University of Siegen

Clinical learning environments (CLEs) are critical components of nursing education, as they influence skill acquisition, professional identity development, and learning outcomes. The aim was to systematically map the evidence regarding (1) factors of CLE that affect learning outcomes in higher nursing education, (2) the barriers and facilitators to implementing favourable CLEs, and (3) the outcomes, outcome measurement instruments, and possible effects of the CLE. A scoping review was conducted, including evidence published between 2001 and 2024, using seven databases via EBSCOhost (CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, APA PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo, and Teacher Reference Centre). The reference lists of all included articles were searched manually. Data were independently extracted using a predefined table and synthesized by thematic analysis. One hundred studies were included: 80 descriptive studies, 11 intervention studies and nine reviews. Four overarching factors were identified, influencing the CLE of nursing students: (1) physical learning environment, (2) guidance and education, (3) cooperation between university and hospital, and (4) interprofessional relationships. We identified outcomes in 16 different areas, most often measured by unstandardized instruments. Barriers and facilitators were categorized into four categories: 1) university-clinical cooperation, (2) placement design, (3) roles and responsibilities, and (4) educational mentorship concepts. The findings indicate that many studies were conducted addressing various aspects of the CLE in nursing education. However, the majority of studies were descriptive, and there is an urgent need to investigate the effects of interventions to enhance the CLE to improve nursing students' learning outcomes. Most studies look at student perception; few focus on assessing clinical skills. Further research is needed to examine the interplay of clinical skills, CLEs and student perception. • The nursing clinical learning environment (CLE) is influenced by factors such as the environment, guidance, cooperation, and relationships. • Curriculum misalignment, poor placement preparation, and unclear expectations impair the CLE. • Evidence about the effects of CLE factors on learning outcomes is limited. • Most outcomes are measured using unstandardized instruments. • Comparability of study results is difficult due to outcome heterogeneity.

Abstract In this work, we consider a class of linear ill-posed problems with operators that map from the sequence space ℓ r ( r ⩾ 1 ) into a Banach space and in addition satisfy a conditional stability estimate in the scale of sequence spaces ℓ q , q ⩾ 0 . For the regularization of such problems in the presence of deterministic noise, we consider variational regularization with a penalty functional either of the form R p = ‖ ⋅ ‖ p p for some p > 0 or in form of the counting measure R 0 = ‖ ⋅ ‖ 0 . The latter case guarantees sparsity of the corresponding regularized solutions. In this framework, we present first stability and then convergence rates for suitable a priori parameter choices. The results cover the oversmoothing situation, where the desired solution does not belong to the domain of definition of the considered penalty functional. The analysis of the oversmoothing case utilizes auxiliary elements that are defined by means of hard thresholding. Such technique can also be used for post processing to guarantee sparsity. Some numerical illustrations are included.

The S2K guideline, organized by the German Respiratory Society, is aimed at physicians in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria who perform outpatient or inpatient diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy in adult patients. Its goal is to standardize the procedure, minimize complications, and improve diagnostic safety. The guideline specifically addresses specialists in pulmonology, thoracic surgery, and hospital hygiene, as well as nursing and technical staff. It provides evidence- and consensus-based recommendations on indications, preparation, execution, hygiene measures, and aftercare. Additionally, it serves as an information resource for physicians from other specialties, payers, professional societies, and can support quality management. It applies to medical care in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland and incorporates the latest scientific findings up to the date of publication.

We demonstrate a grazing-incidence X-ray platform that simultaneously records time-resolved grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GID) from a femtosecond-laser-irradiated gold film above the melting threshold, with picosecond resolution using an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL). By tuning the X-ray incidence angle, the probe depth is set to tens of nanometres, enabling depth-selective sensitivity to near-surface dynamics. GISAXS resolves ultrafast changes in surface nanomorphology (correlation length, roughness), while GID quantifies subsurface lattice compression, grain orientation, melting and recrystallization. The approach overcomes photon-flux limitations of synchrotron grazing-incidence geometries and provides stringent, time-resolved benchmarks for complex theoretical models of ultrafast laser-matter interaction and warm dense matter. Looking ahead, the same depth-selective methodology is well suited to inertial confinement fusion (ICF): it can visualize buried-interface perturbations and interfacial thermal resistance on micron to sub-micron scales that affect instability seeding and burn propagation.

Carbon, a highly versatile element, forms allotropes (diamond, graphite, graphene, etc.) with distinct physicochemical properties. Traditional carbon-based heterojunctions suffer from interface limitations, while in-situ grown diamond/graphite heterojunctions via diamond-to-graphite transformation offer superior interfacial bonding, but their transformation mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we fabricate graphite/diamond heterojunctions by electron beam irradiation of intrinsic polycrystalline and single-crystal diamond with different surface crystallographic orientations, specifically (111), (110), and (100) facets. The heterojunctions are systematically characterized using SEM, AFM, Raman spectroscopy, and HRTEM. Based on these results, we uncover the phase transformation tendencies of different diamond crystallographic planes and clarify the driving mechanism of the diamond-to-graphite transition. Locally observed nanoscale transition regions, characterized by coexisting diffraction features, provide evidence against interface-initiated nucleation and growth. We suggest a more plausible "global graphitization" pathway, in which partial diamond domains undergo collective structural rearrangement to form graphite, as an alternative to the classical nucleation-and-growth model. This work fills the gap in carbon solid-state phase transition theory, provides theoretical support for low-dimensional carbon heterojunction interfacial engineering, and advances precise/controllable heterojunction design. It holds significant value for electronic devices, energy storage, and catalysis.

Emotion regulation (ER) is a relevant transdiagnostic mechanism for mental health, involving cognitive, behavioral, and physiological processes. Children of parents with a mental illness (COPMI) are at increased risk for ER difficulties, yet the integration of state and trait ER assessments remains underexplored. This study employs a multimodal approach to assess ER in COPMI compared to children of parents without a mental illness (COPWMI). We examined trait ER via self-report in 195 children (96 COPMI/99 COPWMI) aged 4 - 16, cognitive state ER using an emotional Go/Nogo task in 243 children (96 COPMI/147 COPWMI) aged 7 - 16, and physiological state ER through heart rate and electrodermal activity responses during an emotional video task in 124 children (49 COPMI/75 COPWMI) aged 7 - 16. No significant group differences emerged in cognitive or physiological measures of state ER. Emotional stimuli affected physiological responses across all participants, but COPMI did not show heightened reactivity or diminished affective inhibitory control compared to COPWMI. Furthermore, trait ER did not significantly predict state ER responses across groups. These findings challenge the assumption of broad ER impairments in COPMI and highlight the importance of considering situational and environmental factors when assessing ER. The absence of universal state ER deficits suggests that some COPMI may compensate for potential vulnerabilities.

Article Christian Onof: The Problem of Free Will and Naturalism: Paradoxes and Kantian Solutions. London, UK: Bloomsbury Academic. 2024. pp x + 246. ISBN: 9781350425361. was published on March 31, 2026 in the journal Kant-Studien (volume 117, issue 1).