University of Prishtina

In wrestling, in addition to technical and tactical training, success largely depends on physical prepardness. The subject of this paper is morphological composition and success in specific wrestling tests. The aim of the paper is to examine the direct influence of the level of prepardness on success and the indirect influence on morphological composition in wrestlers. Success is defined by the total number of throws in both the shorter Specific Wrestling Fitness Test (SWFT) and the longer and more physically demanding Specific Wrestling Performance Test (SWPT). Morphological composition is defined by the percentage values of body fat (PBFM) and muscle mass (PSMM). The sample consists of 26 wrestlers, divided into two groups, in 4 different ways, from the aspect of prepardness. In this regard, preparedness was defined by the movement of lactate values from the 3rd to the 5th minute, in subjects whose lactates increased (La3-5min.↑) and decreased (La3-5min.↓), by the percentage of pulse rate recovery to the 1st (∆HR1min ≤9.99% and ≥5.99%) and 5th (∆HR5min ≤39.99% and ≥40%) minute, and the number of throws in the tests (≤25 and ≥26 on the SWFT; ≤34 and ≥35 on the SWPT). The applied t test determined the absence of a statistically significant difference between the defined groups of lactate value movements as a function of the number of throws on both the SWFT (p = 0.867) and the SWPT (p = 0.131). It was also found that there were no statistically significant differences in PBFM (p = 0.769) and PSMM (p = 0.601) on the SWFT, while the longer SWPT, with its demands, showed a significant difference in PBFM (p = 0.031) and PSMM (p = 0.018) in favor of the faster metabolic recovery. Further analysis of the difference revealed no statistically significant difference between the groups with different levels of pulse rate recovery both up to the 1st and 5th minute, regardless of the variables and the test (p = 0.067 – 0.918). The defined groups of success on the tests as a function of the level of preparedness are statistically significantly different by the nature of the data distribution regardless of the test (p = 0.000), while from the morphological aspect they also showed significant differences in the PBFM both on the SWFT (p = 0.001) and on the SWPT (p = 0.000), and in the PSMM but only on the more demanding test (SWPT, p = 0.044). In wrestling, in addition to technical and tactical training, success largely depends on physical prepardness. The subject of this paper is morphological composition and success in specific wrestling tests. The aim of the paper is to examine the direct influence of the level of prepardness on success and the indirect influence on morphological composition in wrestlers. Success is defined by the total number of throws in both the shorter Specific Wrestling Fitness Test (SWFT) and the longer and more physically demanding Specific Wrestling Performance Test (SWPT). Morphological composition is defined by the percentage values of body fat (PBFM) and muscle mass (PSMM). The sample consists of 26 wrestlers, divided into two groups, in 4 different ways, from the aspect of prepardness. In this regard, preparedness was defined by the movement of lactate values from the 3rd to the 5th minute, in subjects whose lactates increased (La3-5min.↑) and decreased (La3-5min.↓), by the percentage of pulse rate recovery to the 1st (∆HR1min ≤9.99% and ≥5.99%) and 5th (∆HR5min ≤39.99% and ≥40%) minute, and the number of throws in the tests (≤25 and ≥26 on the SWFT; ≤34 and ≥35 on the SWPT). The applied t test determined the absence of a statistically significant difference between the defined groups of lactate value movements as a function of the number of throws on both the SWFT (p = 0.867) and the SWPT (p = 0.131). It was also found that there were no statistically significant differences in PBFM (p = 0.769) and PSMM (p = 0.601) on the SWFT, while the longer SWPT, with its demands, showed a significant difference in PBFM (p = 0.031) and PSMM (p = 0.018) in favor of the faster metabolic recovery. Further analysis of the difference revealed no statistically significant difference between the groups with different levels of pulse rate recovery both up to the 1st and 5th minute, regardless of the variables and the test (p = 0.067 – 0.918). The defined groups of success on the tests as a function of the level of preparedness are statistically significantly different by the nature of the data distribution regardless of the test (p = 0.000), while from the morphological aspect they also showed significant differences in the PBFM both on the SWFT (p = 0.001) and on the SWPT (p = 0.000), and in the PSMM but only on the more demanding test (SWPT, p = 0.044).

The rapid development of digital technologies has significantly transformed contemporary marketing practices, placing artificial intelligence (AI) at the centre of strategic decision-making and customer engagement. This study aims to systematically review recent academic literature on the role of artificial intelligence in contemporary digital marketing strategies, with particular emphasis on personalisation, predictive analytics, marketing automation, and ethical implications. By synthesising empirical and theoretical evidence, the review seeks to provide an integrated understanding of how AI reshapes marketing processes and organisational performance. A systematic literature review methodology was employed, following established review protocols to ensure transparency and methodological rigour. Relevant studies published between 2022 and 2026 were identified through structured searches of the major academic database, Google Scholar. After applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, sixteen peer-reviewed articles were selected for qualitative content analysis and thematic synthesis. Both quantitative and qualitative research designs were considered, encompassing survey-based studies, machine learning applications, case analyses, and systematic reviews. The findings indicate that artificial intelligence significantly enhances digital marketing effectiveness by improving customer segmentation, personalisation, forecasting accuracy, and resource optimisation. Machine learning techniques, particularly clustering and ensemble learning, enable more precise targeting and campaign optimisation, while AI-powered automation supports real-time decision-making and customer interaction. However, the review also identifies persistent challenges related to data quality, model transparency, system integration, and ethical concerns, particularly regarding privacy and algorithmic bias. Overall, the study highlights that while artificial intelligence offers substantial strategic advantages, its long-term value depends on responsible implementation, organisational readiness, and effective governance structures. The review contributes to existing literature by consolidating current evidence and identifying research gaps, particularly in qualitative inquiry and cross-cultural analysis. These findings provide practical and theoretical insights for researchers and practitioners seeking to leverage AI for sustainable and competitive digital marketing.

Functional seafoods derived from marine organisms, including fish, shellfish and algae, are gaining increasing attention due to their high content of bioactive compounds, such as omega-3 fatty acids, peptides, polysaccharides and antioxidants, which provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. These marine-derived compounds exhibit a wide range of biological activities and have been investigated for their potential roles in the prevention and management of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, cancer and gastrointestinal disorders. Their effects are largely mediated through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory mechanisms. Advances in biotechnology, including genetic engineering and improved extraction of bioactive compounds, have enhanced the nutritional quality and pharmacological relevance of functional seafoods. At the same time, sustainable aquaculture practices are being developed to reduce environmental impacts. Nevertheless, challenges such as regulatory inconsistencies, scalability issues and limited understanding of bioavailability and long-term effects still persist. These constraints should be considered when interpreting mechanistic and efficacy findings presented across different study designs and exposure conditions. Future perspectives highlight innovations in precision aquaculture, waste valorisation and traceability as key strategies to improve sustainability and strengthen consumer trust. This review summarizes current knowledge on functional seafoods, with emphasis on pharmacological mechanisms, clinical applications and the need for interdisciplinary research to optimize their health benefits and commercial potential.

In this research paper, efforts have been made to highlight the trend of the frequent use of English words instead of Albanian words on the official websites of the highest state institutions in Kosovo, Albania, and North Macedonia. With regard to Kosovo and Albania, two websites of the highest institutions have been picked for analysis: the Office of the Prime Minister and the Presidency – while as for North Macedonia, only the website of the Office of Prime Minister has been picked, being aware of the fact that there has also been an Albanian Prime Minister. None of the Anglicisms mentioned in this research paper have been noticed on the website of the Presidency of North Macedonia. Nine words in total, considered as Anglicisms, have been selected for the research analysis. It has been found that all these Anglicisms can be replaced with Albanian words. The globalization trend of using Anglicisms massively comes as a result of European and Western integration processes in these three Balkan countries, two of them (Kosovo and Albania) having an overwhelming Albanian majority, while the Albanian population in North Macedonia comes second. The mere fact that Anglicisms are used instead of Albanian words in the leading state institutions mentioned above shows the globalization courses and approaches of the Albanian language in particular, and of the Balkans society in general, in a transitional period of European and Western integrations. Initially, three research questions were posed, to be followed by combined scientific methods (four of them). This research paper also consists of results analysis and discussions and provides proper general linguistic and communication explanations. KEYWORDS: English words, Albanian words, high institutions, Kosovo, Albania, North Macedonia

This study investigates the effectiveness of applying Sweller’s (1988) cognitive load theory (CLT) principles to improve the learning of derivative concepts among first-year university students. The research employed a quasi-experimental pre-/post-test control group design to evaluate the impact of CLT-based instructional strategies–worked examples, visual scaffolds, and structured problem-solving–on students’ achievement and perceived cognitive load. A total of 60 students were randomly assigned to either an experimental group, receiving CLT-based instruction, or a control group, receiving traditional teaching. Data were collected using achievement tests and the cognitive load scale, assessing intrinsic, extraneous, and germane load components. Quantitative data were analyzed using independent samples t-tests and two-way and mixed-design ANOVA, with effect sizes (Cohen’s d, partial η²) reported to determine the magnitude of observed effects. Results indicated that the CLT-based instruction led to significantly higher achievement scores, reduced extraneous cognitive load, and increased germane processing compared to traditional methods. The findings support the theoretical validity of CLT and its practical applicability for mathematics instruction, suggesting that structured visual and example-based learning can optimize students’ cognitive resources and promote deeper understanding of calculus concepts.

Asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema are widespread chronic allergic disorders in children. Understanding their prevalence and symptoms among school-aged populations is essential for effective public health interventions. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of these conditions among schoolchildren in the Peja Region of West Kosovo and to explore the diverse symptom-based phenotypes. In the 2017/2018 academic year, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in urban schools, utilizing a questionnaire based on the ISAAC protocol. The study involved 1432 children aged 10 to 14. The findings revealed a self-reported asthma prevalence of 5.6%, with 66.3% confirmed by a physician. Allergic rhinitis symptoms were noted in 14.1% of participants, with a confirmation rate of 53.5%, while eczema was reported by 5.7%, with a 35.8% confirmation rate. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema in the Peja Region. It highlights a low prevalence of asthma and eczema but a higher occurrence of allergic rhinitis, emphasizing the need for tailored public health strategies to address these varied allergic conditions.

Background/Objectives: Cervical cancer is a prominent source of morbidity and mortality among women, particularly in low- and middle-income nations. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), a glycoprotein involved in cancer-related activities, has been proposed as a biomarker; however, its involvement in cervical cancer remains unknown. The study aim is to evaluate the prognostic significance of serum NGAL levels in cervical cancer patients in relation to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, operability, and HPV subtype distribution before and after treatment. Methods: The study involved 130 women, 100 with histologically proven cervical cancer and 30 healthy controls. The serum NGAL levels were determined before and after treatment using an ELISA test. HPV genotyping was carried out using real-time PCR on 21 high- and low-risk subtypes. Results: NGAL levels increased marginally during therapy (from 134 to 144 ng/mL; p = 0.28), but the rise was significant in inoperable patients (p = 0.02) and increased with advanced FIGO stage, although this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.07). HPV 16 was the most common subtype (26.0%), while women aged 51-60 had the highest overall HPV positive rate (72.7%). There was no significant association between NGAL levels and HPV subtypes (p = 0.17). Conclusion: NGAL does not appear to be an accurate short-term indicator of therapy response. However, increased levels in advanced-stage and inoperable instances indicate prognostic significance. NGAL most likely represents tumor-associated inflammation rather than HPV subtype. These findings support its possible inclusion in future biomarker panels, subject to validation in bigger investigations. Persistent HPV infection in midlife women highlights the significance of ongoing screening.