University of Sannio

The accelerating global demand for clean energy has placed hydrogen as a pivotal vector for achieving carbon neutrality. However, over 95% of current hydrogen is still derived from fossil-based routes such as steam methane reforming (SMR), which remains energy-intensive and carbon-emitting. Chemical looping technology (CLT) has emerged as an innovative low-carbon pathway capable of inherently separating CO2 during hydrogen generation. This review systematically examines recent advances in methane-based CLT, emphasizing oxygen carrier (OC) design, process efficiency, and environmental implications. Across different CLT configurations, the technology shows excellent performance, with CH4 conversion above 95% and H2 purity reaching 99.9%. It also achieves 10–15% higher thermal efficiency than conventional SMR with carbon capture. Among key variants, CLPO produces syngas with a H2/CO ratio of ∼2, CLSR yields 90–95 vol % pure H2, and CLCHP achieves >97% CO2 capture with >90% OC regeneration sustained over 100 cycles. Meanwhile, CLMC enables theoretical 100% CH4 conversion at 1000 °C without CO2 emissions and produces valuable solid carbon. Environmentally, Fe2O3-based OCs outperform Ni- or Co-based counterparts due to low toxicity, thermal stability (750–950 °C), and a reduction in lifecycle emissions to 3009 g CO2-eq/kg H2. The review identifies research priorities for scalable deployment, including the development of durable OCs, system integration with waste heat or biomass, and reactor optimization capable of reducing capital costs by up to 37%.

This dataset contains georeferenced, timestamped environmental measurements of CO₂ concentration and air temperature collected by a fleet of mobile sensing platforms operating in the urban area of Benevento, Italy. The data were acquired using low-power, vehicle-mounted sensor nodes designed to capture fine-grained spatio-temporal variability across the city. Each sensing unit integrates a Sensirion SCD41 nondispersive infrared CO₂ sensor, connected to an embedded computing board responsible for local preprocessing, GPS acquisition, timestamp synchronization, and data transmission.Measurements were performed using three vehicles equipped with the same sensing hardware. The sensing fleet traversed the urban environment along diverse, randomly selected roads. All vehicles generated continuous timestamped and georeferenced (latitude, longitude, altitude) streams of CO₂, temperature, humidity, and speed measurements.The dataset includes raw sensor readings, spatial coordinates, temporal metadata, and vehicle identifiers, enabling multi-vehicle trajectory reconstruction and environment-driven analyses.This dataset is intended to support research on urban mobile sensing, spatio-temporal analysis, environmental monitoring, and vehicular sensor networks. Potential reuse includes benchmarking interpolation algorithms, validating mobile sensing strategies, and studying mobility-aware environmental sampling. The dataset may also be used to investigate sensor behavior in real-world dynamic conditions or to develop methods for robust, resource-aware urban monitoring.

The Taranto Landslide Complex (TLC) is a multi-episode submarine mass-failure system developed along the Apulian continental margin (Gulf of Taranto, northern Ionian Sea) between ~200 and ~900 m water depth. High-resolution multibeam bathymetry and chirp seismostratigraphy were integrated to map five partially overlapping Quaternary mass transport deposits (MTD1–MTD5) and quantify their geometry, conservative volumes, and first-order kinematics. Consistent morphometric parameters indicate mobilities (H/L) and angles of reach typical of continental-slope failures, whereas conservative volumes range between ~0.02–0.35 km3. A depth-averaged sliding-block approach yields bounds on peak velocity and travel time compatible with rapid emplacement. Cross-cutting relationships and post-failure sediment drapes constrain two principal phases of slope instability, expressed as time windows rather than fixed ages. This study develops a framework that integrates uniform morphometric, volumetric, and kinematic features with seismostratigraphy to reconstruct the evolution and relative mobility of multi-episode submarine landslide complexes. The proposed workflow provides a transferable framework for preliminary geohazard assessment on continental margins where repeated slope failure interacts with tectonic and sedimentary forcing.

Pediatric T1D is associated with multimodal neuroimaging alterations influenced by insulin treatment modality. CSII may confer neuroprotective benefits by improving metabolic control and preserving functional connectivity. Right IFG volume is a candidate imaging marker linking metabolic regulation to interference-sensitive executive-working-memory vulnerability.

Background and Objective: Performance evaluation in healthcare is essential to enhance service quality, resilience, and cost-effectiveness. In Italy, despite regulatory reforms such as Legislative Decree 150/2009 and tools like the Interregional Performance Evaluation System (IRPES), many healthcare organizations still struggle to implement integrated performance governance models. This narrative review aims to explore recent advancements in healthcare performance evaluation in Italy, compare them with selected European experiences, and identify key challenges and improvement opportunities. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on literature published from 2014 to 2024, with emphasis on the past 5 years. Eligible articles were empirical studies or systematic reviews, written in English or Italian, addressing performance evaluation of healthcare professionals in Italy and selected European contexts. Studies unrelated to healthcare or published outside the specified timeframe were excluded. Data extraction was conducted qualitatively by thematic synthesis. Key Content and Findings: Out of more than 100 records screened, 30 articles met the inclusion criteria. The findings highlight persistent gaps in the adoption of governance-oriented evaluation models, with Italian Local Health Authorities (ASLs) often relying on administrative rather than strategic performance tools. While IRPES provides extensive benchmarking indicators, integration of long-term outcomes and public value frameworks remains limited. Innovative practices such as 360-degree feedback, competency-based evaluation, and the role of “professional managers” are emerging but unevenly implemented. Comparative insights from European countries underline the relevance of contextual flexibility and decentralised policy design. Conclusions: To modernize healthcare systems, performance management must strike a balance between quality, efficiency, and equity. Investments in training, technological tools, and collaborative governance are vital. Embracing public value principles and outcome-based evaluation can enhance transparency, staff engagement, and health service resilience. Future policies should address regional disparities, standardize evaluation practices, and support cultural change toward merit-based, participatory models.

Sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs), and in particular obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), are of considerable epidemiological importance, which requires physicians to pay special attention to the detection of these often-unrecognized pathologies. In view of the known link between OSA and road accidents, often fatal, legislation has been in force in Europe and Italy for some years regarding the issue and renewal of driving licenses for people at risk of or affected by OSA. In addition, other pathological conditions often associated with OSA, such as excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and residual excessive daytime sleepiness (rEDS), which are treated with new specific drugs, have also received attention. The need for a proper evaluation of people affected by OSA, especially drivers, requires the collaboration of different specialists to optimize the clinical framework and to prevent the direct and indirect health costs associated with a lack of early diagnosis. Moreover, personalized sleep medicine is essential, with innovative technological tools and analysis methods, including artificial intelligence, to allow a better understanding of individual physiopathological mechanisms and to prepare therapeutic strategies tailored to the individual patient. In this narrative review, we focused on the relationship between OSA and road accidents in Italy.