University of Mysore

In this work , the compound (4-Formyl N,N-dimethyl anilinium picrate (FDAP) was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The crystal structure was elucidated using single crystal X-ray diffraction method. From the 3D molecular structure it is inferred that the crystal packing is stabilized by several intra and intermolecular, Cg…Cg interactions their nature, strength and percentage contribution are corroborated by the Hirshfeld surface analysis, while the 2D fingerprint plots provided a visual representation of the intermolecular interactions via the surface area corresponding to each type of interaction. The N–H···O and C–H···O types of strong intra and intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions resulted in the formation of S(5) self-motifs and R 2 1 (6) supramolecular ring motif. The structural and electronic properties of the compound FDAP using density functional theory (DFT). The optimized geometry, total energy, HOMO-LUMO gap and vibrational spectra were calculated at the B3LYP/6–311 +G(d,p) level of theory. The calculated results showed that the molecule has a stable geometry with a trans-conformation. The HOMO-LUMO gap of 3.8178 eV indicates that the molecule has moderate stability. In order to aid in the development of better vaccines and treatments, more in-silico research, including molecular docking, was conducted against the structure of the human collapsin response mediator protein-1, a lung cancer suppressor protein. Intriguingly, which shed light on possible inhibitors and new therapeutic candidates due to the high concentration of non-covalent interactions.

Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of different organic substrates on oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms in the earthworm Perionyx excavatus, with particular emphasis on biochemical responses, antioxidant enzyme activities, oxidative damage biomarkers, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance under vermicomposting conditions. Methodology: A controlled laboratory experiment was conducted over a 28-day exposure period to assess oxidative and biochemical responses of P. excavatus under 04 substrate treatments: garden soil (control), cow dung + sugarcane bagasse (1:1), horse dung + sugarcane bagasse (1:1), and a mixed substrate of cow dung + horse dung + sugarcane bagasse (1:1:1). Biochemical parameters such as total protein content and antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was analyzed. Detoxification enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were also quantified. Oxidative damage was assessed through lipid peroxidation (MDA) and DNA damage using comet assay. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 5) and analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test (p < 0.05). Results: Organic substrates significantly modulated biochemical and oxidative responses in P. excavatus. Treated groups exhibited elevated protein content and antioxidant enzyme activities compared to the control. The mixed substrate showed the highest SOD, CAT, GPx, GST activities and GSH levels, indicating enhanced antioxidant defense. Conversely, the horse dung + bagasse treatment exhibited increased lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, reflecting higher oxidative stress. Conclusion: Substrate composition strongly influences oxidative physiology in P. excavatus. Mixed substrates enhance antioxidant defenses and reduce oxidative damage, supporting efficient vermicomposting. The species also serves as a reliable bioindicator of substrate quality and oxidative stress.

The development of stable and high-yielding fodder pearl millet genotypes with improved quality traits is crucial for enhancing livestock productivity under diverse environments. In this study, twenty-six elite genotypes, including brown midrib (bmr) lines and two check cultivars, were evaluated across four locations, which fall broadly under two agro-climatic zones of India, during the summer season of 2024 to assess their stability for yield and fodder quality traits. Significant genotypic differences and genotype × environment interactions (GEIs) were observed for all traits, indicating substantial genetic variability and environmental influence on trait expression. Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) and Weighted Average of Absolute Scores (WAAS) analyses identified IGPM 100 as a high-yielding and stable genotype across environments, whereas Baif Bajra 1 and IGBV 97 exhibited specific adaptation. Among quality traits, ICMbmr 2401, ICMbmr 2402, and ICMbmr 2404 recorded consistently low lignin content, confirming their potential for improving forage digestibility. Further, ICFPM 05 recorded high tillering and longer leaves, while ICMFV 2308 exhibited late flowering across locations, indicating their potential for use in developing leafy, late-flowering genotypes. The multi-trait stability index (MTSI) efficiently identified IGPM 100, ICFPM 02, ICMbmr 2404, and IGBV 9 as superior and stable genotypes across multiple traits. High selection differentials for green fodder yield and negative differentials for lignin and fibre fractions highlight the possibility of a simultaneous improvement in yield and quality traits. Overall, the integration of AMMI, WAAS, and MTSI models facilitated the identification of broadly adapted and trait-specific genotypes, which, after evaluating their combining ability, can be used for developing fodder pearl millet composites and hybrids.

Bombyx mori, the domesticated silkworm, is one of the most economically significant and scientifically tractable insects. Since the publication of its draft genome sequence in 2004 and the subsequent production of a refined, consortium-level assembly in 2008, silkworm genomics has undergone a transformative evolution encompassing whole-genome resequencing, functional genomics, epigenomics, small RNA biology, and comparative and population genomics. These advances have not only illuminated the molecular mechanisms underlying silk production, development, immunity, and domestication, but have also catalysed a wide range of applications spanning biotechnology and biomedicine. This review synthesises current knowledge on silkworm genomics, tracing the progression from early sequencing initiatives to state-of-the-art genome editing strategies including the CRISPR/Cas9 system. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify peer-reviewed publications relevant to silkworm genomics and its applications. The primary databases consulted were Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The primary date range for inclusion was 2006 to 2026, with an exception for foundational studies published before 2006, which were included when they represented seminal contributions to the field. Special attention is given to the genomic architecture of silk protein genes, the regulatory roles of non-coding RNAs, epigenetic landscapes, and comparative genomics with related Lepidoptera. The biotechnological utility of the silkworm is explored in the context of silk-based biomaterials for tissue engineering, silk as a drug delivery scaffold, the production of chimeric spider silk fibres in transgenic silkworms, and the silkworm as an in vivo model for infectious disease research. The review further addresses the improvement of sericulture through molecular breeding, marker-assisted selection, and precision genome editing, as well as the genomic basis of innate immunity and disease resistance. Future directions in multi-omics integration, single-cell transcriptomics, synthetic biology, and pangenomics are discussed. Together, these developments affirm the central importance of silkworm genomics at the interface of fundamental biology and applied innovation.

In this paper, we evaluate Fine type integrals of level 30. For an example, [Formula: see text] In the process, we discover certain new Eisenstein series identities of level 30.

Background: Carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum produces predictable sympathetic and neurohumoral activation; this combination with an increased systemic vascular resistance and increased arterial pressure complicates anesthetic management during laparoscopy. α2-agonists reduce central sympathetic outflow and may improve perioperative circulatory stability. There is good evidence for intravenous clonidine but few comparative data against intrathecal clonidine (as a sole neuraxial adjunct under general anesthesia). Methods: In a prospective randomized comparative trial at Apollo BGS Hospital, Mysore (June 2017–May 2018), 60 ASA I–II adults (35–60 years) scheduled for elective laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy under general endotracheal anesthesia were randomized to the administration of intravenous clonidine 50 µg in 50 mL normal saline over 10 minutes, 10 minutes ahead of induction (Group IV; n=30), or intrathecal clonidine 50 µg at L3–L4 immediately before induction (Group IT; n=30). Heart rate (HR) and blood pressures were obtained under a blind observer at baseline (T0), post-intubation (T1), pre-pneumoperitoneum (T2), 5/15/30 minutes post pneumoperitoneum (T3/T4/T5), and 5 minutes post CO₂ release (T6). Ramsay Sedation Score (RSS) was administered in PACU for the evaluation of postoperative sedation. Results: The baseline population and ASA distribution were similar. During pneumoperitoneum, Group IT had significantly reduced HR at T3–T6 (e.g., T4: 79.2±10.2 vs 87.5±10.9 bpm; p=0.004) and lower SBP/DBP/MAP from T2–T6 (all p≤0.011 at crucial intraoperative points). RSS distribution did not differ between groups (p=0.590). Hypertension episodes were fewer in Group IT (1 vs 6), while hypotension was more frequent (4 vs 1); no post-dural puncture headache occurred in Group IT Conclusion: In this LAVH cohort, intrathecal clonidine 50 µg resulted in enhanced attenuation of pneumoperitoneum-related tachycardia and pressor responses relative to intravenous clonidine 50 µg, without increasing early postoperative sedation. The trade-off was increased hypotension, demonstrating that a careful dose and readiness for vasopressors are warranted.

Meditation is a complex cognitive practice associated with significant neurophysiological changes, particularly in long-term practitioners. These individuals represent an ideal human model for investigating neural changes associated to their consistent, frequent, and sustained cognitive engagement. However, in Western societies, long-term practitioners are relatively rare compared to Eastern monastic communities. In this study, we leverage a collaboration with a unique monastic population, the Monks and Geshes of the Tibetan University of Sera Jey in India, to examine the long-term effects of meditation on resting-state effective brain connectivity. Specifically, we hypothesize that different levels of meditation experience modulate intrinsic connections in two resting-state brain networks: the default mode network (DMN) and the salience network (SN). To test this, we apply dynamic causal modeling for EEG to analyze effective connectivity and validate our hypothesis. Our results reveal that long-term meditation practice can alter connectivity within the DMN and SN, with distinct patterns of modulation based on meditator experience. Experienced meditators appear to exhibit enhanced self-referential processing in the DMN and reduced reactivity in the SN, supporting the notion that meditation refines attentional control and internal awareness. These findings provide new insights into the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying long-term meditation and highlight the role of monastic practitioners as an invaluable model for studying experience-related modifications in the human brain.

The silkworm Bombyx mori L. is a lepidopteran insect used as laboratory tool for various experiments. Being a domesticated insect, it has been reared mainly for the production of silk. The successful production of the silk not only governed by dynamic environmental factors but also affected by quality of mulberry leaf provided to silkworm. Hence, dietary nutrients are the most important factor which determine quality and quantity of silk production. An experiment was carried out to know the impact of mulberry leaf foliar spray with zinc oxide nanoparticle at varied concentrations viz., 1% ,1.5%, and 2% on protein contents as well as commercial parameters in the FC1XFC2 silkworm hybrid. The larvae reared on zinc oxide at 1.5% concentration registered higher protein contents in the haemolymph, fat body and silk gland over absolute and distilled water control. However, protein contents were relatively higher in the fat body when compared to haemolymph in all the treatments. Explicitly state that the 1.5% treatment yielded the best economic parameters such as larval weight, cocoon weight, shell weight, pupal weight, shell ratio, filament length, filament weight, denier, renditta and raw silk percentage.