with additional factors, warrants greater focus. This chapter aims to summarize TPB’s application in tourism and hospitality research, in terms of extending the theory, identifying ultimate behavioral variables, analyzing research perspectives and levels of application, and highlighting emerging trends. A thorough review of 343 studies published from 2020 to 2024 provides a detailed discussion of the model’s applications and prospective directions.

The rapid advancement of digital technologies has significantly influenced the hospitality and tourism industries, necessitating a deeper understanding of technology adoption. This chapter examines key adoption models, including the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), Diffusion of Innovations (DOI), Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE), Value Adoption Model (VAM), Comprehensive Theory of Use and Adoption of Technology (CTUAT), and Technology Readiness and Acceptance Model (TRAM). These models offer distinct perspectives, ranging from individual user perceptions to organizational and environmental influences. This chapter explores their applications in AI-driven services, smart tourism, and emerging technologies, such as blockchain and augmented reality. Additionally, factors influencing adoption, including economic, cultural, and regulatory considerations, are discussed. Future research should focus on integrating complementary models, addressing regional adoption differences, and evaluating the role of policy and organizational readiness in fostering sustainable digital transformation in the hospitality sector.

While urban parents possess a foundational awareness of adolescent depression and anxiety, a significant gap between their conceptual knowledge and practical communication skills creates confusion and inconsistent support. The research aims to assess the level of parents' knowledge about adolescent mental health disorders, identify the extent of their confusion regarding sudden behavioral changes, and evaluate the supportive practices they employ to help their children cope. Based on a survey of 320 parents in Dhaka, the study found a moderate-to-high level of conceptual knowledge (M = 3.66) but significant gaps in practical help-seeking and communication confidence. Parents reported moderate levels of confusion (M = 3.42), particularly in distinguishing normal adolescent development from clinical distress. While overall support was moderate (M = 3.58), a meaningful minority of parents admitted to maladaptive responses, such as shouting, criticizing, or avoiding emotional discussions. The findings suggest a "practice-action discrepancy" where conceptual awareness does not translate into effective support. There is an urgent need for parenting counselors to shift focus from general awareness to applied skills training, including emotional first aid, role-playing for difficult conversations, and providing clear pathways for professional mental health resources.

Shear zone systems exposed in the crystalline rocks of Colorado record Proterozoic deformation episodes documenting strain partitioning, reactivation, and the progressive tectonic evolution of SW Laurentia. These structures, and their equivalents throughout the American southwest, provide insight into the structural evolution of the North American craton, and inform tectonic models for an active, but challenging to decipher period in Earth's history. NE-SW trending mylonitic bands record regional fold formation and establishment of sub-vertical D 1 /D 2 shear zones occurred during the successive ca. 1720 to 1600 Ma Yavapai and Mazatzal orogenies, and D 3 /D 4 reactivation of these structures during the ∼1450 to 1300 Ma Picuris Orogeny. The shallowly-dipping Slide Lake Shear Zone (SLSZ), in Colorado's Sawatch Range, is adjacent to the steeply dipping Homestake Shear Zone (HSZ), allowing for comparison between high and low angle faulting in mid-crustal positions associated with the long-lived Laurentin orogenic margin throughout the Proterozoic. Both structures record similar deformational conditions and bulk NW-SE verging kinematics. Newly obtained in- situ electron microprobe monazite U-Th-Pb geochronology and trace element geochemistry constrain the timing and nature of SLSZ activity, allowing direct comparison to established HSZ activity. Core domains in a steeply dipping segment of the SLSZ record mineral growth during the Yavapai Orogeny (D 1 ) at ca. 1700 ± 14 Ma, and support continued SLSZ activation during the Mazatzal Orogeny (D 2 ). Low-angle segments preserve deformation associated with the Mesoproterozoic Picuris Orogeny (D 3 /D 4 ) at ca. 1450 to 1300 Ma. The age progression of the SLSZ parallels the structural evolution of the HSZ, indicating that sub-horizontal, transtensional, D 3 /D 4 slip on the SLSZ was coeval with sub-vertical, transpressional, D 3 /D 4 slip on the HSZ. Cumulatively, the existing structural and newly established temporal history of the HSZ-SLSZ system are interpreted to indicate that oblique extensional and compressional strain were competing in the middle crust within the Laurentian interior during the Picuris Orogeny, lending credence to models of plateau-style crustal thickening and collapse during this event.

Finding suitable anode materials for rechargeable Ca ion batteries (CIB) is a significant challenge, as calcium metal anode suffers from passivation and struggles to effectively plate and strip. Replacing Ca metal with an alternative alloy-type anode that can operate reversibly in conventional electrolytes offers a promising pathway to achieving viable CIB performance. This study utilizes Synchrotron transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) to capture and understand formation and reversibility of Ca-Sn phases, particularly noting the transformation of Sn into calciated states upon deep discharge.

Presentation: A 78-year-old female with hypertension and chronic kidney disease was discharged from an outside hospital after a diagnostic and therapeutic pericardiocentesis with cytology indicating B-cell lymphoma. Prior to outpatient follow up, she presented with worsening dyspnea. She was hemodynamically stable. Hs troponin T was 949 ng/L and pro-BTNP 12,015 pg/mL. EKG - sinus rhythm with 1 st degree AV block. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) revealed a small pericardial effusion and a large mass that infiltrated the free wall of the right ventricle (RV) (figure 1). RV systolic function was severely reduced with RV free wall strain (RVFWS) -0.4%. Cardiac MRI (CMRI) showed thickening and edema consistent with extensive infiltration from B-cell lymphoma of the RV free wall, RA, basal anteroseptum of the LV, and circumferentially in the atrioventricular groove (figure 1). Quantitative LVEF was 48% with focal hypokinesis of the basal septum. RVEF was 32% with akinesis of most of the RV free wall. Bone marrow biopsy confirmed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. She was initiated on DA-EPOCH-R in the CCU without complication. Serial TTE showed rapid regression of lymphoma after 1 cycle with normalization of RV function RVFWS -22.3%. Discussion: Primary cardiac lymphoma is rare, but secondary cardiac lymphoma occurs in ~25% of disseminated cases. B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas are the most common subtype that metastasize to the heart 1 . Clinical manifestations depend on tumor location, size, and extent of myocardial/pericardial invasion 2 . Patients report dyspnea (64%), chest pain (24%), and constitutional symptoms 1 . Arrhythmias and heart block can occur with conduction system involvement. RA and RV are the most common sites of cardiac lesions, often with extension to adjacent pericardium and involvement of multiple chambers 1 . TTE and CMRI may show wall thickening, endocardial/epicardial involvement, invasion of coronary vasculature, and effusions 2 . In our patient, extensive infiltration of the RV free wall resulted in heart failure. TTE with RV strain identified RV dysfunction secondary to tumor infiltration and subsequent rapid improvement following initiation of chemotherapy. CMRI was useful to fully characterize the location and extent of cardiac infiltration. 1. Jeudy J et al. Cardiac Lymphoma. Radiol Clin North Am. 2016 Jul;54(4):689-710. 2. Bonelli A et al. Cardiac lymphoma with early response to chemotherapy. J Nucl Cardiol. 2022 Dec;29(6):3044-3056. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Caregiving for cardiac patients is often accompanied by significant emotional and physical strain. While prior research has emphasized the contribution of support to mitigate caregivers’ burden, limited attention has been paid to the support they may receive from the patients themselves. Attachment theory provides a crucial lens for understanding individual differences in how this specific kind of partner’s support is perceived and utilized. Drawing on dyadic coping models and attachment theory, this study examines how support dynamics within the couple influence caregivers’ burden, and whether these effects depend on caregivers’ attachment orientations. Specifically, the study investigates whether caregivers’ attachment anxiety and avoidance moderate the associations between (a) patient-reported support provided to the caregiver (b) caregiver perceived received support from the patient, and (c) levels of caregiver burden during cardiac rehabilitation. Eighty-eight heterosexual couples, in which the male partner had experienced a recent cardiac event, were assessed at the beginning and end of a three-month rehabilitation program. Measures included self-reported support (provided and received), attachment orientations, and multidimensional caregivers’ burden. Overall support was not directly associated with reduced general burden. Caregivers high in avoidant attachment reported lower emotional burden when they perceived receiving greater support from their ill partner. No such effect was found among caregivers low in avoidance or those high in anxious attachment. These findings highlight the importance of considering both interpersonal and intrapersonal factors in understanding caregiver burden. Recognizing and addressing attachment-related patterns in caregiving dyads could inform targeted interventions aimed at reducing emotional distress and enhancing resilience in couples coping with cardiac illness.

Flowering plants attract pollinators via traits such as floral scent and morphology, which are often influenced by other interactions like herbivory. However, the effects of herbivory on floral traits may not be consistent across traits, resulting in changed relationships between multimodal traits that could alter pollinator perception. We investigated how herbivory affects floral scent and morphology, and alters correlations between signaling traits. In a natural community, we simulated herbivory seven days before flowering on eight Asclepias syriaca (common milkweed) plants by removing half of their foliar tissue and applying a jasmonic acid solution; eight additional plants received a control spray with solvent only and no damage. After treatments, we collected floral volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions (i.e., scent) and measured five floral morphological traits on all plants. We found that simulated herbivory significantly altered VOC composition. Additionally, herbivory increased flower diameter and hood width while decreasing hood height, but had no effect on inflorescence size, measured as flower number or dry mass. Notably, we found that simulated herbivory led to significantly stronger correlations in floral traits, including both flower morphology-VOC correlations and VOC-VOC correlations. This study demonstrates that herbivory induces changes in floral morphological traits and VOC emissions and increases correlations between floral traits. These findings highlight how herbivory can interfere with the floral traits that plants use to signal their pollination partners.