University of Shimane

Introduction: Simulation tasks teams were conducted with each team consisting of a medical doctor, a nurse, an emergency life saving technician, and an ambulance crew certified for rescuer tasks. Methods: The scenarios were competitive using high-fidelity manikins and standardized actor patients on-site and at stations, called Rallye Medicina. Results: The current study aimed to evaluate tasks in a Japanese medical rally in 2019 for effectiveness. Conclusion: Multiple attribute utility technology was used, as the task was intended to achieve multiple goals.

In this paper, we discuss the necessity of investigating corrosion of steel members hidden inside buildings. Firstly, according to some past works, we enumerate exceptional cases, in which corrosion progresses even in steel members hidden inside buildings. Moreover, we present a guideline on the necessity of investigating the hidden steel members with the corrosion progression formula. And finally, calculation examples with the guideline are shown in order to confirm the feasibility.

ERBB2 (HER2) gene mutations are established oncogenic drivers across a wide range of solid tumors. While therapeutic development has primarily focused on alterations within the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD), ERBB2 mutations also occur in non-TKD regions, including the extracellular, transmembrane, juxtamembrane, and C-terminal domains. The clinical efficacy and safety of HER2 antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in tumors harboring non-TKD ERBB2 mutations remain incompletely characterized. We conducted a systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for clinical studies reporting outcomes of HER2 ADC therapy in adult patients with solid tumors harboring non-TKD ERBB2 mutations. Eligible studies included phase II non-randomized trials, observational studies, case series, and case reports. Data were extracted on tumor type, mutation domain, ADC regimen, efficacy outcomes, and safety, with particular attention to interstitial lung disease (ILD)/pneumonitis. Nine studies were included, comprising five phase II non-randomized clinical trials and four case-based studies. Non-TKD ERBB2 mutations were most frequently located in the extracellular domain (56 reported cases), followed by the transmembrane/juxtamembrane domains (26 cases), while C-terminal alterations (15 cases) were less commonly reported. Trastuzumab deruxtecan was the most frequently administered ADC and demonstrated objective tumor responses across multiple tumor types, with the most consistent activity observed in tumors harboring extracellular and transmembrane/juxtamembrane domain mutations. In contrast, evidence supporting efficacy in C-terminal domain mutations was limited and derived mainly from case-based reports. ILD/pneumonitis was reported in a subset of patients, including grade ≥3 events, but no ILD-related fatal events were reported among patients with non-TKD ERBB2 mutations. Current clinical evidence indicates that HER2 ADCs can provide meaningful antitumor activity in selected solid tumors harboring non-TKD ERBB2 mutations, particularly those involving the extracellular and transmembrane/juxtamembrane domains. However, treatment benefit appears heterogeneous across mutation domains and less consistent than that reported for canonical TKD alterations, and interpretation is limited by study heterogeneity and the lack of mutation-domain-stratified outcome reporting. Prospective studies with mutation-domain-stratified designs are warranted to better define the role of HER2 ADCs in non-TKD ERBB2-mutated malignancies and to inform precision treatment strategies.

Studying geometric properties of geodesic spheres of sufficiently small radii in a complex hyperbolic space $\mathbb{C}H^n(c)$ of constant holomorphic sectional curvature $c$ $(< 0)$, we present examples of Riemannian manifolds which are diffeomorphic to Euclidean spheres and are not so called Berger spheres. These manifolds are closely related to the redefinition of Berger spheres given in [9]. We next characterize these manifolds considered as real hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{C}H^n(c)$ from the viewpoint of submanifold geometry.

Malignant lymphoma(ML)occurring in the oral cavity are often difficult to diagnose, as their clinical presentation is non- specific and may resemble that of other malignancies or inflammatory conditions. We report a case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)detected as a result of ill-fitting dentures. The patient was an 80-year-old man. He had a medical history of chronic heart failure(NYHA class Ⅲ, after CABG), COPD, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. In the middle of February 2018, he visited a dental clinic with a chief complaint of ill-fitting dentures and was subsequently referred to our department for further examination and treatment. At the initial examination, the patient exhibited bilateral facial asymmetry and swelling extending from the right cheek to the right submandibular region, with palpable induration. These findings strongly suggested that the patient had a malignant tumor, and we clinically diagnosed him as having ML(Ann Arbor staging, Stage Ⅳ)based on various imaging studies. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of DLBCL. In consultation with the hematology department, the patient began treatment with R-CEOP therapy(administered at 50% dose due to severe cardiac dysfunction): rituximab 375 mg/m2, etoposide 50 mg/m2, vincristine 1.4 mg/m2, and cyclophosphamide 750 mg/ m2), and the patient underwent 6 courses of this therapy. However, the tumor continued to increase in size, and radical treatment was deemed difficult. In late August 2019, the patient developed ventricular tachycardia, followed by ventricular fibrillation, and subsequently died from cardiopulmonary arrest. Although oral ML are rare, it is critical for oral surgeons to promptly recognize suspicious clinical signs and initiate appropriate diagnostic procedures, including imaging and biopsy, to ensure early diagnosis and treatment.

In this study, we employ the non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) method combined with density functional theory (DFT) to compare electron transport through several layers of nanoscale graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). Calculations were performed for one to six layers, corresponding to thicknesses of 0.5–3.0 nm, respectively. Electron transport was computed perpendicular to the layers in the stacking direction. We compared the decay of the current with the number of layers and evaluated the ability of h-BN to filter currents as a material coating. To investigate the effect of disorder, we included two major defects in the graphene lattice, namely, nitrogen doping and Stone–Wales defects. Nitrogen doping transforms graphene from a zero-bandgap semiconductor to a metal, while Stone–Wales defects open the bandgap. For h-BN, we considered Stone–Wales defects. A detailed comparison of electron transport through five materials, that is, multilayer nanoscale graphene, N-doped multilayer nanoscale graphene, Stone–Wales-defective multilayer nanoscale graphene, h-BN, and Stone–Wales-defective h-BN allowed us to understand the currents at the nanoscale and the chemical and structural control over the electron transport. The slopes of the current decay with thickness enabled us to extrapolate trends for electron transport in thicker multilayer carbon and h-BN materials.

Tunable monochromatic magneto-transmission is one of the most established magneto-optical techniques, particularly well suited for pulsed magnetic fields. It employs fixed-wavelength monochromatic light as the probe, while the magnetic field is swept to bring the sample into resonance with the photon energy. The key component of this setup is a tunable laser system, typically consisting of a Ti:sapphire laser coupled with an optical parametric oscillator. However, such laser systems are often bulky, expensive, and inherently unstable, which significantly limits their widespread application in magneto-optical laboratories. In this work, we develop a high-accuracy, cost-effective, and compact tunable monochromatic magneto-transmission system based on a combination of a laser-driven white light source and a mini monochromator and demonstrate its feasibility and performance in a millisecond range pulsed magnetic field condition. To verify the accuracy of this new and simplified setup, we performed Faraday rotation measurements on the geometrically frustrated spin system CdCr2O4 and magneto-transmission experiments on the Shastry-Sutherland lattice antiferromagnet SrCu2(BO3)2. These results show excellent agreement with previous reports, confirming the reliability and precision of the new setup.