University of Piura

Ventricular septal defect is a common congenital heart defect. While surgical repair has been the standard, transcatheter and perventricular closures have emerged as minimally invasive alternatives. We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar up to February 2026. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated with GRADE. We conducted pairwise random-effects meta-analyses for direct comparisons, followed by a frequentist random-effects network meta-analysis to indirectly compare transcatheter and perventricular closure. Seven randomized controlled trials involving 2,126 participants were included. Studies were conducted in China, Egypt, or Russia. No deaths were reported. Transcatheter and perventricular closures may reduce blood transfusion needs compared to surgical repair, but the evidence is very uncertain. Perventricular closure may reduce hospital stay and operative time but may increase tricuspid regurgitation risk, compared to surgical repair. No significant differences were observed in indirect comparisons of transcatheter and perventricular approaches. Certainty of the evidence was low to very low. Current evidence suggests that transcatheter and perventricular approaches may be associated with a lower need for blood transfusion compared with surgical repair, while perventricular closure may also reduce length of hospital stay but may increase tricuspid regurgitation. However, the evidence is uncertain, precluding firm conclusions and highlighting the need for well-designed, adequately powered randomized controlled trials. CRD42024595282

The widespread use of Instagram has provided young people with an ideal platform to display vanity to maintain or reconstruct their self-image and be exposed to the display of vanity by friends and influencers. However, Instagram's relationship with young people's vanity has rarely been investigated. This study explores how Instagram use intensity is associated with higher vanity among young people aged 18 to 28 years, including the moderating effects of narcissism and histrionic personality. In total, 310 university students participated in this survey-based research project. Instagram use intensity was associated with increased physical vanity (view and concern), but not with achievement vanity. Higher Instagram involvement was associated with a greater increase in vanity in non-narcissists (vulnerable or grandiose) and non-histrionic young individuals. On the contrary, Instagram's association with vanity was minimal, or even decremental, in young people with high levels of narcissism and histrionic personality. Cultivation theory and social comparison theory provide the framework to interpret these findings.

Este artículo busca entender qué hay realmente detrás del valor CIF que paga Estados Unidos por la uva fresca peruana, especialmente porque es un producto muy delicado y sensible al tiempo. Para eso, se revisaron estudios publicados entre 2018 y 2025 que analizan temas como el transporte marítimo, los problemas logísticos, la cadena de frío, la calidad postcosecha y la coordinación entre los actores de la cadena exportadora. Lo que se encontró es que el valor CIF no es solo un dato técnico o un costo fijo, sino el resultado de muchas decisiones y factores que se combinan: desde los riesgos logísticos y los costos del transporte hasta el uso de tecnología para conservar la fruta y reducir pérdidas. En otras palabras, el valor CIF se forma dentro de una cadena compleja donde participan la economía, la logística, la calidad y las estrategias comerciales. El artículo concluye que para entender bien ese valor hay que mirarlo desde un enfoque integral que una economía del transporte, logística agroalimentaria y gestión de la cadena de suministro. Solo así se puede avanzar en nuevas investigaciones y diseñar estrategias que ayuden a que la uva peruana siga siendo competitiva en Estados Unidos.

El comercio internacional de productos agrícolas perecibles se caracteriza por una elevada sensibilidad a los costos logísticos, a la dinámica competitiva y al comportamiento de la demanda en los mercados de destino. En este contexto, el presente estudio analiza los factores que inciden en la formación del valor CIF de las importaciones estadounidenses de uva fresca procedentes del Perú durante el período 2003–2021. La investigación adopta un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño no experimental, de nivel correlacional, tipo aplicado, multivariable y longitudinal, utilizando información secundaria proveniente de fuentes oficiales del comercio internacional. Mediante la aplicación de análisis de correlación de Spearman y modelos econométricos multivariables, se evalúa la influencia de variables asociadas a la demanda del mercado estadounidense, la competencia internacional y las dinámicas comerciales sobre el precio CIF de importación. Los resultados evidencian que el valor CIF está determinado principalmente por factores de mercado, destacando la cantidad importada de uva peruana, el precio promedio de los principales países competidores y las exportaciones estadounidenses, mientras que variables como la producción local y las reexportaciones no presentan incidencia estadísticamente significativa. La discusión confirma que el mercado estadounidense de uva fresca opera bajo una lógica de transmisión internacional de precios y competencia interdependiente, en la que los exportadores ajustan sus valores CIF en función del entorno competitivo global más que de condiciones productivas internas del país importador. En conjunto, los hallazgos ponen de relieve que la competitividad de la uva fresca peruana depende fundamentalmente de su capacidad para gestionar costos logísticos, responder a la dinámica de precios internacionales y sostener estrategias de inserción en mercados de alta demanda y elevada competencia.

El comercio agroalimentario internacional incorpora, además de la oferta y la demanda, una estructura de costos logísticos que incide en el valor CIF de las importaciones, especialmente en productos perecibles como la uva fresca. Este estudio analiza los factores que determinan el precio CIF de las importaciones estadounidenses de uva fresca procedente del Perú durante el periodo 2003–2021. Se adoptó un enfoque cuantitativo con diseño no experimental y análisis econométrico multivariable, utilizando la totalidad de la población de importaciones anuales (sin muestreo), construida a partir de fuentes oficiales como ITC Trade Map, UN COMTRADE, SIICEX, FAOSTAT, MINCETUR, SUNAT, ADEX y PROMPERÚ. La variable dependiente fue el precio CIF unitario (US$/TM) y las variables explicativas incluyeron población de Estados Unidos, PBI per cápita, volumen importado desde Perú, precio promedio de competidores, producción local, exportaciones y reexportaciones. Los resultados, apoyados en correlaciones y pruebas no paramétricas (Spearman), muestran que el precio CIF se asocia principalmente con factores de demanda del mercado estadounidense y con condiciones competitivas internacionales: el ingreso per cápita y la población presentan relación positiva significativa, el volumen importado exhibe relación inversa, y el precio de competidores se vincula fuertemente al CIF peruano, evidenciando competencia interdependiente. En contraste, la producción local y las reexportaciones no resultan estadísticamente significativas. Se concluye que el precio CIF de la uva peruana está explicado principalmente por la demanda del país importador y por el entorno competitivo global, lo que exige estrategias de diferenciación, monitoreo de precios internacionales y gestión logística para sostener la competitividad.

Ultrasound technology has gained increasing attention in the food sector as an effective tool to enhance product quality and process efficiency. In osmotic dehydration (OD), ultrasound acts as a pretreatment that accelerates mass transfer by inducing cavitation and microstructural changes in plant tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ultrasound pretreatment on mass transfer during the osmotic dehydration of mamey (Mammea americana), a tropical fruit with limited prior research in this context. Fruit samples were exposed to ultrasound frequencies of 28, 37, and 80 kHz for 20 and 30 minutes, followed by osmotic dehydration in 50 °Brix sucrose syrup at 35 ± 1 °C for 120 minutes. Statistical analysis (ANOVA, p < 0.05) showed that both frequency and the frequency–time interaction significantly affected water loss (WL) and weight reduction (WR), while pretreatment time alone was not significant. Treatments at 37 kHz (T2: 20 min and T5: 30 min) achieved the highest mass transfer values, with WR = 31.87%, WL = 40.19%, and solid gain (SG) = 6.08%. In contrast, samples treated at 80 kHz showed reduced dehydration efficiency. These findings demonstrate that applying ultrasound at 37 kHz for 20 minutes optimizes the osmotic dehydration of mamey by enhancing mass transfer efficiency. The results contribute to the understanding of ultrasound-assisted OD processes and support its application as a sustainable process intensification strategy for tropical fruit preservation.

IntroductionLateral positioning improves pulmonary mechanics and lung volumes, but its effects in healthy adults remain unclear due to individual variability.ObjectiveTo analyze the acute effects of lateral body positioning on regional lung ventilation and lung volumes in healthy adults.MethodsThis within-subject study included two protocols: supine and left-lateral position (unilateral) with repeated measures and supine, left, and right-lateral positions (bilateral). All positions were performed at 30° for 5 minutes on an automated rotation bed. Electrical Impedance Tomography measured regional lung ventilation (%) and end-expiratory lung volumes (EELV) across four lung regions: (anterior right [AR] and left [AL]; posterior right [PR], and left [PL]). Linear mixed models assessed the influence of body position and individual variability on regional ventilation and lung volumes, while the Restricted Maximum Likelihood method compared between right- and left-lateral positioning.ResultsIn the unilateral protocol (n = 29; 58.6% male; 22.8 ± 4.0 years), left-lateral positioning decreased regional ventilation in nondependent regions (AR: −0.96%, PR: −1.63%) and increased it in dependent regions (PL: 1.17%, AL: 1.42%) versus supine (p < 0.001). EELV increased in PL (+ 0.7 mL/kg PBW), PR (+2.0), and AR (+2.8), but decreased in AL (−2.3) (p < 0.001). In the bilateral protocol (n = 10, 70% male; 23.6 ± 3.2 years), regional ventilation showed no significant effects of position, ROI, or interaction (p > 0.05). However, EELV varied significantly with body position (p < 0.001), with no isolated ROI effect (p = 1.000).ConclusionsLateral positioning improves regional ventilation in dependent lung regions and increases EELV in nondependent and posterior dependent lung regions, regardless of side.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov [NCT06044896]

Ageing bridge stocks and rising traffic loads in Latin America and worldwide demand cost-effective maintenance strategies. Building Information Modelling (BIM) and its convergence with digital-twin, IoT and AI techniques have shown promise, yet their adoption for bridge upkeep remains fragmentary. This review aimed to (i) synthesise current scientific evidence on BIM-based bridge maintenance, (ii) classify methodologies and tools through a domain taxonomy, and (iii) identify research gaps that hinder large-scale implementation. A PRISMA-guided systematic literature review was conducted in Scopus and Web of Science (search cut-off = 1 February 2024). Inclusion criteria targeted peer-reviewed, open-access studies (2020–2024) that applied BIM to the maintenance of existing bridges. Twenty-five articles met the criteria and were appraised with Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT 2018). Seven dominant research themes were identified, with damage visualization (7 studies) and 3-D geometric modelling (6) being the most frequent, followed by information exchange/management (4). Specifically, LiDAR and photogrammetry enabled sub-centimetre models; Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithms reached mean average precision up to 0.91 for crack detection. Digital-twin workflows reduced operating costs while requiring higher upfront investment. A seven-domain taxonomy and a cost–technology comparison table is proposed. Key barriers reported include IFC 4.3 interoperability, high LiDAR costs ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="m1"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> 10% of annual budgets), limited visual-programming skills, and cybersecurity concerns in cloud-IoT integrations. BIM supports preventive, data-driven bridge maintenance and has been linked to lower operating costs in several studies; mainstream adoption requires IFC 4.3 based interoperability, targeted training, and open-standard workflows. Future research should focus on standardised performance metrics, edge-AI monitoring and blockchain-secured data exchange.

El presente artículo analiza la estructura de los denominados delitos de infracción de un deber y de los delitos especiales de deber. En concreto, busca comprender el fundamento del deber que conforma su estructura. Con esta finalidad, esta investigación se centra en los distintos conceptos del deber positivo que, según se comprende, se hallan detrás de la fundamentación de un delito como de infracción de un deber o como especial de deber. Con ello, se busca evidenciar la importancia de la fundamentación de un deber como positivo; pues, como veremos, de esto depende la asunción de una forma especial de atribución de responsabilidad penal en ciertos delitos económicos, como el delito de administración desleal o fraudulenta.