University of Raparin

ئامانجی سەرەكی ئەم توێژینەوەیە بریتییە لە دەرخستنی پەیوەندی نێوان ڕەهەندەكانی زیرەكی سۆزداری بە كواڵێتی ژیان لای خوێندكارانی زانكۆ، هاوكات پێوانەكردنی ئاستی ڕەهەندەكانی زیرەكی سۆزدار و كواڵێتی ژیان و زانینیی كاریگەری گۆڕاوە دیمۆگڕافییەكانە لەسەر ئەنجامەكانی توێژینەوەكە. بۆگەیشتن بەو ئەنجامانەش توێژەران سوودیان لە میتۆدی وەسفی – پەیوەستی بەڕێگەی ڕوپێوی كۆمەڵایەتی بە نموونە وەرگرتووە. بۆ ئەو مەبەستەش توێژەران فؤڕمێكی ڕاپرسیان ئامادەكردووە، بەجۆرێك پێوەری "زیرەكی سۆزداری" لە پێنج ڕەهەند پێكهاتوو، كە كۆی گشتی برتییە لە (24) بڕگە و كواڵێتی ژیانیش لە (18) بڕگە پێكهاتووە. دوای ئەنجامدانی تەواوی تایبەتمەندیە سایكۆمەترییەكان و دڵنیابوونی لە ڕاستێتی و جێگری هەردوو پێوەرەكە، بەشێوەیەكی هەڕەمەكی چینایەتی ناڕێژەی بەسەر (420) خوێندكاری لە زانكۆكانی "سەڵاحەددین ، سلێمانی، ڕاپەڕین" بە شێوەی ئۆنلاین دابەشكراوە. بە جۆرێك (239) خوێندكار ڕەگەزی مێ و (181) خوێندكاریش ڕەگەزی نێر. بۆ شیكردنەوە داتا بە دەستهاتووەكانیش توێژەران سوودیان لە پرۆگرامی هەكبەی ئاماری (SPSS) وەرگرتووە. گرنگترین ئەو ئەنجامانەی ئەم توێژینەوەیە پێی گەیشتووە، برتییە لە : بەشێوەیەكی گشتی ڕەهەندەكانی " كارامەیی كۆمەڵایەتی، خودئاگایی" لای خوێندكارانی زانكۆ لە ئاستێكی بەرزدایە، هەروەها ڕەهەندەكانی " خۆهاندان، هاوسۆزی، بەڕێوەبردنی خود" و زیرەكی سۆزداری بە گشتی لە ئاستێكی مامناوەند دایە، هاوكات كواڵێتی ژیان لە ئاستێكی بەرزدایە لای نموونەی توێژینەوەكە. هەروەها دەركەوتووە جیاوازیەكی بەڵگەداری ئاماری بە پێی گۆڕاوی ڕەگەز بوونی هەیە. بەجۆرێك دەركەوتووە ڕەگەزی مێ لە " خودئاگایی، هاوسۆزی، بەڕێوەبەردنی خود، خۆهاندان، زیرەكی سۆزداری بەگشتی ، كواڵێتی ژیان " بەبەراورد بە ڕەگەزی نێر ئاستی بەرزترە، بەڵام رەگەزی نێر لە " كارامەیی كۆمەڵایەتی" ئاستی بەرزترە بە بەراورد بە ڕەگەزی مێ. هاوكات دەركەوتووە ئەو خوێندكارانەی ئاستی ئابووری خێزانیان خراپە ئەوا ئاستی كواڵێتی ژیانیان نزمترە بە بەراورد بەو خوێندكارانەی ئاستی ئابووری خێزانەكانیان" باش یان مامناوەندە". لە كۆتایشدا دەركەوتووە پەیوەندیەكی ڕاستەوانەی سەرو مامناوەند لە نێوان تەواوی ڕەهەندەكانی زیرەكی سۆزداری و كواڵێتی ژیاندا بوونی هەیە. لەم پەوەندیەش دەركەوتووە " كارامەیی كۆمەڵایەتی و خودئاگایی و خۆهاندان" كاریگەری گرنگ و ڕاستەخۆی لەسەر كواڵێتی ژیان هەیە. بەڵام سەبارەت بە " بەڕێوەبردنی خود و هاوسۆزی" ئەم كاریگەریە بوونی نییە.

This review focuses specifically on metal salt–doped PNCs, analyzing how dopant type and concentration influence key parameters such as electronic conductivity, optical bandgap, refractive index, and dielectric permittivity. Reported findings consistently show that higher dopant concentrations narrow the optical bandgap, thereby facilitating electronic transitions, while also enhancing the refractive index through increased polarization of the polymer chains. Electrical measurements reveal that DC conductivity rises with temperature in a thermally activated manner, attributed to phonon-assisted hopping of charge carriers within low-dimensional transport pathways. Dielectric studies indicate that the dielectric constant (ε_r) decreases with increasing frequency, stabilizes at high frequencies, and increases with temperature. Conducting polymers such as polyaniline (PANI) exemplify these structure–property relationships, underscoring the suitability of doped PNCs for sensors, energy storage, microbial detection, displays, and photovoltaic devices. By consolidating and comparing these results, the review provides a framework for understanding how metal salt doping governs the interplay between optical and electrical characteristics in polymer nanocomposites, thereby guiding the rational design of advanced functional materials.

Concepts are fundamental to nursing theory, practice, and research, serving as abstract constructs that represent key aspects of human experience. However, the reporting of concept analysis in nursing lacks standardised guidelines, leading to inconsistencies in methodological transparency and rigour. Existing frameworks for qualitative and mixed-methods research do not adequately address the unique aspects of concept analysis. This study aims to develop a comprehensive reporting guideline for concept analysis in nursing research, guided by the EQUATOR Network toolkit. The first stage of guideline development involves a systematic review of MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO to identify key components of concept analysis reporting in nursing. The review will focus on studies utilising concept analysis within the nursing metaparadigms: person, environment, health, and nursing, while adhering to PRISMA guidelines to ensure methodological rigour. The systematic review synthesised existing literature to establish a foundational framework of essential elements for reporting concept analysis in nursing. Findings from this review will inform a subsequent Delphi study and structured guideline development process. The resulting standardised reporting framework will enhance methodological consistency, transparency, and reproducibility in concept analysis, thereby contributing to the advancement of nursing theory, research, and practice.

Introduction: Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, and rehabilitation strategies remain essential to optimize recovery. Electrical stimulation has been increasingly used alongside with exercise to enhance motor function and functional independence. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of combining electrical stimulation with range of motion (ROM) exercises on health-related outcomes among stroke patients compared with ROM exercises alone. Methods: A total of 100 stroke patients were recruited and randomly assigned into two equal groups: one received electrical stimulation combined with ROM exercises, while the other performed ROM exercises only. Functional outcomes were assessed across upper and lower limb joint movements, balance, swallowing, facial control, and cognitive orientation at three time points. Results: The combined therapy group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in motor recovery, joint mobility, postural balance, and functional independence compared to the ROM-only group. Additionally, faster recovery was observed in swallowing function, facial symmetry, and memory orientation among patients receiving combined therapy. Conclusion: Electrical stimulation combined with ROM exercises provides superior benefits over ROM exercises alone in stroke rehabilitation. These findings support its integration into physiotherapy practice to enhance neuroplasticity, accelerate functional recovery, and promote independence in daily life. Further large-scale and long-term studies are recommended to confirm these outcomes.

In this work we use historical market data from Bitget to predict weekly open prices of Ethereum (ETH) for a 96-week period with the Prophet forecast model trained by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Because of this, the research delves into automated hyperparameter tuning for Prophet in order to improve forecast performance on cryptocurrency markets where volatility, structural breaks and irregular trading patterns pose a significant challenge to time series prediction. The PSO algorithm is a good method to explore the high dimensional parameter space in which it can strike between the global analysis and local exploitation for detecting minimal forecast errors. Based on evaluating model performance for which we used accuracy metrics such as Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) in training, test holdout & full-fit situations. PSO-optimized Prophet: The results show a great in-sample fitting and fast convergence behaviour, as the best CV RMSE is slightly higher than the lowest one should have obtained if used only 10 iterations. Although forecasts exhibit stability and track long-term trends well, the model does not predict short-term fluctuations in the holdout set with high accuracy (wider forecast uncertainty intervals). Our results shed light on the utility of PSO to improve Prophet-based price prediction in cryptocurrencies, reinforce the relevance of uncertainty quantification in asset markets and inform risk-aware decisions of financial agents dealing with unstable assets.

(1) Background: Megaloblastic anemia is described as a reduction in red blood cell (RBC) count. Caused by deficits in vital cofactors of folate and vitamin B12 for the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The heterodimeric inhibitory cytokine interleukin-35 (IL-35) serves as a biomarker of immune-mediated involvement in anemia. This study was designed to investigate IL-35 levels in patients with megaloblastic anemia and to examine their correlation with hematological parameters. (2) Methods: A total of 180 participants (80 megaloblastic anemia patients and 100 healthy participants), aged between 18 and 65 years, were enrolled. For all participants, clinical laboratory testing, including complete blood count (CBC), peripheral blood smear, serum vitamin B12, folate levels, and IL-35 analysis, was performed. (3) Results: There was a significant difference in the development of megaloblastic anemia with age. Patients showed an elevated mean of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) value (93.43), indicating macrocytosis. Elliptocyte, hypersegmented neutrophils, anisopoikilocyte, and dacrocyte were shown in a blood smear. Vitamin B12 levels were significantly lower in patients compared to the control group (p < 0.0001), and folate levels showed no significant difference (p = 0.914). All patients had a lower level of IL-35, despite no association with any particular hematological parameter. (4) Conclusions: The primary cause of megaloblastic anemia is vitamin B12 deficiency, which leads to macrocytosis and presents abnormal cells in the blood smear. The IL-35 low levels are detectable for inflammation that is present in the bone marrow microenvironment and used as a biomarker in this type of anemia.

ABSTRACT C‐glycosides are attractive scaffolds with remarkable hydrolytic stability and therapeutic potential, yet their stereoselective synthesis remains challenging. Here, we report a palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling strategy for the efficient synthesis of α‐C‐glycosides and (6 S )‐substituted‐3,6‐dihydro‐2 H ‐pyran‐3‐ol derivatives from 3,4‐O‐carbonate L‐arabinal and diverse potassium aryltrifluoroborates. The reactions proceed under mild conditions at room temperature, delivering products in excellent isolated yields (79%–92%) with high stereochemical integrity, as confirmed by 1 H/ 1 3 C NMR, HRMS, and optical rotation analyses. The method tolerates a wide range of electron‐donating, electron‐withdrawing, and heteroaryl substituents, providing a structurally diverse library of aryl‐substituted pyran derivatives. In silico ADMET profiling using SwissADME, BOILED‐Egg, and ProTox‐II indicated favorable pharmacokinetic properties, including predicted human intestinal absorption, low toxicity, and, in several cases, blood–brain barrier penetration. Molecular docking studies against Mitogen‐activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14/p38α) revealed strong binding affinities for compounds 8 , 13 , 14 , and 15 , supported by key hydrogen‐bond and π–π stacking interactions comparable to the reference inhibitor SR‐318. MMGBSA calculations confirmed stable binding free energies, indicating enhanced target engagement. These findings highlight the potential of (6 S )‐aryl‐substituted pyran‐3‐ol derivatives as promising scaffolds for the design and development of novel anti‐inflammatory or anticancer agents and demonstrate the power of integrating synthetic chemistry with computational prediction for drug discovery.